Arteries = away from heart into arterioles

Arterioles = control blood from arteries to capillaries

Capillaries = tiny vessels linking arteries to veins

Veins = blood from capillaries back to heart

Tough outer layer - resist internal and external pressure changes

Muscle layer - can contract to control bloof flow

Elastic layer - maintain blood pressure by stretch and recoil

Endothelium - smooth to prevent friction and thing for diffusion

Lumen - central cavity for blood to flow through

Small lumen, thin endothelium, thick elastic layer, thick muscle and outer layer

Rapid transport under high pressure

Thicher muscle layer than veins so stretch and recoil to control blood volume passing through

Thick elastic layer compared to veins to keep high pressure and maintain smooth pressure surges during systole and diastole

Large wall thickness to prevent from bursting

No valves as pressure too high for back flow

Similar to arteries but smaller diameter, larger muscle layer and lumen, thinner elastic layer

Lower pressure than arteries

Thicker muscle layer as contraction allows lumen to constrict - controls movement into capillaries

Thinner elastic layer than arteries as pressure lower

Relatively thin muscle layer compared to arteries (carries blood away so constriction/dilation doesn't control blood flow)

Relatively thin elastic layer as low pressure to no bursting or recoil

Overall wall thickness small (can be flattened easilt to aid bloodflow and low pressure)

Valves throughout to prevent backflow 

Muscles contract = veins compress = increased pressure = ensure dirction only towards heart

Exchange metabolic materials so blood flow slow

Thin endothelium for short diffusion pathway

Lots and highly branched for large S.A for diffusion

Narrow lumen so red blood cells squeezed flat against the side (reduces diffusion pathway)

Narrow diameter so can permeate tissues

Spaces between endothelium so white blood cells can escape and deal with the infections