Term
| elongated, dilated, tortuous, superficial veins with congenitally absent valves, or valves that have become incompetent: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the genetics behind vericose veins? |
|
Definition
| has to do with the # and quality of valves persent: X-linked, dominant |
|
|
Term
| 5 risk factors for vericose veins: |
|
Definition
1. pregnancy
2. prolonged standing
3. restrictive clothing
4. obesity
5. liver Dz |
|
|
Term
| in females symptoms of vericose veins are worse during: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. aching
2. cramps
3. edema
4. brown pigmentation
5. fatigue with standing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. elevate legs
2. compression stockings
3. surgery
4. avoid girdles or restrictive clothing
5. if stasis ulcers present use warm wet dressings |
|
|
Term
| why would you not want to take a decent vein from a patients leg? |
|
Definition
| it could be used later in life for a CABG |
|
|
Term
| recomended activity for vericose veins: |
|
Definition
avoid long periods of standing
walking regimen
weight loss |
|
|
Term
| advanced stage of peripheral vascular dz resulting in swelling and ulceration of the lower legs: |
|
Definition
| chronic venous insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| 2 major risk factors for chronic venous insufficiency: |
|
Definition
1. vericose veins
2. obesity |
|
|
Term
| 3 etiologies for chronic venous insuf: |
|
Definition
1. changes secondary to DVT
2. Hx of leg trauma
3. secondary to superficial venous insuf. |
|
|
Term
| 7 S/S of chronic venous insuf: |
|
Definition
1. swelling just above ankle
2. dull discomfort
3. itching
4. pain w ulceration
5. skin thin/shiny
6. brownish pigmentation
7. eczema w superficial weeping dermatitis |
|
|
Term
| 3 measures to control edema with chronic venous insuf: |
|
Definition
1. intermittent elevation of legs during day and all night
2. avoid long periods of sitting or standing
3. compression stockings |
|
|
Term
| 3 Tx for the acute weeping dermatitis: |
|
Definition
1. wet compresses 1hr QID containing boric acid, aluminum acetate, or isotonic saline
2. compresses with corticosteroid cream
3. systemic antibiotics if infection present |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of stasis dermatitis: |
|
Definition
1. acute weeping dermatitis
2. subsiding or chronic dermatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compress of isotonic saline |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs assoc w blood clot: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 etiologies for phlebitis/thrombophlebitis: |
|
Definition
1. bacterial, chemical, mechanical
2. medications
3. lupus
4. genetic |
|
|
Term
| 5 risk factors for phlebitis/thrombophlebitis: |
|
Definition
1. sedentary lifestyle
2. obesity
3. smoking
4. injury
5. pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| 4 S/S of phlebitis/thrombophlebitis: |
|
Definition
erythema
pain/burning
edema
hard vein/chord-like |
|
|
Term
| 5 Tx for phlebitis/thrombophlebitis: |
|
Definition
1. compression stockings
2. anti-inflammatory
3. elevation of affected limb
4. anticoagulants
5. warm compresses |
|
|
Term
| single or multiple clots within the deep veins of the extremities or pelvis: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. limb pain/ache/tightness
2. swelling
3. homan's sign (pain on dorsiflex)
4. palpable tender chord in affected limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. warmth
2. redness
3. fever (septic thrombophlebitis)
4. nontender swelling of superficial v
5. massive edema w cyanosis and ischemia (rare) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Virchow's Triad:
1. stasis
2. injury to vessel wall
3. hypercoagulability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. cellulitis
2. ruptured synovial cyst
3. lymphedema
4. compression of vein by tumor or lymph node
5. pulled/strained/torn muscle |
|
|
Term
| what is the gold standard test for Dx of DVT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what other imaging is used in detection of DVT? |
|
Definition
| B-mode US combo w Doppler flow detection & impedence plethysmography (IPG) |
|
|
Term
| which imaging studies are poor at detecting calf thrombi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evidence of PE, recent Surgery, peptic ulcer Dz, HTN, pregnancy protein C or S deficiency |
|
|
Term
| which DVT patients should be admitted? |
|
Definition
| complicated DVT, noncompliant, no home support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. anticoagulants
2. brief period (1-2d) bed rest
3. elevate legs w edema
4. gradual resumption of normal activity |
|
|
Term
| drug therapy for uncomplicated DVT: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug therapy for complicated DVT: |
|
Definition
1. heparin IV, dosage per aPTT
2. warfarin 1-3d after heparin |
|
|
Term
| if platelets fall below ___ discontinue heparin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which anticoag is contraindicated in pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long do you treat first episode of DVT? subsequent episodes should be treated for: |
|
Definition
| 3-6months. subsequent episodes Tx for at least a yr |
|
|
Term
| 4 contraindications for anticoagulants: |
|
Definition
1. severe active bleeding
2. neurosurgical procedure wn 30d
3. previous adverse rxn
4. pregnancy for warfarin |
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