Term
|
Definition
Breaks up large molecules so that they can be absorbed.
Formed from the endoderm.
Composed of the digestive tract and the accessory glands.
Ends in cloaca (or anus/rectum). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anterior: Lips
Side: Cheeks
Posterior: Palatoglossal arch (oropharynx if not present)
Top = plate (in 2' mammals) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caps the teeth and forms from epidermis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Under the enamel.
From the neural crest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Over the dentin on the roots. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very center of the tooth, mucus connective tissue that holds and supports nerves and blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Homodont and polyphondont |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heterodondont and diphyodant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Passage for air and food in buccal cavity.
Pharyngeal slits form here.
Swallowing occurs here with 3 seals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deglutition.
Moving the bolus from the mouth to the esophagus.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Anterior oral slits = lips
- Middle Oral Slit = soft palate and back of tongue. Close the masopharynx/entrance to the nasal cavity.
- Posterior Oral Slit = Soft palate and epiglottis.
Closes off the trachea.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Further breakdown of bolus, absorption, further elimination of indigestible remains.
4 regions:
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Intestines
- Cloaca
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Connects pharynx and stomach.
Job: Transport via peristalsis
Secretes mucus for lubricant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stores food.
Mechanical Digestion.
Chemical Digestion - gastric juices.
Some absorption (H2O, salts, vitamins)
Can distend via rugae
Protein digestion begins from pepsin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Folds on inside of stomach that allows for expansion. |
|
|
Term
| Parietal Cells of Stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chief Cells of the Stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HCl + Pepsinogen - an enzyme that digest proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects to the small intestine and releases mucus/alkaline that neutralizes acid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The bolus in the stomach mixed with stomach solutions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pH=8
Intestinal juice is alkaline and watery.
Pylorus provides basic juices.
Folds with villi and microvilli increase SA.
3 Regions:
- Duodenym: Receives chyme from the stomach and secretions from pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
-intestinal juices.
- Jejunum
- Ilium
-These both absorb nutrients.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No villi.
From the small intestine to the cloaca/anus.
Absorb H2O, salt, vitamins.
Forms feces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Receives product from the digestive system, urinary system.
"Sewer"
When absent, rectum/anus is present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Line the buccal cavity.
Most common is the salivary gland.
More prev in tetrapods. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Release into the external digestive tract via glands (3 types):
- Oral Gland
- Pancreas
- Liver Glands
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Produces saliva which contains mucus, salts, enzymes (amylase), a water-based secretion.
3 pairs of salivary glands:
lubricates food, digests starch via amylase, antimicrobrial properties, neutralizes some toxins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Produces pancreatic juices - alkyline and contains emzymes (amylase, lipase, proteases) released into duodenum.
ALL VERTS HAVE PANCREAS.
Important in neutralization of acidic gastric acid.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Largest internal organ.
Produces bile to emulsify fat.
Excess bile is stored in the gall bladder.
Bile released into the duodenum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mechanical digestion in birds, crocs, alligators that improves access of digestive enzyme by increasing surface area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Begins in the mouth with amylase. Continues in small intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Begins in the somach with pepsin from HCl. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs in the small intestine (lipase with bile attacks) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gastric (foregut), Intestinal (Hindgut) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteases, Lipase/bile, Amylase. |
|
|
Term
| Gastric Fermentation (Foregut) |
|
Definition
Digest cellulose in/near stomach.
Ex: Ruminants in cows - 4 chambered stomachs. |
|
|
Term
| Intestinal Fermentation (Hindgut) |
|
Definition
Cellulose digestion occurs in the intestines.
Elongated intestines/ceca.
Ceca = blind-ended out-pocketings of the intestines.
Ex: Rabbits, horses, pigs. |
|
|
Term
| Absorption of Nutrients/Water |
|
Definition
Absorption starts with the stomach (water, salt, vitamins)
Large intestines: nutrients, salts, vitamins, water.
Small Intestines: Nutrients absorbed in jejunum and ileum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increase time in canal.
Expansion/extensions of canal.
Differentiation/regionalization of the canal. |
|
|
