Term
| A _____ is the gaseous phase of a substance that is ______ at room temp and atmospheric pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid state. This is dependent on temperature. |
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Definition
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Term
| A vapor is said to be saturated when the movement of molecules _________. |
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Definition
| entering or leaving a liquid are equal |
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Term
| Applying heat to a liquid will cause the vapor pressure to increase/decrease. |
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Definition
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Term
| Vapor pressure is dependent/independent of atmospheric pressure. Boiling point is dependent/independent of atmospheric pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| Vapor pressure is dependent on the physical properties of the ______ and on _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Boiling point is higher/lower with increases in altitude (decreasing barometric pressure). |
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Definition
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Term
| The boiling point for Desflurane is greater than/less than the boiling point for Isoflurane. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F the partial pressure of a gas is affected by the total pressure above the liquid. |
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Definition
| F. Partial pressures of a gas only depends on the temperature of the gas. |
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Term
| Partial pressure/volumes % is the relative ratio of gas molecules. |
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Definition
| Volumes %. Partial pressure is the absolute value of a gas |
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Term
| What is the formula to determine volumes %? |
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Definition
| (partial pressure/total pressure) x 100 |
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Term
| What two terms are used to describe the concentration of a gas or vapor? |
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Definition
| partial pressure and volumes% |
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Term
| _______ is the number of calories to change 1 GM or 1 mL of a liquid into a vapor. |
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Definition
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Term
| It's because of this property that we need a heater for Desflurane...otherwise, it would become too cool. |
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Definition
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Term
| Temperature decreases from the heat of vaporization can cause vaporizer output to _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is the amount of calories (heat) needed to raise the temp of 1 GM or 1 mL of a substance by 1 degree centigrade. |
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Definition
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Term
| Vaporizers made from materials with high specific heat cause the temp to change quickly/gradually. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is the measure of SPEED with which heat flows through a substance. |
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Definition
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Term
| Copper/bronze have a high/low thermal conductivity |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a vaporizer change a liquid into a vapor? |
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Definition
| By controlling the temperature. |
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Term
| How does a vaporizer produce clinically significant concentrations of the anesthetic? |
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Definition
It does this by 2 ways:
1.Splitting the gas flow IN the vaporizer
2.Diluting the gas AFTER it passes through the vaporizing chamber |
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Term
| A concentration-calibrated vaporizer is AKA ________ and ______ vaporizer |
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Definition
| variable bypass (Cert exam), tec-type |
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Term
| This maximizes the surface area of CARRIER GAS to the liquid agent. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ exits the vaporizer chamber and combines with _______ in the ______. The vaporized mixture then flows out of the _____ and into the _____. |
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Definition
Saturated carrier gas, fresh gas, bypass channel.
Manifold, common gas outlet |
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Term
| The bi-metallic strip acts as a ___________________, regardless of temperature changes. |
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Definition
| thermostatically controlled valve |
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Term
| This splits the gas into 2 streams. |
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Definition
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Term
| High temperatures cause the pressure to increase, causing the bi-metallic strip to lean to the _____. This allows for more flow through the bypass chamber/vaporizer. |
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Definition
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Term
| Applying heat shifts the liquid:gas equilibrium so that more molecules enter the ____ phase. This increases/decreases the vapor pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| A carrier gas will shift the liquid:gas equilibrium so that more molecules enters the ______ phase, because vapor will be _______. |
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Definition
| gas, carried away from the system |
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Term
| _______ is the temperature where the VAPOR pressure = atmospheric pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| A variable bypass vaporizer is a type of vaporizer ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a variable bypass vaporizer, the concentration dial splits the gas to go to the ______ and the ______. |
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Definition
| Vaporizer, bypass chamber |
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Term
| In a cold OR using a variable bypass vaporizer, the VP decreases, and causes the bi-metallic strip to lean to the _____, allowing more gas to enter the ______. The net effect is _______through the vaporizing chamber. |
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Definition
Left, vaporizer
constant flow |
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Term
| If you're doing a pediatric, burn or trauma case with a variable bypass vaporizer, what way would you expect the bi-metallic strip to lean? |
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Definition
| To the right. Usually with these cases, the OR is warm. |
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Term
| What type of vaporizers are illegal to use in the US? |
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Definition
| Vernitrol (kettle-type, flowmetered, flowmetered-controlled vaporizer, measured flow vaporizer) |
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Term
| The _____ serves as a passageway for fresh gas to flow. |
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Definition
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Term
| Vaporizers are installed on a pair of two-way ______ located in the vaporizer manifold. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is closed when the vaporizer is off or is not installed on the manifold? |
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Definition
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Term
| The purpose of the port valves is to prevent gas from _____ into the _____ or into an _______. |
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Definition
| escaping, room, unused vaporizer |
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Term
| Fresh gas flows from the manifold into the inlet/outlet port valve. Mixed gas flows from the bypass channel and into the manifold via the inlet/outlet port valve. |
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Definition
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Term
| What could happen if a vaporizer is not mounted securely onto the manifold? |
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Definition
| Gas could escape into the room. |
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Term
| If the vaporizer is not locked down to the manifold, can you turn the concentration dial? |
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Definition
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Term
| What prevents against accidentally brushing past and turning on a vaporizer? |
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Definition
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Term
| The interlocking rods, located in the manifold/vaporizer works in conjunction with _________ located on the vaporizer. |
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Definition
vaporizer, dial release button.
