Term
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Definition
proximal: proximity
distal: farthest |
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Term
sexing your fetal pig
MALE |
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Definition
males do not have a urogenital papilla
in the male, the urogenital tract opens near the umbilical cord |
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Term
sexing your fetal pig
FEMALE |
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Definition
| only the female has a urogenital papilla beneth the tail; in the female, bother the urogenital tract and the digestive tract exit in the anal region. |
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Term
Digestive system:
The snout-->
paired nares, tongue and sensory papillae
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Definition
paired nares: commonly known as nostrils, the nares take air into the sinuses for sensing and warming
tongue: the tongue is a highly manipulative, muscular structures used to aid eating
sensory papillae: taste buds in the papillae are responsible for the associated with food ingestion-in humans, salt, sweet, sour, and bitter. |
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Term
Digestive System:
The Salivary Gland |
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Definition
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Term
Oral Cavity:
tongue, palates, unerupted teeth, pharnx |
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Definition
Tongue: used to aid eating with an attachment deep in the throat
palates: hard palate (anterior part, bone covered with folds of mucous membrane, hard palate separates the oral cavity from nasal cavity)soft palate (posterior continuation of the mucous membrane, but contains no bone)
pharnx: base of tongue, the junction of the passageways for food (esophagus) and air (trachea)--epiglottis is a fold of skin that helps close the trachea during swallowing |
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Term
Digestive System:
Abdominal Cavity |
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Definition
first incision: you will see the intercostal muscle, the left pectoralis muscle and the abdominal muscles
cutting deeper:you will see the peritoneal cavity encased by the shiny peritoneal membranes, and the digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs
through the peritoneal membrane: internal abdominal organs (liver, large intestine,small intestine) |
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Term
Digestive system: abdominal cavity 2:
small intestine
large intestine
gall bladder
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Definition
lift the liver: you will see the stomach
small intestine: nearly 6 feet, digestion of food and absorbtion of nutrients
large intestine: reclaimation of water at the end of the digestive cycle
gall bladder: liver secretes bil, and the bile salts and excreted wastes flow into the gall bladder to be stored for a short amount of time. during digestion, the small intestine signals for the gall bladder to release the bile to aid the digestive process
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Term
digestive system:
3, with the abdominal cavity + open stomach
pyloric sphincter
rugae
spleen |
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Definition
pyloric sphincter: round involuntary muscle that controls the movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine
rugae:ridges that help increase the surface area of the stomach walls and stretch out when the stomach is full
spleen: part of the immune system, the spleen filters our and destroys dead blood cells
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Term
Digestive System:
4 Deeper inside the abdominal cavity
rectum
umbilical arteries
pancreas
mesentery |
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Definition
rectum: stores feces
umbilical arteries: carry nutrients from the mother's placenta to the fetus
pancreas: production of enzymes used to digest food, enzymes enter the small intestine through two ducts in the duodenum.
mesentery: thin, transparent sheets of tissue that suspend and support the visceral organs. |
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Term
Excretory System:
kidneys
renal blood vessels
ureters
bladder |
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Definition
kidneys: lie below the digestive organs, beneath the peritoneum, responsible for taking out waste from blood; help regulate body fluid
renal blood vessels: renal veins carry filtered blood from kidneys to posterior vena cava, renal arteries carry unfiltered blood from the aorta to the kidneys. found beneath renal veins
ureters: urine filtered from the blood by kidneys pass through these tubes on the way to the urinary bladder
bladder: urine is stored until the mammal eliminates the liquid waste material through urination, exits via the urethra. |
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Term
Excretory System:
kidney specifics |
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Definition
| three different regions: outer cortex, the middle medulla, inner-most renal pelvis.(renal pelvis drains into the ureter as it collects the filtered waste) blood that comes into the kidneys is forced through a maze of small tubules, filtering out water and ions that concentrate in the collecting ducts at the base of the renal pyramid. |
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Term
Circulatory System
heart, lungs, thymus gland |
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Definition
transportation of nutrients, gases, wastes and hormones. controls body temp. provides channels for the immune system to protect the body and maintains body fluid homeostatsis.
