Term
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Definition
-Cold water shock likely causes more deaths than hypothermia
-Cold water shock refers to those physiological responses that occur immediately upon immersion in cold water
-Hypothermia occurs over a longer time course and this refers to the gradual decline in core body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
Cold Water Shock – last about 1 minute
-Gasping then hyperventilation (risk of drowning and risk of heart attack)
-Keep head out of water
-Enter water slowly if possible
-Keep calm - get breathing under control |
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Term
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Definition
Cold Incapacitation - lasting 2-15 minutes depending on water temperature
-Muscles don't work as well in cold temps
-Perform self rescue / keep warm
-Get out of the water as much as possible. |
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Term
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Definition
Hypothermia - as long as 30 minutes to set in
- May Become Conscious or Unconscious
- Heart may still be beating even though unconscious, so it is important to wear a lifejacket. |
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Term
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Definition
Post Rescue Collapse
- Feeling of rescue may cause mental relaxation, lack of stamina. May no longer be able to maintain blood pressure to be able to move. |
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Term
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Definition
A condition resulting from lowering the body temperature.
Water conducts heat approximately 25 times faster than air. |
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Term
| 3 Stages of Hypothermia: Stage 1 |
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Definition
MILD
core temperature drops from 37oC to 34oC
increased activity
skin vasoconstriction
shivering (can be uncontrollable)
increase in 02 consumption |
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Term
| 3 Stages of Hypothermia: Stage 2 |
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Definition
MODERATE
core temp. drop from 34oC to 30oC
cardiac and respiratory rates increase initially
speech impaired
loss of memory
sensory function impaired (confusion, hallucinations, delusions)
motor function impaired |
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Term
| 3 Stages of Hypothermia: Stage 3 |
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Definition
SEVERE
-core temperature less than 30oC
-shivering stops, failure to recognize familiar people, muscles rigid, no response to pain
-cardiac and respiratory rate decrease dramatically
-ventricular fibrillation
-loss of consciousness
-death |
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Term
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Definition
- water temperature
- duration of exposure
- insulating materials
- gas mixture employed |
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Term
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Definition
- activity during exposure
- degree of cold adaptation
- use of drugs - good and bad (dilate and constrict)
- fat insulation |
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Term
| Prevention of Hypothermia |
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Definition
-protective gear - dry suits, hot water suits
-increasing subcutaneous fat
-reduce exercise - sphere shape in water (moderate work rate over long periods working)
-acclimatization to cold, over long periods
-heat gas supply esp. HeO2 |
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Term
| Treatment of Mild and Moderate Hypothermia |
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Definition
-remove all wet clothing
-blankets, sleeping bag,
-warmed water bottles to armpits and groin
-warm drinks (no alcohol), hot chocolate, or something sweet; sugar more important than the warmth of the drink
-warmed inhalation – portable (RES-Q-AIR) or 02 |
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Term
| Treatment of Severe Hypothermia remote location (chamber) |
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Definition
Severe
-ABC’S
-handle victim as gently as possible (prevent v-fib.)
-warmed air or O2 (RES-Q-AIR)
-warmed I.V. fluids (portable – Thermal Angel blood and IV rewarming device – battery operated - video |
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Term
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Definition
- body temp. still continues to drop after initial attempts to re-warm
- vasodilation? (Cool blood returning to core?)
- V-fib?
-Rewarming of trunk before extremities
-Delay rewarming? The rate of cerebral oxygen consumption is reduced by approximately 5% for each reduction of 1deg.C in temperature within the range of 37deg.C to 20deg.C |
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Term
| Hospital Re-warming Techniques |
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Definition
-forced air rewarming – (bair hugger)
-peritoneal lavage (washing out of the peritoneal cavity)
-extracorporeal rewarming – cardiopulmonary bypass
-warmed IV fluids – (250-500 cc 5% dextrose and normal saline warmed to 40-45 oC) |
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Term
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Definition
| Drowning is death from suffocation resulting from aspiration of water or other substance or fluid. Drowning occurs because the liquid prevents breathing and the exchange of O2 and CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
| respiration and heartbeat cannot be detected (start CPR) |
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Term
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Definition
| victim is pronounced dead (stop CPR) |
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Term
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Definition
| Osmosis - the movement of solvent (usually water) through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low concentration of solute to a higher concentration of solute |
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Term
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Definition
-violent struggle to reach the surface
-period of calmness (give-up), unconsciousness
-swallow large amounts of fluid
-vomiting
-gasping respirations and aspirations
-convulsions, death |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Drowning victim |
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Definition
- cyanosis
- dyspnea
- chest pain (especially on inspiration)
- blood stained frothy sputum
- abnormal breath sounds
- unconsciousness
- cardiac and respiratory arrest |
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Term
| Treatment of Drowning Victims |
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Definition
- ABC’s
- 100 % O2
- transport to hospital |
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Term
| 10% of drowning victims have... |
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Definition
| 10% of drowning victims have dry lungs on autopsy due to laryngospasm or osmotic properties causing water in lungs to be absorbed into blood stream (fresh water drowning) |
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Term
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Definition
| Death adter up to 48 hours after submersion |
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Term
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Definition
-occurs during submersion in cold water (less than 21oC (70 deg.F)
-skin sensors - sensory – motor response involuntary)(shaking)
-Initial increase in cardiac and respiratory systems (cold shock) then - slow down heartbeat and respiration
-vasoconstriction (extremities)
-metabolism slow down |
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Term
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Definition
| When under high pressure induced by deep diving, capillaries in the extremities start closing off, stopping blood circulation to those areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the appearance of a blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface being low on oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| symptom of heavy exertion (hard / struggling to breathe) |
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