Term
|
Definition
| infinitive minus ar, er, or ir OR an irregular root form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I walk - camino
Root + present ending
-AR o, as, a, amos, áis, an
-ER o, es, e, emos, éis, en,
-IR o, es, e, imos, ís, en
Remember that stem-changing verbs don’t change in nostros or vosotros (boot verbs!) e?ie e?i o?ue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I am walking – Estoy caminando
Present form of estar + root -ando or -iendo.
er/ir verbs ending with 2 vowels i--> y (leyendo, construyendo) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I walked. Caminé
Root + preterite ending
-AR é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron
-ER/-IR í, iste, ió, imos, isteis, ieron
*Remember all the irregulars!
* Only –IR stem-changing verbs change in the preterite. They only change in the 3rd person. (él, ellos). o--> ue is o-->u. e--> ie is e--> i
Yo dormí but ella durmió. Yo convertí but ellos convirtieron.
Yo changes: -gar--> gué, -car--> qué, -zar --> cé |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I was walking (I used to walk). Yo caminaba.
I was walking = Caminaba.
Root + imperfect ending
-AR aba, abas, aba, ábamos, abais, aban
-ER/-IR ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían (note all have accents!)
Only irregulars are ir (iba), ser (era) and ver (veía) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Root + -ado or -ido
Don’t forget all the irregulars!
When 2 vowels end an -er/-ir verb, put an accent on the i. leído, creído. This does not apply to verbs ending in -uir (construido) or ar verbs (creado). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I have walked. Yo he caminado.
Present form of haber + past participle
He, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I had walked (when she arrived). Había caminado.
Imperfect form of haber + past participle
Había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I will (probably) walk. Caminaré
Future root (in reg verbs the infinitive) + future endings
é, ás, á, emos, éis, án
Remember all the irregulars! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I would walk. Caminaría
Future root (in reg verbs the infinitive) + imperfect endings
ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Affirmative: 3rd person singular – camina
Negative: yo form + opposite tú ending – No camines.
Remember all the affirmative irregulars (pon, haz, ten, etc.)
Only irregular negatives are no seas, no estés, no vayas |
|
|
Term
| Where do pronouns go on affirmative commands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do pronouns go with negative commands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I will have walked (by 8).
Yo habré caminado.
Future form of haber + past participle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I would have walked (but I didn't have time).
Habría caminado.
Conditional form of haber + past participle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I was walking (for 2 hours)
Estuve caminando.
I was walking when he called.
Estaba caminando.
Preterite or imperfect form of estar + present participle (or gerund) -ando/-iendo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
It's important that you walk a lot.
Es importante que camines mucho.
Take the "yo form" of the verb and add the opposite ending.
hablar --> hablo --> hable
vivir --> vivo --> viva
7 uses: desire, ignorance, impersonal opinion, uncompleted action, vague indefinite antecendent, tal vez/quizás, aunque (even if) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
It was a shame that he walked.
Fue una lástima que caminara.
Take the 3rd person plural form of the preterite, cut off the -on, and add -ra, -ras, -ra, -'ramos, -rais, -ran
There is the accent on the vowel precending the ending in nosotros forms. (hubiéramos, camináramos)
Pidieron--> pidiera
estuvieron --> estuviera |
|
|
Term
| Present perfect subjunctive |
|
Definition
It's good that he has walked today.
Es bueno que haya caminado hoy.
Present subjuntive form of haber (haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayais, hayan) + past participle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
She was happy that he had walked.
Ella estaba feliz que hubiera caminado.
Take the imperfect subjunctive form of haber (hubiera, hubieras,hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran) + past participle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Walk!
Camine!/ Caminen
No camine/No caminen.
It's just the present subjunctive form of Ud. or Uds. (tenga, hagan, etc.)
It's the same for affirmative/negative. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Let's walk!
Caminemos!
It's just the present subjunctive form of nosotros. (hagamos, seamos, hablemos, etc))
Irregular: Vamos, No vayamos |
|
|
Term
| What other verbs can you use in the progressive tenses other than estar and what do they mean? |
|
Definition
ir - to slowly but surely be doing
andar - to be going around doing
seguir - to still be doing
Voy estudiando. I'm slowly but surely studying
Anda haciendo compras. She's going around shopping.
Sigue buscando trabajo. He's still looking for work. |
|
|
