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V-1 Sec. 4
5Level
86
Computer Science
Professional
09/28/2008

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Cards

Term
Name the three principal types of wire used to transmit communications.
Definition

(1) Paired.

(2) Coaxial.

(3) Shilded cable.

Term
What is the physical characteristic of a paired cable?
Definition

Paired cable consists of two conductors, individually insulated from one another and twisted together. The pair may be twisted together with other pairs and covered with a protective covering.

Term
Which cable system is used with high frequencies and where extended bandwidths are required?
Definition
Coaxial cable.
Term
State the major advantage of using coaxial cable.
Definition

Coaxial cable doesn't radiate or pickup energy to cause interferance.

Term
Where is shielded cable used within the system control facility?
Definition

Use to connect analog-type circuits from the patch bay to the main distribution frame.

Term
Name the four electrical line constants associated with wire and cable communication systems.
Definition

(1) Shunt capacitance.

(2) Series inductance.

(3) Series resistance.

(4) Shunt conductance.

Term
What main factors determine the values of the above-line constants?
Definition

The particular values depend mainly on the physical configuration and the type of material used in the transmission line.

Term
What determines the travel time of a traveling wave through a transmission line?
Definition

Travel time depends on the values of the four fundamental properties of the transmission line.

Term
Explain self-inductance.
Definition

The property of a circuit that causes a counter voltage to be induced in the circuit by a change of current in the circuit.

Term
How do wire diameter and transmitter wave frequency affect resistance?
Definition

Resistance increases as the diameter of the wire decreases and as the frequency of the transmitted wave increases.

Term
What impairment causes reflection on a transmission line?
Definition

A mismatch in impedance between equipment and line.

Term
What is the most serious difficulty in transmitting data over telephone lines?
Definition
Phase distortion or envelope delay distortion.
Term
What is the concern in measuring phase jitter?
Definition

Maximum, instantaneous deviations from the average phase of the signal.

Term
What lets you send signals at greatly increased data rates and in greater quantities?
Definition
The use of LEDs or Lasers as a light source.
Term
What is the expected bandwidth per kilometer of a single-mode fiber optic cable?
Definition
50 GHz.
Term
At what maximum temperature can a fiber optics cable operate efficiently?
Definition
1,000°C.
Term
What advantage is offered by optical cable for transmission security?
Definition

Fiber optics cable emits no radiation and can't be tapped without detection.

Term
What are the three basic elements of a fiber optics transmission link?
Definition

(1) Transmitters.

(2) Optical cables.

(3) Receivers.

Term
What two light sources are used in fiber optics transmitters?
Definition

(1) LEDs.

(2) LASERS.

Term
What are the ranges of the short- and long-wavelength regions?
Definition
800 to 900 nanometers and 1,000 to 1,600 nanometers, respectively.
Term
How must rays be injected into an optical cable to make sure they are wave guided through the fiber?
Definition

They must be injected at angles that fall within the acceptance cone.

Term
What two types of photodiodes are used today?
Definition

(1) PIN diodes.

(2) APD.

Term
Explain the basic construction of a fiber optics cable.
Definition

The cable has a central core with one or more glass or plastic fibers. The core is surrounded by a glass or plastic coating called the cladding. A jacket made of plastic or some other hard material is then used to protect the cable.

Term
What are the three types of optical cable?
Definition

(1) Multimode step-index.

(2) Multimode graded-index.

(3) Single mode.

Term
What is the bandwidth of multimode graded-index cable?
Definition
200 MHz to 1,000 MHz/km.
Term
What is the cause of absorbtion loss?
Definition

Absorption loss is caused by the presence in the fiber of impurities such as iron, copper, nickel, and cobalt.

Term
What is differential delay?
Definition
Pulse spreading or broadening.
Term
All communications entering, leaving, or passing through a DII station are routed through what component?
Definition
Distribution frame.
Term
Whay is it important to keep accurate distribution frame circuit records?
Definition

To accurately add, remove or fault isolate circuits.

Term
What frame combines the functions of the main distribution frame and the intermediate distribution frame?
Definition
Combined distribution frame.
Term
What distribution frame is used for clear text classified data?
Definition
Red distribution frame.
Term
What are two types of wire guides?
Definition

(1) Jumper rings.

