Physical features/ Climate of the Great Plains

USII 2a

Flatlands

Land eroded by wind & water

Low rainfall

Frequent Dust storms

Because of new technologies, people saw the Great Plains not as a “treeless wasteland” but as a vast area to be settled.                    USII 2a

How did people adapt to life in challenging environments?

USII 2a

How did people’s perceptions and use of the Great Plains change after the Civil War?

USII 2a

Inventions/adaptions/TECHNOLOGY that helped the Great Plains

USII 2a

Barbed wire

Beef cattle raising

Steel Plows

Sod Houses

Dry Farming

Wheat farming

Windmills       USII 2a

How did advances in transportation link resources, products, and markets?

USII 2B

How did advances in transportation link resources, products, and markets?(3)

USII.2b

1. Moving natural resources (e.g. copper & lead) to eastern factories

2. Moving iron ore deposits to sites of steel mills (Pittsburgh)

3. Transportating finished products to national markets    USII.2b

Manufacturing areas were clustered near centers of population.

• Textile industry: New England

 • Automobile industry: Detroit

• Steel industry: Pittsburgh            USII.2b

What is one way of grouping the 50 states?

USII.2c

Can group by states. A state is an example of a political region. States may be grouped as part of different regions, depending upon the criteria used, such as geography.

USII.2c

What are some examples of cities that historically have had political, economic, and/or cultural significance to the development of the United States?

2c

·      Northeast: New York, Boston, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia

·      Southeast: Washington, D.C., Atlanta, New Orleans

·      Midwest: Chicago, St. Louis, Detroit

·      Southwest: San Antonio, Santa Fe

·      Western (Rocky Mountains): Denver, Salt Lake City

·      Pacific: San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle

Noncontiguous: Juneau, Honolulu

What are the basic provisions of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution of the United States?

USII.3a

What does the 13th amendment guarantee?

USII.3a

·     The 13th Amendment bans slavery in the United States and all of its territories.               USII.3a

What does the 14th amendment say?

USII.3a

·     The 14th Amendment grants citizenship to all persons born in the United States and guarantees them equal protection under the law.                                  

What does the 15th amendment say? 

USII.3a

·     The 15th Amendment ensures all citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

What were the Reconstruction policies for the South like? 

USII.3b

The Reconstruction policies were harsh and created problems in the South. Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the freedom that former enslaved African Americans had achieved.

USII.3b

What were the Reconstruction policies for the South? (5)

USII.3b

·     Southern military leaders could not hold office.

·     African Americans could hold public office.

·     African Americans gained equal rights as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which also authorized the use of federal troops for its enforcement.

·     Northern soldiers supervised the South.

·     The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South. 

USII.3b

What was a "carpetbagger"?

USII.3b

A northerner who came south after the Civil War to take advantage of the defeated southerners.

USII.3b 

Why was the Freedman's Bureau established?

USII.3b

·     The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South. 

USII.3b

What brought about the end ofReconstruction? 

USII.3b 

·     Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876.

·     Federal troops were removed from the South.

Rights that African Americans had gained were lost through “Jim Crow” laws.

USII.3b

What were the lasting impacts of the actions of Abraham Lincoln?

US II 3c

·      Reconstruction plan calling for reconciliation

·      Preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South

What were the lasting impacts of the actions of Robert E. Lee?

US II 3c

·      Urged Southerners to reconcile with Northerners at the end of the war and reunite as Americans when some wanted to continue to fight

·      Became president of Washington College, which is now known as Washington and Lee University

What were the lasting impacts of the actions of  Frederick Douglass?

US II 3c

·      Fought for adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights

• Was a powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties for all

Why did westward expansion occur after the Civil War?  (5)

USII.4a

·     Opportunities for land ownership

·     Technological advances, including the Transcontinental Railroad

·     Possibility of obtaining wealth, created by the discovery of gold and silver

·     Desire for adventure

·     Desire for a new beginning for former enslaved African Americans

USII.4a

How did the lives of American Indians change with western expansion?

