Term
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Definition
authority
intuition
reason
sensory data |
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Term
| Weakness / Strength of Learning Through Authority |
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Definition
Strength: The authority has experience. The authority has expert wisdom.
Weakness: The authority isn't always right. |
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Term
| eakness / Strength of Learning Through Intuition |
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Definition
Strength: Not filtered through the senses. It is very personal.
Weakness: It is very hard to explain. It is not necessarily proved. It isn't available on demand. |
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Term
| eakness / Strength of Learning Through Reason |
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Definition
Strength: Internally consistent. It is based on non-contradiction.
Weakness: It is only as good as the assumption. |
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Term
| eakness / Strength of Learning Through Sensory Data |
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Definition
Strength: Provable through nature. You can see it or hear it through interacting with the world.
Weakness: It is limited in scope. Senses can be fooled. You are subject to unknown biases. |
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Term
| Six basic assumptions of science |
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Definition
1) existence: We all exist.
2) Causality: Every effect has a cause that preceded it.
3) Positions symmetry: The laws of nature are the same everywhere in the universe.
4) Time symmetry: Laws of nature don't change with time.
5) Noncontradiction: When two ideas contradict each other one or both must be wrong.
6) Occam's Razor: When two ideas explain the same result and don't contradict, we favor the simpler one. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Nuclear Strong: nuclear distances
2) Electromagnetic: atoms - mountains/earth's diameter.
3) Nuclear Weak: nuclear distances, never dominant
4) Gravity: Mountains - bigger/universe |
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Term
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Definition
| Speed. The speed in a particular direction of a moving body. The distance in a particular direction covered per unit of time. “Miles per hour” or “meters per second.” |
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Term
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Definition
| Rate of change of velocity per unit time, or change of velocity divided by the time required for the change. Also could be a change in direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Constant speed and constant direction. The condition of an object when no unbalanced forces act upon it. A state of motion always refers to being at rest or in uniform motion. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The sum of all the forces present on a body. |
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Term
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Definition
| The portion of the total force that is unopposed by other forces and so will cause an acceleration. An unbalanced force means that the net force in not zero. |
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Term
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Definition
| The characteristic of a body which determines how much it accelerates when a force is applied. Mass doesn’t depend on location. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the force of gravity pulling on an object. Weight does change with location. |
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Term
| Newton’s First Law of Motion |
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Definition
| Every object in a state of rest, or in a state of uniform motion in a straight line with unchanging speed, will stay in that state of rest of uniform motion, until compelled to do otherwise by forces acting upon it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulling toward a center/circle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Force =mass x acceleration or F-ma or a=F/M. This law is quantitative. It says exactly how much the motion of an object of mass changes when acted on by a force of magnitude. First universal principle to be discovered that enables changes observed in our physical world to be described in mathematical terms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate of acceleration by gravity on the earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forces occur only when two things interact with each other. All forces result from interaction between pairs of objects, each object exerting a force on the other. The two resulting forces have the same strength and act in exactly opposite directions. |
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Term
| Three parts of the car that represent acceleration |
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Definition
| Gas, Steering Wheel, Brake |
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Term
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Definition
More mass = smaller acceleration
More force = greater acceleration |
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Term
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Definition
| acceleration increases by the same amount |
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Term
| Law of Gravity/Universal Gravitation |
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Definition
| Every object with mass in the universe attracts every other object with mass by a long-range gravitational interaction that obeys Newton’s Third Law. The relationship is between mass and distance. The strength of the attractive force, F, varies with the masses, M and m, of the two objects and the distance, d, between their center according to the relationship: F=GmM/d2 . |
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Term
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Definition
| : A number relating the strength of the gravitational force to the masses being attracted and their distance apart. |
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Term
| General Theory of Relativity |
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Definition
| Albert Einstein’s description of gravity that was published in 1915. This theory explains the relationship between the geometry of space and the flow of time in our universe. Large mass affects the space and time surrounding it causing it to curve |
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Term
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Definition
| A number relating the strength of the electric for to the charges involved and their distance apart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrons repel each other (repulsion). |
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Term
| If a rock and a feather are dropped in a vacuum... |
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Definition
| ...they hit at the same time. |
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Term
| Why does Newton's cannonball never hit the earth? |
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Definition
| It is going too fast so it is always in freefall and enters orbit. |
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Term
Negative to Negative/Positive to Positive charges...