The dial release button pushes out the rods to its side, preventing an adjacent vaporizer from being turned on. |
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Term
| An interlock sidebar is associated with a _____ station manifold, and is located on the vaporizer/manifold. |
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Definition
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Term
| Intermittent back pressure is AKA the _____. This occurs during _____ ventilation in the inspiratory/expiratory phase and is transmitted from the _____ to the ____. |
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Definition
pumping effect
assisted or controlled, inspiratory, breathing system, vaporizer |
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Term
| The pumping effect is generated by these three sources. |
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Definition
The positive pressure from:
1.The ventilator
2.The breathing bag
3.O2 flush valve |
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Term
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Definition
| the pumping effect and the pressurizing effect |
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Term
| Intermittent backpressure may ________ vaporizer output. |
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Definition
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Term
| The pumping effect causes higher/lower concentrations of the vaporizer output to be delivered. This is due to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The pumping effect is more pronounced at _______, ______, and ________. |
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Definition
| low flow rates, low dial rates, low levels of agent in the vaporizer |
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Term
| The pumping effect is more pronounced at ______, _______ and ________. |
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Definition
low flow rates
low dial rates
low levels of agent in vaporizer |
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Term
| The pressuring effect causes a increased/decreased vaporizer output due to an ______ volume of carrier gas. This causes an increased/decreased atmospheric pressure within the vaporizer and will increase/decrease the vaporization. |
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Definition
decreased, increased
increased, decrease |
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Term
| The pressuring effect is greater with ______, ________, and _______. |
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Definition
High gas flows
Low dial settings
Large changes in pressure |
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Term
| Both the pumping effect and the pressurizing effect increase with _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 GE vaporizers have minimized the backpressure effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Drager vaporizer has minimized the backpressure effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ vaporizers are the most commonly used vaporizers in this country and are on GE/Drager machines. |
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Definition
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Term
| A blue vaporizer should have what gas? |
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Definition
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Term
| An orange vaporizer should have what gas? |
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Definition
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Term
| A yellow vaporizer should have what gas? |
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Definition
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Term
| A purple vaporizer should have what gas? |
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Definition
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Term
| A red vaporizer should have what gas? |
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Definition
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Term
| The tec 4 vaporizer can hold what 3 anesthetics? |
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Definition
| Halothane, Iso and Enflurane |
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|
Term
Tec 4 vaporizer:
How much agent?
Recalibration time?
How is it filled? |
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Definition
125 mL
yearly
various methods for filling. It is unsafe and is being phased out because of this. |
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Term
Tec 5:
What agents?
volume?
Filling? |
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Definition
All but Des
300 mL (about 2x tec 4)
Safer because it uses a key and a lever. However, it can deliver a high concentration if it's filled while in use. |
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|
Term
Tec 6 and Tec 6 Plus
Agents?
Volume?
Recalibration? |
|
Definition
Desflurane only (heated and pressurized).
400 mL
Recalibrate tec 6 every 2 years, Tec 6 Plus as needed |
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|
Term
| Which vaporizer has an alarm to let you know you're running low on agent? |
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Definition
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Term
| After filling the Tec 6 or Tec 6 Plus, what must you do before being able to deliver the agent? |
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Definition
| wait for the vaporizer to warm up (green LED) before delivering Desflurane |
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Term
| On a Tec 6 and Tec 6 Plus vaporizer, the concentration dial goes up to what %? |
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Definition
| 18%. However, to go above 12%, you must push in the dial release button on the back. |
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Term
| On a Tec 6 and Tec 6 Plus vaporizer, it must reach the correct temp before the ______ can be set. |
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Definition
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Term
| On a Tec 6 and Tec 6 Plus vaporizer, vaporized gas will not flow until the correct _______ is reached in the vaporizer. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does the Desflurane vaporizer not need a wicking system? |
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Definition
| Because it saturates the carrier gas quickly |
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Term
| On a tec 6 vaporizer, the concentration dial cannot be turned on when this color light is in use. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The "low agent" light and alarm will come on when the amount of Desflurane in a Tec 6 vaporizer is at what level? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the purpose of the 9-volt battery in the Tec 6 and Tec 6 Plus vaporizer? |
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Definition
| To provide auditory and visual alarms in case the main power fails. |
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Term
| What happens when the alarm battery runs low? |
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Definition
| A light comes on (but there is no audible alarm) |
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Term
| The alarm silence button on the Tec 6 or Tec 6 Plus will silence the ___ ____ ____ or the ___ ____ alarms. |
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Definition
| Low agent level, no output |
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Term
| The "no output" alarm on the tec 6 or tec 6 Plus comes on when there is _____, with _____ or with vaporizer _____. |
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Definition
| no agent, tilting, malfunction |
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|
Term
Tec 7
What agents?
volume of agent?