USII. 4a

·     Opposition by American Indians to westward expansion (Battle of Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull, Geronimo)

·     Forced relocation from traditional lands to reservations (Chief Joseph, Nez Percé)

·     Reduced population through warfare and disease (Battle of Wounded Knee)

·     Assimilation attempts and lifestyle changes (e.g., reduction of buffalo population)

Reduced their homelands through treaties that were broken

What challenges faced Americans as a result of these social and technological changes?

USII. 4b

Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods and tenements. USII.4b

USII.4b

Why did immigration increase? (4 reasons)

·     Hope for better opportunities

·     Desire for religious freedom

·     Escape from oppressive governments

·     Desire for adventure

USII.4b

Which group of immigrants faced the greatest discrimination at this time?

USII.4b

Chinese and Irish

USII.4b

What efforts were made to solve the immigration problems?

USII.4b

·     Settlement houses, such as Hull House founded by Jane Addams

·     Political machines that gained power by attending to the needs of new immigrants (e.g., jobs, housing)

USII.4b

Reasons why cities developed: (3 reasons)

USII.4b

·     Specialized industries, including steel (Pittsburgh) and meat packing (Chicago)

·     Immigration to America from other countries

·     Movement of Americans from rural to urban areas for job opportunities

USII.4b

What is racial segregation?

USII.4c

·     Based upon race

·     Directed primarily against African Americans, but other groups also were kept segregated

·     American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924.

USII.4c

How were African Americans discriminated against?

USII.4c

Jim Crow laws were passed to discriminate against African Americans:

·     Were characterized by unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government

USII.4 c

Why was the passage of "Jim Crow" laws so significant?

USII.4c

•  Made discrimination practices legal in many communities and states
• “Jim Crow” laws institutionalized a system of legal segregation.               USII.4c

How did African Americans respond to discrimination and “Jim Crow”?

USII.4c

African Americans differed in their responses to discrimination and “Jim Crow.”

·     Booker T. Washington: Believed equality could be achieved through vocational education; accepted social segregation

• W.E.B. DuBois: Believed in full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans                                       USII.4c

What created the rise in big business?

USII4.d

Reasons for the rise and prosperity of big business

·     National markets created by transportation advances

·     Captains of industry (John D. Rockefeller, oil; Andrew Carnegie, steel; Cornelius Vanderbilt, shipping and railroads)

·     Advertising

·     Lower-cost production               USII4.d

What factors caused the growth of industry?

USII.4d

Factors that resulted in growth of industry

·     Access to raw materials and energy

·     Availability of work force due to immigration

·     Inventions

·     Financial resources                 USII4.d

What are three examples of big business?

USII.4d

Examples of big business

·     Railroads

·     Oil

·     Steel                      USII.4d

What inventions created great change and industrial growth in the United States?

USII4d

Inventions that contributed to great change and industrial growth

·     Electric lighting and mechanical uses of electricity (Thomas Edison)

·     Telephone service (Alexander Graham Bell)   USII.4d

Inventions had both positive and negative effects on society.

How did industrialization and the rise in big business influence life on American farms?

USII.4d

Between the Civil War and World War I, the United States was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation.           USII.4d

Postwar changes in farm and city life

·     Mechanization (e.g., the reaper) reduced farm labor needs and increased production.

·     Industrial development in cities created increased labor needs.

Industrialization provided new access to consumer goods (e.g., mail order).  USII.4d

Negative effects of industrialization

·     Child labor

·     Low wages, long hours

·     Unsafe working conditions           USII.4e

The effects of industrialization led to the rise of organized labor and important workplace reforms.

Rise of organized labor brought about by unhappy workers:

·     Formation of unions: Growth of American Federation of Labor

·     Strikes: Aftermath of Homestead Strike           USII.4e

Progressive Movement

USII.4e

What workplace reforms did the Progressive Movement bring about?

USII.4e

Progressive Movement workplace reforms

·     Improved safety conditions

·     Reduced work hours

·     Placed restrictions on child labor               USII.4e

·     Increased educational opportunities

·     Attained voting rights (suffrage)  USII.4e

–    Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton worked for women’s suffrage.

