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| Larest of all organs-16% of body weight |
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Definition
Protection from physical, chemical, and biological injury
Prevents water loss
Serves as a receptor for general sensation
converts precursor molecules into vitamin D3 |
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Body temperature regulation
Protects against UV and ionizing radiation
Excretion from sweat glands |
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Term
| Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis |
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Definition
| ________________,___________________, ______________________ are all componets of the skin |
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the most superficial layer-stratified aquamous epithelium-avascular |
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directly below the epidermis-loose and dense irregular connective tissue-vascular |
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superficial fascia- not considered skin proper-mostly adipose tissue |
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Epidermis nd dermis interdigitate with each other to form_______ |
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| ____________, the term thick skin and thin skin are defined by the thickness of the epidermis. |
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_______, thick and thin skin refer to the thickness of the epidermis plus the dermis--thickest skin is found on the upper back. |
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is characterized by a thin layer of epidermis and my have hair-the stratum lucidum is not seen in this type of skin--cover most of the body |
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is characterized by a thick layer of epidermis and has no hair-has eccrine sweat glands, but lacks sebaceous gland and apocrine sweat glands--found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. |
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Definition
Stratum corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale(Germinativum) |
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Definition
Multilayered Cells
Dead Cells-no nuclei or organells
Cells are filled with keratin
Increased in thickness with friction |
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Definition
Appears only in thick skin
translucent layer 3-5 cells thick
Acidophilic
Cells are filled with keratin
Cells have pycnotic nuclei-no organelles |
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3-5 cells thick
Cells are gying because too far away from the dermal papilla
Cytoplasm contains basophilic keratohyaline granules |
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Definition
Cells in this layer have spinous processes that contact each other
Cells are connected togetherby many desmosomes
Cells are mitotically active-malphighian layer |
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Definition
Stratum basale+stratum spinosum- layers with mitotically active cells |
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Term
Stratum Basale (Germinativum) |
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Definition
Deepest layer
One cell layer of kerantinocytes
Contains cells that are dividing
Cubodial to solumnar shape
Cells are basophice due to many ribosomes
Attached to adjacent cells by desmosomes
attached to basal lamina by hdidesmosomes |
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It takes _______ for cells to move from basale to corneum |
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| cells of this layer produce 10nm intermediate filaments called tonofilaments |
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| Cells of this layer continue to produce tonofilaments, but they begin to clump together to form bundles called tonofibrils-thes begin to fill the cytoplasm-tonofibrils are eosinophilic, they began to produce keratohyaline granules and lamellar bodies |
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Definition
Cells of this layer are filled with keratohyaline granules-Contain filaggrin, with combines with tonofibrils, converting the tonofibrils to cross-linked keratin-the nucleus and other organelles begin to break down |
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Definition
Cells of this layer are squamous- release the lamellar bodies that have been accumulating in the cytoplasm of the keratinocytes-lamellar bodies contian glycolipids that upon release are disseminated in the intercellular space-glycolipids serve as a water barrier for skin, which has 2 fucnctions 1)keep unwanted fulid out 2) keep needed fuid needed from leaving |
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found in the stratum basale-they are round with long dendritic processes tha textend into the stratum spinosum among the keratinocytes-main function is to produce melanin |
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Definition
Melanocytes prodcue melanin by a process that involves the transformation of ___________ into ___________ by the UV sensitive enzyme________. |
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| The production of melanin occurs in amembrane-limited bodies called________ |
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Definition
The absence of tyrosinase activity results in ________. |
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Sistributed throuhout the epidermis, especially the straatum spinosum, have dendritic processes, thereby resembling the melanocytes-play an important role in the immmune response-involed in the presentation of antigens to T-Cells |
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| modifies epidermal cells located in the stratum basale- the base of the Merkel cell is in contact with the expanded terminal disc of a verve fiber, formaing a special rceptor that functions as a mechanoreceptor |
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| Papillary Layer & Reticular |
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Definition
| _______&_______ comprise the dermis. |
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Definition
Conisist of loose connective tissue- located immediately under the epidermis and is separeaed from the epidermis by the basal lamina- is a relatively thin layer- forms derma ridges ( dermal papillae) that interdigitate with the epidermal downgrothes (epidermal ridges), contains blood vessels that serve, but do not enter, the epidermis----contains nerve processes, some of which terminate n the dermis and some of which penetrate the basal lamina to enter the epithelial layer--- contains Meissner corcuscles |
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Definition
Deep to the papillary layer- consist of irregular sense connective tissue- considerable thicker than the papillary layer and varies in thickness in different parts of the body, this layer cn be identifies as the layer of dermis that contains thicker collagen fibers and fewer cells than the loose connective tisue of the papillary layer-contains many thick elastic fibers. |
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the most numerous of the nerve endings of the skin- are in the dermis as well as the epidermis extending as far as the stratum granulosum-serve as pain and temperature rectoers-are unmelinated. |
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| found in the dermis papillae of hairless skin, such as the volar areas, being expecially number is the fingers and toes and lips-encapsulated and myelinated-sensitive to light tough and low-frequency vibration-imporant for sensation of sicriminative touch |
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| large ovoid structures, measuring 1 mm or more in their long axis-the nerve fiber running out of the corpuscle is myelinated while the nerve fiber in the actual corpuscle is unmyelinated- found in the connective tissue of the skin as well as the hypodermins- detect light louch and vibration-the corpuscle is made of layers of cells that have fluid between the cells |
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| mechanoreceptors, capsule enclosed, and fluid filled-myelinated fiber enters capsule-responds to stretching of skin |
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| the outermost part of the hair folic-is direct continuation of the stratum malphighii of the epidermis-covered by connective tissue sheath |
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| a multilayered cellular covering that surrounds the deep part of the hair-these cells have soft keratin, a in the epidermis |
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| the terminal expanded portion of the hair folicle in which the hair is rooted--deeply indented by the connective tissue papilla (dermal papilla), which contains a capillary network necessary for sustaining the follicle |
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| cells in the bulb that surround the papilla-are mitotically active, giving rise to keratin producing cells-cells of this appendage form the medulla of the hair shalf and th internal root sheath |
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| an areas just above the bulb wher the cells that have left the matrix become kerantinized |
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| cells from the external root form this gland about two-thirds up from the bulb-every hair follicle is joined to sebaceous glands. secrete and oily substance call SEBUM |
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| smooth muscle that attaches to the connective tissue sheath |
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| Cuticle,Cortex, Meulla(middle layer) |
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| is produced by holocrine secretion |
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| Eccrine (Merocrine) Sweat Glands |
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Definition
| Distributed over the entire body except the lips and external genitalia, contains NaCl, urea, uric acid, and ammonia, plays a role in temperature regulation through cooling that results from the evaporation of sweat |
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Definition
| found only in the axilla of humans, the areola and nipple of the mammary gland, the circumanal region, and in association with the external genitalia,secretion contains proteins |
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Term
Cells of Sweat Glands
Hair Follicles
Sebaceous Glands |
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Definition
| Skin Regeneration can occur from_____,_____,_____. |
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| rest on the nail bed-made of hard keratin |
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| consist of epithelial cells that are continuous with the stratum basale and stratum spinosum of the epidermis |
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| viewed from above, a crescent-shaped light area is seen near the root of the nail-is a reflection of the partially keratinized cells in this region of the nail |
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| junction zone between the skin of the finger and the nail plate and which forms a protective seal (perionychium) |
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| skin that surrounds the edge of the nail |
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| junction seal between the nail plate and the skin of the fingertip |
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| Nails grow about _______ per week, being totally renewed in about _____months |
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