Term
| Where is the mitral valve located |
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Definition
| between the left atrium and left ventrile |
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Term
| What does mitral stenosis cause |
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Definition
1. Abnormal emptying of the LA into the LV during diastole 3. Pressure gradient is created |
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Term
| Mitral stenosis causes _____ murmur after _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the number one cause of Mitral Stenosis |
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Definition
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Term
| In mitral stenosis an increase pressure leads to _____ |
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Definition
| Enlargement of the atrium |
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Term
| Name the 3 hemodynamic that go wrong in Mitral stenosis |
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Definition
1. Obstruction of blood flow 2. Increase blood acceleration 3. Reduced CO |
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Term
| What happens to Stroke Volume in mitral stenosis |
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Definition
| Increased due ejecting blood at a higher pressure |
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Term
| Describe the pathophysiology for Left atrial hypertension in Mitral stenosis |
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Definition
| Blood goes back into the Left atrium due to no valve and causes Plumonary hypertension |
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Term
| What are the effects of Left atrial HTN |
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Definition
1. Dyspnea 2. Pulmonary edema 3. Hemoptysis 4. RH failure |
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Term
| Name the two types of Pulmonary hypertension |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in Passive Pulmonary hypertension |
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Definition
1. Increasee in pumonary artery pressure to preserve blood flow 2. Hyperplasia of theintima in smaller arterial vessels |
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Term
| What happens in reactive pulmonary HTN |
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Definition
1. Increase arterial pressure impedes blood flow into the pulmonary bed & reduces capillary hydrostatic Pressure 2. RV pumps against increased resistance that leads to hypertrophy |
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Term
| How do you manage Mitral Stenosis |
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Definition
1. Beta blockers to reduce effect of obstruction 2. Relieve congestion w/ Diuretics |
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Term
| Mitral Regurgitation causes a ______ murmur |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to preload in the PV loop in mitral reguritation |
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Definition
| Shifts to the right due to increased preload |
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Term
| What are the 3 causes of Mitral reguritation |
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Definition
1. leaflet abnormalities 2. Subvalvular apparatus 3. Annular Dilatation |
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Term
| Describe the effect of Acute MR on the left atrium and ventricle |
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Definition
Left atrium Increased LA vol lead to increased LA pressure to prevent reguritation, this pressure is transmitted bdack to the pulmonary cirulation resulting in pulmonary congestion & edema Left ventricle Increasing sarcomere stretch to accommodate increase in volume, this results in increase LV volume and decrease AL |
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Term
| What happens in chronic compensated MR |
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Definition
| left ventricle gets bigger |
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Term
| Describe the effects of Chronic compensated MR on the left atrium |
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Definition
| the left atrium increases in size & compliance to lessen the effects of reguritation on pulmonary circulation this leads to near normal LA & pulmonary pressure but low CO |
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Term
| Describe the effects of Chronic compensated MR on the left ventricle |
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Definition
| Hypertrophy leads to increase in diastolic volume at low P and increase CO to near normal levels |
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Term
| What happens in Chronic decompensated MR |
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Definition
| Left ventricle can no longer push blood foward and LA cannot strech so you get decline in CO and signs of HF |
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Term
| How would a heart w/ MR look like on CXR |
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Definition
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Term
| Aortic Stenosis causes a ______ murmur |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the causes of Aortic Stenosis |
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Definition
1. Congenital 2. Acquired -Rheumatic -Degenerative |
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Term
| What's the pathphysiology in Aortic Stenosis |
|
Definition
1. Obstruction of blood flow from LV to aorta 2. Increased LV P 3. Mitral reguritation |
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Term
| Describe the LV compensation in aortic stenosis |
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Definition
1. Decreased compliance (LA hypertrophy) 2. Angina 3. Decrease coronary blood flow |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of Aortic Stenosis |
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Definition
1. Angina 2. Syncope during exercise 3. CHF |
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Term
| What's the management for a person w/ Aortic Stenosis |
|
Definition
1. Hypertensives 2. Surgical 3 |
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Term
| Aortic Regurgitation occurs during _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Valve causes of Aortic Regurgitation |
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Definition
1. Congenital bicuspid valve 2. Endocarditis 3. Degenerative aortic valve 4. Syphilis |
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Term
| What are the causes of Aortic Root disease for Aortic Regurgitation |
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Definition
1. Degenerative aortic dilation 2. Cystic medial necrosis 3. Aortic dissection |
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Term
| Describe the pathophysiology of Acute Aortic regurgitation |
|
Definition
| Left Ventricle Pressure rises transmitting P to the LA & pulmonary circulation this leads to dyspnea, pulmonary edemia & decrease CO |
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|
Term
| what's the pathophysiology was Chronic Aortic Regurgitation |
|
Definition
| LV undergoes compensatory adaptation increasing LV end diastolic Pressure and LV hypertrophy |
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Term
| what's the jones criteria for rheumatic heart disease |
|
Definition
FEVERSS 1. Fever 2. Erythema marginatum (macular skin rash) 3. Valvular damage 4. ESR increase 5. Red hot joints (polyarthritis) 6. Subcutaneous nodules 7. St. Vitus dance (chorea-involuntary choreiform movements of the extremities) |
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Term
| Rhumatic fever occurs ____ weeks after strep throat |
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Definition
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Term
| Rheumatic fever is the cross reacting of antibodies against ______ __ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the mitral looks if affected in Rheumatic heart disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Aschoff bodies are seen in |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Occurs in the myocardial interstitum, has a owl eye appearance. Granuloma w/ giant cells |
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Term
| Describe an Anitschkow cell. Where do you see them? |
|
Definition
Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by large histocyes. You see them in Rheumatic heart disease |
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Term
| What are the classic signs of Endocarditis |
|
Definition
FROM JANE 1. Fever 2. Roths spots 3. Osler's nodes 4. Murmur 5. Janeway lesions 6. Anemia 7. Nail-bed hemorrhage 8. Emboli |
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Term
| Which two organisms are associated w/ Acute Endocarditis |
|
Definition
1. S. aureus (50%) 2. S. pyrogenes (35%) |
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Term
| Acute Endocarditis affects which valve in IV drug users |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute endocarditis affects previous _______ valves |
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Definition
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Term
| For acute endocarditis vegetations can form from _______ or ______ or they can ______ the value |
|
Definition
1. Myocardial abscesses 2. Septic emboli 3. Destroy |
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Term
| Subactue bacterial endocarditis affects perviously _______ heart |
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Definition
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Term
| The main organism in Ssbactue bacterial endocarditis is |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of onset does subactue bacterial endocarditis have |
|
Definition
insidious 1. Positive blood cultures 2. Fatigue 3. Low-grade fever w/out chills 4. Splinter hemorrhage |
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Term
| What are the Predisposing factors in subacute bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
Prosthetics Pre-existing valves |
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Term
| What are some complications of Bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
1. Chordae rupture 2. Glomerulonephritis 3. Suppurative pericarditis 4. Emboli |
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Term
| In bacterial endocarditis, which valve is most frequently involved |
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Definition
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Term
| Libman-Sacks endocarditis is called by ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Libman sacks endocarditis affects which sides of the valves |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which valve is most commonly affected in Nonbacterial thrombic endocarditis |
|
Definition
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Term
| Do Libman sacks endocarditis emboli |
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Definition
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