Term
| Characteristics of Chordates |
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Definition
1. Have a notochord at some point (a dorsal supporting rod-like structure)
2. Have a dorsal tubular nerve cord (the anterior portion becomes the brain)
3. Have pharyngeal gill pouches that give rise to gill (seen only during development in many vertebrates)
4. Have postanal tail (tail extending beyond the anus in an embryo) |
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Term
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Definition
1. have deuterostome pattern of development
2. Have an inner skeleton and muscles attached to outer surface
2. Notochord is never replaced by vertebral column
Examples: Lancelets and Sea Squirts |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Verebral Column (replaces notochord and is evidence of segmentation 2. Skull (shows high degree of cephalization and protects the brain) 3. Endoskeleton -living tissue (cartilage/bone) that grows within the animal -protects internal organs -attachment for muscles -paired appendages 4. Internal Organs (Large coelom & complete digestive tract and closed circulatory system) 5. Efficient excretion and respiration |
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Term
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Definition
1. Jaws for predation (gnathsostomes are the jawed fish and vertebrates)
2. Lungs and bony skeleton (adaptation for land existence and tetrapods have 4 limbs)
3. Amnion allows for reproduction on land |
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Term
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Definition
1. Aquatic, gill-breathing vertebrates
2. Usually have fins and scale-covered skin |
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Term
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Definition
1. Jawless Fish
2. Ostracoderms (earliest vertebrate fossils)
3. Lampreys & hagfish r modern jawless fish that lack bony skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
1. Have jaws
2. ectothermic
3. have gills
4. cartiligious or bony skeleton
5. scales
*Jaws evolved from the first pair of gill arches in agnathans
*Placoderms (extinct jawed fish of devonian and the ancestor of sharks & bony fish) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Skeleton of cartilage instead of bone
2. sharks/rays/skates
3. lack gill covering of bony fish |
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Term
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Definition
1. Have bony skeleton
2. Most ray-finned
3.Lobe-finned are a small subgroup w/ fleshy fins supported by central bones
4. Swim bladder (gas-filled sac that allows fish to alter buoyancy) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Usually tetrapods
2. smooth, non-scaly moist sking
3. Lungs in adults
4. double loop circulatory pathway w/ 3-chambered heart
5. sense organs fine-tuned for life on land
6. ectothermic
7. many return to water for reproduction.... undergo metamorphosis |
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Term
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Definition
1. Tetrapod
2. Lobed-finned fish had evolutionary advantage due to movement capability
3. Further adaptations promoted by more food/less predators |
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Term
| Three Groups of Amphibians |
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Definition
1. Salamanders (practice internal fertilization)& Newts
2. Frogs & Toads (tailess as adults)
3. Caecilians (legless, sightless worm-shaped) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Paried limbs
2. thick,scaly skin impermeable to water
3. Lungs with expandable rib cage
4. Efficient circulation (ventricle divided by septum)
5. Efficient excretion
6. Ecothermic
7. Reproduction is internal fertilization and shelled amniotic eggs |
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Term
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Definition
1. Turtles and Tortoises
-ribs/thoracic vertebrae fused into heavy shell
-no teeth, but sharp beak
2. Lizards
-4 clawed feet
-carnivorous
3.Snakes
-lost limbs as adaptation for burrowing
-carnivores
4. Tuatara
-have third eye
5. Crocodilians
-long,powerful jaws
-tail serves as weapon |
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Term
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Definition
1. Feathers
2. Modified skeleton
-collarbone and others are fused
-sternum has keel
3. Modified Respiration
-lungs connected to air sacs
4. endothermic
5. well developed nervous and sense organs
6. hard-shelled amniotic egg
7. 4-chambered heart
8. most can fly |
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Term
| Characteristics of Mammals |
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Definition
1. hair
2. milk-producing mammary glands
3. skeleton
-skull accomodates larger brain in comparison to body size
-differentiated teeth
4. Internal Organs
-efficient respiration/circulation
-double-loop circulatory pathway w/ 4-chambered heart
-kidneys adapted to conserve water
-highly developed nervous system
-internal development in most mammals |
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Term
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Definition
1. Marsupials-females contain pouches
2. Monotrems- hard-shelled amniotic eggs
3. Placentals-placenta used for exchange of maternal and fetal blood |
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Term
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Definition
1. Thailand Cobra venom used for immunokine (for M.S. patients)
2. Southern copperhead snake provide chemicals for synthesis of anticoagulants,painkillers,antibiotics, and anticancer drugs
3. Insulin was purified from pigs
4. flu vaccines produced in fertilized chicken eggs |
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