USII.4e

·     Composed of groups opposed to the making and consuming of alcohol   USII.4e

·     Protection of American business interests in Cuba

·     American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from Spain

·     Rising tensions between Spain and the United States as a result of the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor

·     Exaggerated news reports of events (yellow journalism)  USII 5a 

Economic interests and public opinion often influence United States involvement in international affairs.

·     The United States emerged as a world power.

·     Cuba gained independence from Spain.

The United States gained possession of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.

The United States emerged as a world power as a result of victory over Spain in the Spanish American War.

USII 5a

What were Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign polices? USII.5b

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

·     asserted the United States’ right to interfere in the economic matters of other nations in the Americas

·     claimed the United States’ right to exercise international police power

advocated Big Stick Diplomacy (building the Panama Canal).

Why did the US enter WWI (the Great War)?

 USII 5c

1. US economic and political ties to Great Britain 2. german submarine warfare- sinking of the Lusitania 3. the Zimmermann Telegram    

USII 5c

Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia and Belgium and eventually the United States

 USII 5c

Who were the Central Powers? USII.5c

Central Powers

·     German Empire

·     Austro-Hungarian Empire

·     Bulgaria

·     Ottoman Empire                      USII.5c

·     At the end of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson prepared a peace plan known as the Fourteen Points that called for the formation of the League of Nations, a peacekeeping organization.  USII.5c

What are the results of improved transportation brought by affordable automobiles? (4 results)

USII 6a

•   Greater mobility
•   Creation of jobs
• Growth of transportation-related industries (road construction, oil, steel, automobile)
•  Movement to suburban areas                                               USII 6a

Who invented the airplane

USII 6a

The Wright Brothers

USII 6a

Use of the assembly line and the rise of mechanization          USII.6a

What communication changes came about at this time?                      USII 6a

1. increased availability of telephones
2. development of radio and Broadcast Industry
3. Development of movies          USII.6a

1. Labor saving devices:  washing machine, electric stoves, water pumps
2. Electric lighting
3. entertainment (radio)
4. improved communications           USII.6a

Define prohibition  

USII 6b

What are 2 results of Prohibition?

USII 6b

1. Speakeasies

2. Bootlegging

Repealed by the 21st amendment      USII.6b

Reforms in the early twentieth century could not legislate how all people behaved.    USII.6b

During the early 1900's, why did many African Americans migrate north and west?

The Great Migration

USII 6b

1. jobs in the south were scarce and low paying
2. African Americans faced discrimination and violence in the south
3. moved to cities for better employment
4. African Americans also faced discrimination and violence in the north and midwest              USII 6b

No, African Americans also faced discrimination and violence in the north                    USII 6b

Who was a famous artist during the 1920's and 1930's?  

USII 6c

 Art—Georgia O’Keeffe, an artist known for urban scenes and, later, paintings of the Southwest                      USII 6c

Who were the leaders in literature during the 1920's and 1930's?  

USII 6c

USII 6c

·         Literature—F. Scott Fitzgerald, a novelist who wrote about the Jazz Age of the 1920s; John Steinbeck, a novelist who portrayed the strength of  poor migrant workers during the 1930s

Who were the leaders in music during the 1920's and 1930's?  

USII 6c

USII 6c

 Music—Aaron Copland and George Gershwin, composers who wrote uniquely American music

How did the Harlem Renaissance influence American life?

USII 6c

African American artists, writers, and musicians based in Harlem revealed the freshness and variety of African American culture.

 The leaders of the Harlem Renaissance drew upon the heritage of African American culture to establish themselves as powerful forces for cultural change.

USII 6c

 Who was the leader in art during the Harlem Renaissance?   

USII 6c

USII 6c

Art—Jacob Lawrence, painter who chronicled the experiences of the Great Migration north through art

Who was the leader in  literature during the Harlem Renaissance?   

USII 6c

USII 6c

Literature—Langston Hughes,   poet who combined the experiences of African and American cultural roots

 Who were the leaders in  music during the Harlem Renaissance?  USII 6c

USII 6c

Music—Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong, jazz composers; Bessie Smith, blues singer

The popularity of these artists spread beyond Harlem to the rest of society.  USII6c

The leaders of the Harlem Renaissance drew upon the heritage of African American culture to establish themselves as powerful forces for cultural change

What were the causes of the Great Depression? 

