Shared Flashcard Set

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v2
LOL
48
History
10th Grade
01/20/2008

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
War of Spanish Succession
Definition

Also known as Queen Anne’s War, it was a war in which England, Austria, the Dutch Republic, Portugal, and several German and Italian states joined together to prevent the union of the French and Spanish thrones (ended with the Treaty of Utrecht)

 

Term
Voltaire
Definition
a very intelligent philosophe who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech. He used satire against his opponents and targeted the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government
Term
Restoration
Definition
Charles II’s period of rule because he restored the monarchy to England
Term
Concordat
Definition

a formal agreement—especially one between the pope and a government, dealing with the control of Church affairs, one was made between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII and the result was that the government recognized thee influence of the Church, but rejected Church control in national affairs.

Term
Concert of Yurop
Definition
a series of alliances among European nations after Napoleon’s downfall, devised by Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions
Term
Congress of Vienna
Definition
a series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon
Term
King Georges War
Definition

known as this in America, it was known as the War of Austrian Succession in Europe and it was when Frederick II, king of Prussia, sent his army to occupy Silesia, Austria, underestimating the strength of newly appointed monarch Maria Theresa of Austria. Maria Theresa stopped Prussian aggression, but they obtained Silesia (it ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle).

Term
Petition of Right
Definition
a document that Parliament forced Charles I to sign, saying he wouldn’t imprison w/o due cause, wouldn’t levy taxes w/o Parliament’s consent, wouldn’t house soldiers in private homes, and wouldn’t impose martial law during peacetime, however Charles ignored it
Term
Enlightened Despots
Definition
absolute rulers who embraced new Enlightenment ideas and made reforms that reflected the Enlightenment spirit
Term
Edict of Nantes
Definition

Henry IV’s declaration that Huguenots could live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities

 

Term

Cabinet System

(OMG) 

Definition

the cabinet became the link between the monarch and the majority party in Parliament; the cabinet, over time, became the center of power and policymaking, and it is led by the prime minister

Term
Aristotle
Definition
Student of Play-Doh
Term
Baron de Montesquieu
Definition
he wrote a book called On the Spirit of Laws that explained that a separation of powers would not let one group become too powerful. This idea of power being a check to power later became known as checks and balances.
Term
Oliver Cromwell
Definition

emerged as a general for the Puritan supporters of Parliament who could defeat the royalists supporting Charles I as monarch. He took over and established a commonwealth in England, but eventually became a military dictator. He sought to reform society and, although a Puritan, he allowed religious toleration of all except Catholics, even Jews were allowed back in England.

Term
Battle of Lepanto
Definition

emerged as a general for the Puritan supporters of Parliament who could defeat the royalists supporting Charles I as monarch. He took over and established a commonwealth in England, but eventually became a military dictator. He sought to reform society and, although a Puritan, he allowed religious toleration of all except Catholics, even Jews were allowed back in England.

Term
Shi'a
Definition
group of muslims who believe that their leaders should be Muhammads decendents
Term
Denis Diderot
Definition
the founder of the encyclopedia

Term
Mahayana Buddhism
Definition
Sect of Buddhism which worships buddha as a god
Term
Henry IV
Definition

huguenot prince, Henry of Navarre. First king of Bourbon dynasty in France

 

Term
James II
Definition
inherited throne from Charles II. Appointed catholics to high office, violating English policy. Dissolved parliament. Was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution (which was bloodless)
Term
Treaty of Aix-La-Chappele
Definition
treaty ending King Georges’ War (War of Austrian Succession
Term
Copernicus
Definition
he was the first to acknowledge that the geocentric theory was incorrect and came up with the heliocentric theory
Term
Battle of Trafalgar
Definition
this battle was the only major battle lost by Napoleon in his drive for a European empire. This was a naval defeat in which the British commander Horatio Nelson split the larger French fleet, capturing many ships.
Term
Bourbon Dynasty
Definition

started in 1589 when Catherine died and her husband Prince Henry became Henry IV

 

Term

Louis XIX

 

Definition

a weak king who ruled France after Henry IV’s death; however he appointed a strong minister, Cardinal Richilieu, who, in effect, became the ruler of France despite Louis XIII being the monarch

Term
Religious Reformation
Definition

a 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope’s authority

Term
Ivan IV
Definition

Ivan the Terrible. First Russian Czar, had bad childhood due to boyars. Had a good period but then sucked

 

Term
Council of Trent
Definition
part of the reformation of the Catholic Church, agreements on Church doctrines
Term
Plato
Definition
a student of the great Greek philosopher Socrates; he wrote The Republic in which he wished society to be governed by the wisest, not the most powerful
Term
Brunswick
Definition
don’t hurt the French royal family cause if you do Paris will be leveled

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Term
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Definition

Three weeks after the Old Regime was dead and the National Assembly was controlling France, this statement of revolutionary ideals was adopted. It said ‘men are born and remain free and equal in rights” and some of the rights were “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.” Also in document citizens were guaranteed equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion.

Term
William of Orange
Definition
former Dutch Prince, became king of England. Joined League of Augsburg
Term
Patricians
Definition
members of the senate which was part of the legislative branch in the Roman republic. The senate controlled foreign and financial policies and advised the consuls.
Term
Charles II
Definition
was asked to rule by Parliament after the unfavorable rule of Oliver Cromwell. He restored the monarchy, this was called the Restoration. During his reign he passed habeas corpus
Term
Phillip II
Definition

son of Charles V. inherited spain, very religious and defended Catholicism a lot. Answered to the popes call to take up arms against Ottoman Empire

Term
Decree of Fraternity
Definition

this was issued by the National Convention and offered French assistance to any peoples who wished to overthrow their monarchy

 

Term
Sunni
Definition

group of muslims who believe their leaders should follow Muhammads example

Term
Charles I
Definition

inherited the throne after James I, he had many conflicts with Parliament and they forced him to sign the Petition of Right although he ignored it. The English Civil War was fought with supporters and opponents of Charles I

Term
Peace of Augsburg
Definition
agreement in 1555 declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler
Term
James I
Definition

inherited the throne after Queen Elizabeth I, he also unfortunately inherited all the unsettled issues of her reign, and he refused to make Puritan reforms besides agreeing to a new translation of the bible



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Term
Johannes Kepler
Definition
assistant to Tycho Brahe, he continued Brahe’s observations, found out that the planets actually traveled in elliptical orbits, and created Kepler’s laws of planetary motion

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Term
Louis XIV
Definition
assistant to Tycho Brahe, he continued Brahe’s observations, found out that the planets actually traveled in elliptical orbits, and created Kepler’s laws of planetary motion

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Term
Treaty of Utrecht
Definition
treaty ending Queen Anne’s War (War of Spanish Succession)
Term
Balance of Power
Definition
An idea of Metternich’s during the Congress of Vienna, it involved changing things around so that no country would be a threat to others
Term
Theravada Buddhism
Definition
a sect of Buddhism in which the followers did not worship Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) but instead saw him as a teacher, not a deity
Term
Habeus Corpus
Definition

giving every prisoner the right to obtain a document ordering he be brought before a charge and hear the charges agains

 

Term
Concordat
Definition

a formal agreement—especially one between the pope and a government, dealing with the control of Church affairs, one was made between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII and the result was that the government recognized thee influence of the Church, but rejected Church control in national affairs.

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