Term
| Primary function of the CV system |
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Definition
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Term
| How are substances transported throughout the CV system? |
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Definition
Bulk Flow
-movement of blood throughout vessels
-requires energy
Diffusion
-move substances across vessel walls |
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Term
| What generates perfusion pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is transmural pressure? |
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Definition
| difference between pressure inside the vessel vs outside |
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Term
| The driving force for diffusion is... |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect does edema have on diffusion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Deoxygenated blood is brought from the RV to the lungs via.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygenated blood is brought from the lungs to the LA via... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is coronary circulation/ |
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Definition
blood supply to myocardium (heart muscle)
-coronary arteries coming off the aorta feed heart muscle
-coronary sinus collect blood, drains into R atrium |
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Term
True or False
Blood usually encounters just 1 capillary bed before being returned to the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| What systems involve blood encountering multiple capillary beds? |
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Definition
Heptic portal system
(splanchnic intestines to liver)
Renal portal system
(glomerulues -> tubules)
Hypophyseal portal system
(hypothalamus -> anterior pituitary) |
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Term
| Where is there more blood, in central circulation or systemic circulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within systemic circulation, where is there more blood. In arteries/arterioles, capilarries or veins/venules? |
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Definition
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Term
| As you move from aorta to capillaries, blood flow velocity (increases/decreases) |
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Definition
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Term
| As you move from aorta to capillaries, total cross sectional area (increases/decreases) |
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Definition
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Term
| As you move from capillaires to vena cava, vessel numbers (increases/decreases) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are conduit vessels? |
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Definition
| vessels that do not offer a lot of resistance to blood flow (aorta & large arteries) |
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Term
True or False
Arterioles have the greatest resistance to flow |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of vessels are compliance vessels? |
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Definition
venules and veins
-very distensible, blood can be added with little change in pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| change in volume / change in distending pressure |
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Term
| ______ act as pressure reservoirs for the body |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ act as blood reservoirs for the body |
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Definition
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Term
| What is poiseuille's law? |
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Definition
Resistance = change in pressure / flow
=8nL / pi*r^4 |
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Term
| What is total peripheral resistance? |
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Definition
net resistance of the entire systemic circulation
TPR = (mean aortic pressure - vena cava pressure) / cardiac output |
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Term
| Why would total peripheral resistance be elevated in the case of severe hemorrhage or dehydration? |
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Definition
| -vasoconstriction in arterioles of non-critical organs so that blood flow is diverted to critical ones, and minimize loss in blood pressure due to low BV |
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Term
| What effect would you see on cardiac output, in the event of severe hemorrhage or dehydration? |
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Definition
| CO will drop because less blood will be returned to the heeart |
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Term
| Explain the phrase "arterial pressure is pulsatile" |
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Definition
When blood is ejected from the heart, pressure in the aorta and pulmonary arteries will increase to a max (systolic pressure)
Between cardiac ejections, blood continuous to flow out of the vessels and pressure decreases until the next ejection (diastolic pressure) |
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Term
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Definition
| Amplitude of pressure pulsations between Systolic pressure & Diastolic pressure |
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Term
| How can you assess pulse pressure? |
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Definition
| palpate a peripheral artery |
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Term
| What effect does a decrease in heart rate have on pulse pressure? |
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Definition
| increases pulse pressure, because the pressure in the aorta drops between cardiac ejections. So the longer this time is, the greater the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
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