 USII.6d

USII.6d

1. People overspeculated on stocks, using borrowed money that they could not repay when stock prices crashed.
2. The Federal Reserve failed to prevent the collapse of the banking system.
3. High tariffs discouraged international trade.

How did the optimism of the 1920s effect the coming of the Great Depression?  USII 6d

The optimism of the 1920s concealed problems in the American economic system and attitudes about the role of government in controlling the economy.     USII 6d

 How were the lives of Americans affected (or impacted) by the Great Depression?

 USII.6d

A large numbers of banks and businesses failed

One-fourth of workers were without jobs

Large numbers of people were hungry and homeless.

Farmers’ incomes fell to low levels.      USII.6d

The Great Depression had a widespread and severe impact on American life.

 What were the major features of the New Deal?

USII.6d

USII.6d

Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal used government programs to help the nation recover from the Depression. Major features of the New Deal

Social Security

  Federal work program

 Environmental improvement program

 Farm assistance program

Increased rights for labor

How did post-World War I Europe set the stage for World War II? (the causes of WWII)                                      USII.7a

USII.7a

Causes of World War II

Political instability and economic devastation in Europe resulting from World War I

Worldwide depression

High war debt owed by Germany

High inflation

 Massive unemployment

What is Fascism?
USII.7a

USII.7a

Rise of Fascism           

Fascism is a political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied  and nationalism and, often, racism are emphasized.

Political and economic conditions in Europe following World War I led to the rise of fascism and to World War II.  USII.7a

–    Fascist dictators included Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy), and Hideki Tojo (Japan).    USII.7a

–    These dictators led the countries that became known as the Axis Powers.

How did the rise of fascism affect world events following World War I?   USII.7a

The rise of fascism threatened peace in Europe and Asia.      USII.7a

·     Democratic nations (the United States, Great Britain, Canada) were known as the Allies. The Soviet Union joined the Allies after being invaded by Germany.  USII.7a

Gradual change in American policy from neutrality to direct involvement

·     Isolationism (Great Depression, legacy of World War I)

·     Economic aid to Allies

·     Direct involvement in the war                        USII.7a

*As conflict grew in Europe and Asia, American foreign policy evolved from neutrality to direct involvement.

War in the Pacific

·     Rising tension developed between the United States and Japan because of Japanese aggression in East Asia.

·     On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor without warning.

·     The United States declared war on Japan.

Germany declared war on the United States.             USII.7a

• Germany bombed London and the Battle of Britain began.

•  Germany invaded Poland, setting off war in Europe. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations.

• Germany invaded France, capturing Paris.       USII.7b

What order did the events listed above occur?

1.  Germany invaded Poland, setting off war in Europe. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations.
2. Germany invaded France, capturing Paris.
3. Germany bombed London and the Battle of Britain began.                              USII.7b

Why was the Battle of Midway important? 

USII.7b

USII.7b

·         The United States was victorious over Japan in the Battle of Midway. This victory was the turning point of the war in the Pacific.

 Why was the Soviet Union's defeat of Germany at Stalingrad important? 

USII.7b

USII.7b

·         Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union defeated Germany at Stalingrad, marking the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe.

·     Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union defeated Germany at Stalingrad, marking the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe.

·     The United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending World War II.

·     American and other Allied troops landed in Normandy, France, on D-Day to begin the liberation of Western Europe.

What order did these events occur?  USII. 7b

·     Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union defeated Germany at Stalingrad, marking the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe.

·     American and other Allied troops landed in Normandy, France, on D-Day to begin the liberation of Western Europe.

·     The United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending World War II.  USII.7b

Where was D-Day and why was it important? 

USII.7b

USII.7b

·         American and Allied troops landed in Normandy, France, on D-Day to begin the liberation of Western Europe.

 How did the US end the war in the Pacific?

 USII 7b

USII 7b

·         The United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending World War II.

What was the Holocaust?

USII 7b

 USII 7b 

The Holocaust is an example of prejudice and discrimination taken to the extreme.

What tactics did Germany use to rid Europe of all the Jews?