Recalibration? |
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Definition
All but Des
300 mL (like Tec 5)
No recommended maintenance period |
|
|
Term
Penlon sigma delta
What agents?
What type of filling?
Concentration dial location? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the only vaporizer that can be filled while in use? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Penlon Alpha
What agents?
Battery life? |
|
Definition
Desflurane
30 mins
(also, digital display) |
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Term
| Which vaporizer can be used on either Ohmeda or Drager machines? |
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Definition
| Penlon Sigma; similar to Tec vaporizers |
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Term
| What vaporizer can be used with all of the volatile agents? It is found on the _____ machine. |
|
Definition
The Aladin cassette
Datex AS/3 Anesthesia Delivery Unit |
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|
Term
| The Aladin Cassette can be ____ and ____ in any position. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 2 "tippible" vaporizers. |
|
Definition
| Aladin Cassette and the Vaporizer 2000 |
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|
Term
| This vaporizer has a dual circuit splitting ratio. |
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Definition
| Tec 6 (Datex-Ohmeda). The carrier gas is not split. |
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|
Term
| These 4 vaporizers have a variable-bypass splitting ratio. |
|
Definition
| Tec 4, Tec 5, Sevotec, Aladin |
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|
Term
| These 2 Drager vaporizers have a variable bypass splitting ratio. |
|
Definition
Drager Vapor 19.n
Vapor 2000 (tippible) |
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|
Term
| T/F: The Aladin Cassette requires added heat for Desflurane like with the Tec 6 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the method of vaporization for the Tec 4, Tec 5, Sevotec, Aladin, Drager Vapor 19.n and the Vapor 2000? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the method of vaporization for the Tec 6? |
|
Definition
| Gas/vapor blender, or heat injection |
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|
Term
| Which is a variable temperature compensation...Aladin or Tec 6? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vaporizer does not split the carrier gas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The outlet/inlet arrangement of the Vapor 19 protects against the _______. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the two keyed vaporizers. |
|
Definition
| Tec 5 and Penlon Sigma Delta |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 vaporizers that can use Desflurane. |
|
Definition
| Tec 6, Tec 6 Plus, Aladin, Penlon Alpha |
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|
Term
| On this vaporizer, one must turn the dial from "0" to "T". |
|
Definition
| Vapor 2000. A way to remember this is that it is one of 2 tippable vaporizers. |
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|
Term
| Which type of filing system is the most unsafe? |
|
Definition
| The funnel fill system, like on the Tec 4 |
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|
Term
| Vaporizers with a key fill mechanism come with a special adapter that _____ onto the bottle. The base of the adapter has slots that fit the _____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How are the Key-filled adapters and the Easy-fill adapters similar? |
|
Definition
| They both have the same cap base that mounts on the agent bottle. |
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|
Term
| Simply _____ a vaporizer from the incorrect agent is not a reliable method to empty the vaporizer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 steps should you take if a vaporizer has been filled with an incorrect agent? |
|
Definition
1. Drain the vaporizer
2. Discard the liquid
3. Flow fresh gas through it until no agent is detected in the outflow (may take awhile) |
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|
Term
| Tipping a vaporizer can cause a high concentration of gas to be delivered to a pt, because the extra liquid agent may enter either the _____ or the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If tipping is suspected, run flows into the vaporizer until only some/none of the agent is detected. If the vaporizer is filled with the incorrect agent, run gas through the vaporizer until only some/none of the gas is detected. |
|
Definition
| some (ie, not excessive amounts), none |
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|
Term
| You've accidentally tipped the Desflurane vaporizer (the Tec 6 or Penlon Alpha), what should you do? (Flows, % dial) |
|
Definition
Set the concentration dial to 1-2%
Run flows at 8-10L/min and wait until the monitor reads that only 2% of the agent is being delivered. |
|
|
Term
| Where might extra anesthetic gas be found if a vaporizer is overfilled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reverse flow of a vaporizer is usually due to a _________ and will increase/decrease the output concentration. |
|
Definition
| plumbing misconnection after maintenance, increase |
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|
Term
| If the concentration dial is left in the "on" position from a previous provider and you do not do a proper machine check, what could happen to the pt? |
|
Definition
| You may preoxygenate them with gas instead of 100% O2. |
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|
Term
| A common cause of a vapor leak into the fresh gas line, aside from overfilling is ______. |
|
Definition
| Failure to replace/tighten the filler cap |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Most newer vaporizers have their filling port positioned to prevent overfilling. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is considered to be a contaminant in the vaporizing chamber and can lead to _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proper preventive maintenance of vaporizers should decrease the likelihood of ______ to fresh gas flow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What could happen if you unscrew the cap to the Tec 4 while it's in use? |
|
Definition
| The agent may fly up in your face. |
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