(2) Fanning strips.

Term
Where in a distribution frame would you find the permanent wiring for patch panels, battery, and ground taps?
Definition
Bottom of the horizontal terminal board.
Term
What is an axial hole?
Definition
The hole in the end of the wire-wrapping tool bit that accepts the terminal to be wrapped.
Term
What are the three wire-wrapping tools?
Definition

(1) Electrical.

(2) Mechanical.
(3) Hand wrap.

Term
What is the result of pulling the tool back off the terminal during the wrapping operation?
Definition
It causes the wrap to be uneven and not have enough wraps around the terminal.
Term
How long is the shiner on a five-wrap termination?
Definition
11/4 to 11/2 inches.
Term
How is a wire-wrapped connection removed from a terminal?
Definition

With an unwrapping tool, longnose pliers, or by hand.

Term
What led the military to accept the punch-on connector?
Definition
The success acheived by the commercial world.
Term
What are the advantages of the punch-on connector?
Definition

(1) They require less space.

(2) Easy access to connector blocks.

(3) The ease at which wires can be terminated.

Term
What tool is used for punch-on connectors?
Definition
714B quick-connect tool.
Term
What are the two terminations possible on the punch-on connector block?
Definition

(1) Looping termination.

(2) Ending termination.

Term
How many terminals are on the type 66 connection block?
Definition
200 (50 X 4).
Term
A UTP cable or four-pair cable has eight conductors. What are the colors used?
Definition

Four conductors colored blue, orange, green, or brown, are the "ring" conductors. Four are colore white, which are the "tip" conductors. Each tip coductor is marked with either a hand of its ring-mate's color at regular intervals, or has a stripe of its ring-mate's color running its length.

Term
In 25-pair cables, what is the ring colors used?
Definition
Blue, orange, green, brown and slate.
Term
In 25-pair cables, what is the tip colors used?
Definition
White, red, black, yellow, and violet.
Term
What three types of modular cables do you normally make?
Definition

(1) A straight-through.

(2) Crossover.

(3) Rollover cable.

Term
Wat is a registered jack (RJ)-11 normally used for?
Definition

This is the standard two- or four-conductor telephone connector used to connect telephone handsets to telephone outlets.

Term
What is a RJ-45 normally used for?
Definition

Thisis the standard TP connector used for data networking.

Term
What two wiring standards are used to define how TP cable is attached to an RJ-45 jack or plug?
Definition

(1) EIA/TIA 568A.

(2) 568B.

Term
What are the steps for attaching a RJ-45 connector?
Definition

(1) Strip away about 1.25-inches of outer jacket.

(2) Untwist wire pairs; avoid untwisting at end.

(3) Arrange wires in flat row in order that matches pinout pattern for cable purpose.

(4) Use wire-cutters; trim length of wires to 0.5in.

(5) Insert into RJ-45 plug; ensure remain in pattern.

(6) Use RJ-45 crimping tool.

Term
What two types of connectors exist for coaxial cable?
Definition

(1) Crimp-on.

(2) Screw-on.

Term
What are the steps for attaching a crimp-on coaxial connector?
Definition

(1) Cut the cable to exactly the length you want the cable to be.

(2) Put the crimp-on sleeve on the cable jacket on the end of the cable you are going to connectorize.

(3) Using your cable stripper, strip about 5/8" of the jacket from the end of the cable.

(4) Trim the braided shielding so that 7/32" of braid is showing.

(5) Strip the inner protective plastic insulation around the center conductor so that 7/16" of plastic is showing.

(6)  Insert the center conductor into the center pin of the connector.

(7) Push the connector unil the center pin clicks into the connector.

(8) Slide the ferule along the sleeve down the cable so that it pushes the braided shielding around the barrel of the connector.

(9) Check to see that the connector is securely attached to the end of the cable-you should not be able to move it.

Term
What are the basic specifications for fiber-optic cable?
Definition

The cable is single mode or multimode and the diameters of the core are cladding.