USII 7b

USII 7b

The Holocaust = Anti-Semitism and Aryan supremacy;  it was a systematic attempt to rid Europe of all Jews

Tactics

Boycott of Jewish stores

Threats and   Segregation

  Imprisonment and killing of Jews and others in concentration camps

Liberation by Allied forces of Jews and others in concentration camps

How did Americans at home support the war effort?

USII 7c

American involvement in World War II brought an end to the Great Depression. 

Factories and workers were needed to produce goods to win the war.

Thousands of American women took jobs in defense plants during the war (e.g., Rosie the Riveter).

 Americans at home supported the war by conserving and rationing resources.(Victory Gardens)                                                          

USII 7c

How did the need for wrokers help African Americans? 

USII 7c

USII 7c

The need for workers temporarily broke down some racial barriers (e.g., hiring in defense plants) although discrimination against African Americans continued.

How did the war affect the Japanese Americans in the United States? 

USII 7c

USII 7c

While many Japanese Americans served in the armed forces, others were treated with distrust and prejudice, and many were forced into internment camps.

How did the United States help rebuild postwar Europe and Japan?

USII 8a

1. The United States instituted George C. Marshall’s plan to rebuild Europe (the Marshall Plan), which provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of communism.
2. Germany was partitioned into East and West Germany. West Germany became democratic.  East Germany remained under the domination of the Soviet Union.
3.  Japan was occupied by American forces. It soon adopted a democratic form of government, resumed self-government.                             USII 8a

Why was the United Nations established? 

USII 8a

USII 8a

Establishment of the United Nations

The United Nations was formed near the end of World War II to create a body for the nations of the world to try to prevent future global wars.

USII 8b

What were 5 reasons for rapid growth of American economy following World War II?

USII 8b

Business converted from production of war materials to consumer goods.

Americans purchased goods on credit.

The workforce shifted back to men

Labor unions merged and became more powerful; workers gained new benefits and higher salaries.

As economic prosperity continued and technology boomed, the next generation of women re-entered  the labor force in large numbers

What is the Cold War? 

USII.8c

USII.8c

 Cold War: State of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union without actual fighting that divided the world into two camps

How and why did the Cold War begin?

USII.8c

USII.8c

Origins of the Cold War

·         Differences in goals and ideologies between the United States and the Soviet Union (the two superpowers)—The United States was democratic and capitalist; the Soviet Union was dictatorial and communist.

·         The Soviet Union’s domination over Eastern European countries

·         American policy of containment (to stop the spread of communism)

·         North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) versus Warsaw Pact

 What major conflicts and confrontations involving America in the post-World War II era involved South Korea? How did it end?

USII.8c

USII.8c

·         South Korea and the United States resisted Chinese and North Korean aggression. The conflict ended in a stalemate.

  What major conflict and confrontation involving America in the post-World War II era occurred in Cuba?

USII.8c

USII.8c

·         The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred when the Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba. The Soviets removed the missiles in response to a U.S. blockade.

 What  major conflict and confrontation involving America in the post-World War II era occurred in southeast Asia?

USII.8c

USII.8c

·         The United States intervened to stop the spread of communism into South Vietnam (Domino Theory). Americans were divided over whether the United States should be involved militarily in Vietnam. The conflict ended in a cease-fire agreement in which U.S. troops withdrew.

USII.8c

What are two results of the collapse of Communism in Europe ?

USII.8c

Collapse of Communism in Europe

·         Breakup of the Soviet Union into independent countries

·         Destruction of Berlin Wall

USII.8c

What are three new challenges faced by the US today?

USII.8c

1.  Role of U.S. military intervention
2.  Environmental challenges
3. Global issues, including trade, jobs, diseases

The tension between the free world and the communist world caused divisiveness at home and abroad.  The Cold War was the central organizing principle in foreign affairs for 40 years.  After the end of the Cold War the US was more involved with global issues including the environment, trade, jobs, diseases and energy.

How did Cold War tensions cause divisiveness at home?         USII.8c

·     Americans were divided over whether the United States should be involved militarily in Vietnam. The conflict ended in a cease-fire agreement in which U.S. troops withdrew.  USII.8c

USII.8d

What factors led to changing patterns of society in the post-World War II era?