thymus: helps establish and mature the immune system |
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Term
Circulatory System:
pericardial sac, left ventricle, right ventricle, coronary artery |
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Definition
| coronary artery: supplies blood to the heart muscle to keep it alive |
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Term
| left ventricle vs. right ventricle |
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Definition
| left ventricle: often thicker and more developed due to greater back pressure from the blood it's pushing. |
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Term
Reproductive System:
Female
ovaries
oviducts
uterus |
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Definition
ovaries: small ovaries contain all the developing eggs the pig will ever have, produce estrogen and progesterone
oviducts: called fallopian tubes in humans--receive the egg from the ovaries and propel it to the uterus
uterus: fertilized eggs travel from the oviducts into the uterus for implantation and develop into a fetus |
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Term
Reproductive System: Male
Penis
Testicles
Epididymae |
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Definition
penis: long muscular organ, is the most sexually sensitive area in the male and becomes stiff or erect when stimulated
testicles: testes are packed with tightly coiled seminiferous tubules(where sperm are produced), testosterone, sperm travel from the testes and epididymae to the vas deferentia.
epididymae: whitish mass of tubes that stores sperm before they enter the vas deferentia. |
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Term
Respiratory System:
air enters nares, trachea, lungs, |
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Definition
air travels through the upper respiratory tract (nares, mouth, glottis) tot he lower respiratory tract, larynx, and the trachea; lungs are encapsulated by the pleural membranes; air from the trachea enters the bronchi which splits into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchiole. finally, the air reaches the aveoli, microscopic, thin-walled sacs.
To get air into the lungs, the ribs expand to create negative pressure in the thoracic cavity, causing air to rush into the lungs. this is augmented by the contraction of the diaphragm, which also creates negative pressure in the thoracic cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| covered by a three-layered membrane called the meninges; cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the hollow ventricles of the brain and circulates into the layers of the meninges--associate blood vessels bring nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
four lobes
frontal: thought, speech and motor function
parietal: sensory association
occipital: vision
Temporal: smell and hearing
*thalmus: area where motor and sensory fibers form synapses, while involuntary motor control takes place in the medulla
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Term
Nervous System:
cervical region of the spine |
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Definition
| covered by a layer of muscle; most mammals have 8 circular vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral vertebrae, 1 coccygeal vertebrae |
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Term
Nervous system
intact central system |
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Definition
| allows info to be transferred between the body and the brain |
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Term
| Nervous system: lumbar region |
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Definition
| vertebrae of the lumbar region provide support and protection for the delicate spinal cord (nerves enter and exit the spinal cord through the spaces in between each vertebrae, these nerves then radiate out into the body) |
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Term
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Definition
submaxillary (mandibular)
sublingual
parotid
*function: produce the substances found in saliva including the digestive enzyme amylase |
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Term
| two lobes of the thyroid gland |
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Definition
| located on either side of the trachea just below the larynx; thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate development, metabolism, and homeostasis |
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Term
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Definition
| air passages that connect the mouth to the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| soft-walled tube, runs from the pharynx, through the diaphragm, and into the stomach |
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Term
| abdominal or coelomic cavity contains the visceral organs |
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Definition
| interior walls of cavity are lined by membranous tissues (peritoneum) derived from mesoderm during development; folds of peritoneal tissue called the mesenteries connect the visceral organs to the abdominal cavity wall, and peritoneal membranes called the omentium covers the intestinal mass |
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Term
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Definition
| dark colored, at the anterior end of the abdominal cavity, four lobes: medial love, right and left lateral lobes, and a caudate lobe that wraps around the esophagus and stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
cardiac sphincter: prevents backflow
pyloric sphincter: regulates the flow of digestive fluids out of the stomach into the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| close to duodenum (digestive enzymes enter via ducts into the duodenum), the central and longest portion is called the jejunum; ileum leads into the colon, from whch it is separated by a sphincter called the ileocecal valve |
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Term
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Definition
| colon and rectum form the large intestine; in between the colon and the ileum there is the caecum (small blind pouch that supports organisms important in digestion); colon=water reabsorbtion; rectum: store feces; |
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Term
| urogenital organs enclosed in the abdominal cavity |
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Definition
