1.Craniates

2. Neutral crest

1.a protective bony or cartilaginous housing for brain

2. embryonic cells that develop into skeleton, jaws,and teeth

• includes the animal lampreys which are parasitic as adults

• characteristics are that they lack hinged jaws and true appendages but they do have a rudimentary vertebral column

Includes: sharks, skates, rays

Characteristics: Skeleton is flexible cartilage

the shark was the earliest to develop teeth, these teeth are not set into the jaw

sharks have a powerful sense of smell

Bony Fish

They have a bony skeleton.

The Operculum covers gills.

Swim bladder for buoyancy