USII.8d Strong economy (healthy job market, increased productivity, increased demand for American products)

Greater investment in education

The Baby Boom,” which led to changing demographics

Interstate highway system

Evolving role of women (expected to play supporting role in the family, but increasingly working outside the home)

Role of Eleanor Roosevelt in expanding women’s rights

African Americans’ aspirations for equal opportunities

USII.8d

What policies and programs expanded educational and employment opportunities for the military, women, and minorities?

USII.8d

1.  G.I. Bill of Rights gave educational, housing, and employment benefits to World War II veterans.
2. Truman desegregated the armed forces.
3.  Civil Rights legislation led to increased educational, economic, and political opportunities for women and minorities.

Globalization is the linking of nations through trade, information, technologies, and communication.

Globalization involves increased integration of different societies.                   USII.8e

How has globalization impacted American life?

USII8e

1. Improvement of all communications (e.g., travel, telecommunications, Internet
2. Availability of a wide variety of foreign-made goods and services
3. Outsourcing of jobs              USII.8e

What were some effects of segregation on American society?

9a

·

1.    Separate educational facilities and resources for white and African American student
2.   Separate public facilities (e.g., restrooms, drinking fountains, restaurants
3.   Social isolation of races

How did the African American struggle for equality become a mass movement?

9a

·      Opposition to Plessy v. Ferguson: “Separate but equal”

·      Brown v. Board of Education: Desegregation of schools

·      Martin Luther King, Jr.: Passive resistance against segregated facilities; “I have a dream…” speech

·      Rosa Parks: Montgomery bus boycott

·      Organized protests, Freedom Riders, sit-ins, marches

·      Expansion of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

How did the law support the struggle for equality for African Americans?

USII.9a

·      Civil Rights Act of 1964

·      Voting Rights Act of 1965

USII.9a

How were women disadvantaged in the workplace?

USII.9a

Workplace disadvantages:

–    Discrimination against women in hiring practices

–    Lower wages for women than for men doing the same job     USII.9a

What actions were taken to improve conditions for women?

USII.9a

Improved conditions:

–    National Organization for Women (NOW)

–    Federal legislation to force colleges to give women equal athletic opportunities

The Equal Rights Amendment, despite its failure, and a focus on equal opportunity employment created a wider range of options and advancement for women in business and public service.

Which industries benefited the most from the new technologies?

9b

1. ·      Airline industry (jet engine)
2. ·      Automobile industry and interstate highway system
3. ·      Entertainment and news media industries
4. ·      Exploration of space
5. ·      Computer industry
6. ·      Satellite systems, telecommunications (pagers, cell phones, television)
7. ·      Internet

What impact did new technologies have on American life?

9b

·      Increased domestic and international travel for business and pleasure

·      Greater access to news and other information

·      Cheaper and more convenient means of communication

·      Greater access to heating and air-conditioning improved the quality of life and encouraged population growth in certain areas of the country.

Decreased regional variation resulting from nationwide access to the same entertainment and information provided by national television and radio programming, Internet services, and computer games

How have new technologies in communication, entertainment, and business affected American life?

9b

New technologies in communication, entertainment, and business have dramatically affected American life.

9b

How have representative citizens influenced America scientifically?

9c

·      Charles Drew: Medicine (plasma)

·      J. Robert Oppenheimer: Physics (Manhattan Project team)

9c

How have representative citizens influenced America culturally?

9c

·      Frank Lloyd Wright: Architecture

·      Martha Graham: Dance

How have representative citizens influenced America academically?

9c

·      Henry Louis Gates­: History

·      Maya Angelou: Literature

How have representative citizens influenced America economically?

9c

 Bill Gates: Computer technology (Microsoft)

Ray Kroc: Franchising (McDonald’s)

·      Increase in terrorist activities

·      Conflicts in the Middle East

Changing relationships with nations

·      Changing immigration patterns (e.g., Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans)

·      More people want to immigrate to the United States than are allowed by law.

·      Energy issues (dependence on foreign oil)

World health issues (global pandemics)

·      Policies to protect the environment

·      Global climate change

·      Conservation of water and other natural resources