| kidneys=pair of organs, dorsal wall of the cavity outside of the peritoneum, urine produced goes to the urinary bladder via tube called ureter |
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Term
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Definition
| testes and seminal vesicles |
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Term
| female reproductive system |
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Definition
uterus (right and left uterine hornes) anterior margins of uterine horns
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Term
| organs of the thoracic cavity |
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Definition
| seperated from abdominal cavity by the diaphragm and contains the heart and the lungs; diaphragm; heart; lungs; thymus |
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Term
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Definition
| vessels of the circulatory system form two-loops--the systemic circuit and the pulmonary circuit--that each start and end at the heart, and one shunt-the hepatic portal system-that takes blood from the digestive tract to the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| carries oxygenated blood to most regions of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart. LEFT VENTRICLE-> AORTA (ascending, arch, descending); systemic veins |
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Term
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Definition
| left and right coronary arteries branch off to supply blood to the heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| three large arteries branch off: branchiocephalic artery (two branches-right subclavian and righ carotid that supply blood to *right arm and *the head and neck;)the left carotid artery: blood to the head; the left subclavian artery: blood to the left arm |
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Term
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Definition
| starts behind the heart and extends back along the dorsal midline of the thoracic and abdominal cavities to the level of the pelvis (supplies blood to the trunck, visceral organs, and legs) *ARTERIES: celiac (liver, gallbladder, stomach, duodenum, pancreas) superior mesenteric artery (pancreas, duodenum, intestines) right and left renal arteries (supply blood to the kidneys); the descending artery then divides into the right and left iliac arteries (extend through the pelvis to form the right and left femoral arteries of the legs) |
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Term
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Definition
| coronary sinus: draws deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins on the outside of the heart; superior (or anterior) vena cava: draws blood returning from the head, neck and arms; inferior (or posterior) vena cava: draws blood returning from the trunk, viscera and legs. All 3 of these veins lead directly into the right atrium of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart. the right ventricle receives the deoxygenated blood from the systemic veins and a large artery called the pulmonary trunk leads out of the right ventricle, and then divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries which lead to the lungs. gas exchange occurs in the lungs and the newly oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary veins. |
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Term
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Definition
| no a part of either the systemic or pulmonary circuits, it runs from a bed of capillaries that surrounds the digestive organs to a bed of capillaries in the liver; |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 tissue layers: and outer fibrous tunic, nutritive middle vascular tunic, and an internal tunic with photoreceptor and neural cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| sclera: thick, opaque white layer-maintains shape of eye; cornea: two layers of clear tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| choroid: layer just below the sclera-supplies retina with nutrients; vitreous humor: jellylike, allows light to pass through to the retina; lens: hard clear structure, small clear marble; iris & pupil: iris is in front of the lens, hole in the middle is the pupil-iris regulates amount of light that enters the pupil; aqueous humor and chamber: clear, liquid substance that fills the chamber-helps supple nutrients and take away waste products from the cells of the lens and cornea, which lack a direct blood supply. |
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Term
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Definition
| retina: photoreceptor cells found here; 2 tissue layers: pigmented and neural layer; optic nerve: exits the retina at the back of the eye socket in a region of the retina called the optic disk; receives impulses from the retina and carries them to the optic lobes of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Telencephalon + Diencephalon = forebrain; mesenchepalon (midbrain) Metencephalon + Myelencephalon= hindbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| olfactory bulbs: processing olfactory signals; olfactory tract: thin bands of neural tissue hat extend from the olfactory bulbs towards the brainstem; corpus callosum: pass signals between the right and left cerebral hemispheres; cerebrum: two hemispheres divided by a deep cerebral fissure |
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Term
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Definition
| thalamus: integration and relay station for sensory inputs coming from the spinal cord and other regions of the brain; hypothalamus: regulates homeostasis; pineal gland: endocrine gland that regulates circadian rhythm. |
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Term
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Definition
| connects the forebrain and the hindbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebellum: separated from the cerebral cortex by a deep groove called the transverse fissure; integrates sensory info on position and movements; pons: form a bridge between the spinal cord and the remainder of the brain, and between the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| medulla: enlarged portion of the hindbrain at the top of the spinal cord; many autonomous nervous system functions such as breathing, heart rate, swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, and hiccuping |
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