Term
What are some of the most common fiber-optic connector types?
Definition
SC, ST, FDDI, and FC.
Term
What are the steps for attaching an expoxy connector on a fiber-optic cable?
Definition

(1) Cut and strip the cable.

(2) Trim the aramid yarn.

(3) Strip the optical-fiber buffer.

(4) Prepare the epoxy.

(5) Epoxy the connector.

(6) Insert the fiber in the connector.

(7) Dry the epoxy.

(8) Scribe and remove extra fiber.

(9) Polish the tip.

(10) Perform a visual inspection.

(11) Finish.

Term
What factors determine the size of a connector?
Definition

(1) Number of contacts.

(2) Current per contact.

(3) Voltage.

Term
Why do high-power signals require large connectors?
Definition

To handle large contacts needed for high currents and large air gaps needed for high voltage.

Term
List the environmental factors that affect connector operation.
Definition

(1) Temperature.

(2) Altitude.

(3) Moisture.

(4) Vibration.

Term
What is the relationship between the electrical resistance of conductors and temperature?
Definition

Conductor resistance increases with a temperature increase.

Term
How does altitude affect the insulating quality of air?
Definition

The higher the altitude, the less insulation efficiency.

Term
When vibration is a problem, what type of material is used as an insulator?
Definition

Resilient materials such as polychloroprene or silicone rubber.

Term
What is the most important characteristic of an insulating material?
Definition
Dielectric strength.
Term
What does the resistance factor indicate in an insulator?
Definition

Amount of resistance offered to voltages on adjacent contacts.

Term
What is the purpose of polarization in a connector?
Definition

Prevents mismatching or cross-plugging.

Term
What are two purposes of connector moistureproofing?
Definition

Provides a moisture seal between connector and equipment, and between the insulator and shell.

Term
How are the connectors held together in a cable-to-cable application?
Definition
By locking screws or engaging screws.
Term
What type of locking mechanisms are used in instrument panel applications?
Definition
Engaging screws or engaging drive mechanisms.
Term
What kind of protection is achieved with a one-piece resilient insulator?
Definition

Protection against moisture.

Term
What is the advantage of C-ring retention with a one-piece insulator?
Definition
Ensures contact alignment.
Term

Under what conditions would you require the use of nonremovable contacts?

Definition
Requirements for full hermetic seal or large pressure differentials to prevent leakage.
Term
How do you fasten a contact to a printed circuit board?
Definition
Push the contact through a slot in the insulator and give it a quarter turn.
Term
What type of contacts are used for radiofrequency circuits?
Definition
Coaxial.
Term
What two methods do you use to attach wires to contacts?
Definition

(1) Solder.

(2) Crimping.

Term
Describe crimping.
Definition

Place the wire in a crimp pot on the end of a contact and compress the pot with a special tool.

Term
What are the benefits of a multiple indenter crimping tool?
Definition

Great flexibility and a wider range of guage settings.

Term
What factors give crimping an advantage over soldering?
Definition

Wire insertion easy to inspect, no temperature or cleanliness problems, and more portable.

Term
What is the problem with crimping very fine wires?
Definition
Wires can be reduced to their breaking point.
Term

State the purpose of a multimeter.

Definition

It allows measurement of voltage, current, and resistance.

Term
How is a multimeter connected in a circuit to measure micramperes?
Definition
In series.
Term
How is a multimeter used as a voltmeter in a curcuit?
Definition
In parallel.
Term
When using an ohmmeter to take a resistance reading, what preliminary precaution should you take?
Definition
Ensure that all power is disconnected from the circuit being tested.
Term
What is shunt conductance?
Definition
The leakage at all points on a transmission path.
Term
If you're given the choice between two station grounds, which one would you use?
Definition

The one with the lowest resistance to ground unless you can get lower circuit distortion and system noise on the other ground.

Term
How can you determine if you have a problem with a specific cable pair or the entire cable?
Definition

Compare your readings with the readings that were recorded in the cable installation test and acceptance data found in the cable records.

Term
Once you've identified a problem on a metallic-wire pair, what is the method you must use to isolate the problem?
Definition

Physically inspect the suspected part of the wire path until you locate the impairment.

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