Term
| What effect does CO2 have on vasoconstriction/vasodilation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect does O2 have on vasoconstriction/vasodilation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect does lactic acid have on vasoconstriction/vasodilation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is active hyperemia? |
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Definition
| temporary increase in blood flow in a local area in response to an increase in tissue metbolism |
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Term
| Which blood vessels have the greatest myogenic contractions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which produce a stronger myogenic contraction, skeletal muscle arterioles or mesenteric arterioles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormones promote vasoconstriction? |
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Definition
Endothelin-1, Thromboxane
ALL OTHERS ARE VASODILATORS |
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Term
| When is coronary blood flow the greatest? |
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Definition
| during diastole (during systole it is compressed, less room for blood to flow through) |
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Term
| What effect does chronic tachycardia have on blood flow? |
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Definition
| will reduce the diastolic (refill) phase, so less time for blood to flow into the myocardium. Will lead to myocardial ischemia over time = further heart failure |
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Term
| Cholinergeic neurons produce ______ which targets ______ receptors |
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Definition
Ach
nicotinic and muscarinic |
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Term
| Where are cholinergic neurons found? |
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Definition
all pre-ganglionic efferent neurons (PNS & SNS)
post-ganglionic neurons of PNS |
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Term
| Adrenergic neurons produce ______ which targets ______ receptos |
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Definition
(nor)epinephrine
alpha & beta adrenoreceptors |
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Term
| Where are beta-1 adrenergic receptors found? What do they do |
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Definition
| in the heart, will increase heart rate |
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Term
| Where are beta-2 adrenergic receptors found? What do they do? |
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Definition
Coronary arterioles, skeletal muscle arterioles
promote vasodilation |
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Term
| Where are adrenergic neurons found (in general) |
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Definition
| post ganglionic neurons of SNS |
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Term
| Where are alpha adrenergic receptors found, and what do they do? |
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Definition
On vascular smooth muscle membranes of arterioles of all organs, most veins
-promote vasoconstriction to increase TPR & systemic blood pressure
-directs more blood flow to critical organs |
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Term
| What innervates alpha adrenergic receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What innervates beta-2 adrenergic receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do muscarinic reeceptors do? |
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Definition
| generally promote vasodilation via release of NO |
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Term
| What are baroreceptors, where are they found? |
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Definition
| special nerve endings in the walls of the carotid sinus & aortic arch, which detect vascular stretch |
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Term
| Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus send information tothe CNS via the _____ nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| Baroreceptors in the aortic arch send information to the CNS via the _____ nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| Decrease in baroreceptor activity will (increase/decrease) sympathetic activity |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the ratio of pre-post ganglionic neurons vary between the SNS and PNS? |
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Definition
SNS
1 pre : many post
PNS
1 pre : 1 post |
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Term
| Which part of the ANS produces a discrete discharge? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the ANS produces a diffuse discharge? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the ANS has short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the ANS has long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the ganglia of the SNS located? PNS? |
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Definition
SNS - close to spinal cord
PNS - close to target organ |
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Term
| In critical tissues, which form of control is predominate, extrinsic or intrinsic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Myogenic response is an example of (extrinsic/intrinsic) control |
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Definition
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Term
| In non-critical tissues, which form of control is predominate, extrinsic or intrinsic? |
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Definition
| extrinsic (neurohormonal) |
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Term
| What type of receptor is essential in the fight/flight response? |
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Definition
| B2 adrenergic (stimulated by epi/norepi) |
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