Term
| normally the PaCO2 increases how much during sleep and is associated with what? |
|
Definition
1) 4-5 mm Hg
2) mild acidosis |
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|
Term
| What is the most important inhibitory factor to breathing during NREM sleep? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is a major cause of sleep-disordered breathing? |
|
Definition
| breathing instability produced by hypocapnic-apneic threshold and by arousals and hypoxia |
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Term
| Apnea-hypopnea index/ respiratory disturbance index is calculated by? |
|
Definition
| total number of apneas and hypopneas divided by hours of sleep |
|
|
Term
| sleep apnea that is healthy is defined as? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What AHI level is often quoted as threshold for sleep-disordered breathing? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| snoring increases the likelihood of developing what two disorders? |
|
Definition
1) HBP
2) Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
Term
| What are three genetic factors that predispose persons to sleep-disorders |
|
Definition
1) Head morphology (short mandible, round head)
2) Obesity
3) alcoholism |
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors for central sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
1) increased age
2) male
3) low BMI
4) prior stroke
5) CVD
6) hypothyroidism
7) renal failure |
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|
Term
| Signature feature of central sleep apnea and how is it defined? |
|
Definition
1) cheyne-Stokes breathing
2) crescendo-decresendo breathing pattern followed by apnea for 30 seconds |
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|
Term
| supplemental oxygen does what 3 things for central sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
1) reduces severity of cheyne-stokes respirations
2) decreases urinary catecholamine levels
3) improves exercise capacity |
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|
Term
| What is the strongest risk factor for OSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the overall pathopysiology of OSA? |
|
Definition
| narrowing and collapsing of pharynx primarily due to obesity |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
SHARP PHIGERS
Snoring
Head Ache
Rvh
Polycythemia
Pulmonary HTN
Htn
Impotence
Gerd
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Restless Sleep |
|
|
Term
| What are the major presenting symptoms of OSA? |
|
Definition
1) self-reported snoring
2) Excessive daytime sleepiness |
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|
Term
| What is the gold standard for diagnostic testing of OSA? |
|
Definition
| overnight polysomnography |
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|
Term
| What are two important tx for OSA? |
|
Definition
1) weight reduction
2) CPAP |
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|
Term
| What is the only surgery that routinely eliminates OSA? |
|
Definition
| bypass of anatomic obstruction /c tracheostomy |
|
|
Term
| What med is approved for OSA? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are 6 other disorders associated with sleep-disturbed breathing? |
|
Definition
1) Asthma
2) Upper airway disease
3) COPD
4) Interstitial lung disease
5) Neuromuscular disorders
6) Kyphoscoliosis |
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