Negative to Positive charges... |
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Definition
Negative to Negative/Positive to Positive charges...repel
Negative to Positive charges...attract |
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Term
| What qualities of electrons help them create electrical charges? |
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Definition
| They are lighter than any other element in the atom and move easily in and out of the atom. |
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Term
| How do you make a magnet? |
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Definition
| Heat the magnet and then align the domains with a magnetic field. |
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Term
| How do you kill a magnet? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The basic negative charge-carrying particle in an atom. |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic positive charge-carrying particle in an atom. |
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Term
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Definition
| A neutral particle found in the nuclei of atoms. |
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Term
| What did Robert Millikan discover? |
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Definition
| He discovered the charge of a single electron. |
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Term
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Definition
| A material that does not permit electrons to flow through it. Glass, rubber, wood. |
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Term
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Definition
| A material that allows electrons to flow through it. Copper, most metals, water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Electric charges flowing through a conductor. Electrons traveling through a conductor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Metal alloys that are attracted to magnets or are capable of being transformed into permanent magnets are called ferromagnetic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lines coming from an object representing the strength of the force. The denser the lines, the stronger the force. |
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Term
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Definition
| The force arising between objects when they touch. Contact forces are a repulsion caused b the electromagnetic interaction. Electrons repel each other. |
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Term
| What is an electromagnetic magnet? |
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Definition
| A flowing electric current creates a magnetic field in a ferromagnetic element. |
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Term
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Definition
| Air, like all gases and liquids, is classified as a fluid because it flows. All fluids push with friction against the motion of objects moving through them. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure applied to any part of a bounded fluid transmits equally to every other part with no loss. The pressure acts at right angles to any surface in contact with the fluid. It means that the fluid pressure at all points on all walls of a bounded fluid is the same and that it pushes directly against the walls. Unbounded fluids are pulled towards the earth and are held in place with gravity. |
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Term
| Four rules of Pressure in Unbounded fluids |
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Definition
| 1) Pressure depends on depth (only) and is greater at greater depth. Pressure does not depend on the surface area or volume of a fluid, but only upon depth. 2) Pressure is the same for all points at the same depth. 3) Pressure at a given depth is independent of direction. 4) Pressure is always perpendicular to the surface of a submerged object. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Force pushing upward on objects immersed in a fluid. The buoyant force is the same weight as the displaced liquid. |
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Term
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Definition
| An object immersed in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force caused by contact interaction with the surrounding fluid. The strength of this force equals the weight of the displaced fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| density = mass/volume . The greater the difference between the density of the fluid, the higher the object will float. |
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Term
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Definition
| If a fluid has different sections within it that are at different temperatures, those sections will also have different densities. The hotter less dense sections will tend to rise while the denser, cooler sections will tend to sink, creating circulation currents in the fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Intertial Frame of Reference |
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Definition
| A perspective that is experiencing no acceleration. |
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Term
| Special Principle of Relativity: |
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Definition
| The laws of nature remain the same for all observers in inertial frames of reference. |
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Term
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Definition
| Add the speed of how fast you are going to the speed you observe others going. A notion that a final speed vector can be computed by directly adding all individual velocity vectors together according to the rules of Euclidean geometry. Light does not obey Galilean Relativity. |
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Term
| Light Speed and Galilean Relativity |
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Definition
| The speed of light is the same regardless to how fast you are going. |
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Term
| Special Theory of Relativity |
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Definition
| The theory of how objects in inertial frames of reference behave at high speeds. two assumptions: All laws of nature are the same for all observers in inertial frames of reference (i.e. the special principle of relativity). The speed of light in a vacuum has a constant value of approximately 3000,000 km/sec, regardless of the speed of the device emitting the light or the speed of the observer receiving the light. Space and time are not absolute quantities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The slowing of a clock as its speed approaches the speed of light as measured by an observer not moving with the clock |
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Term
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Definition
| unstable sub-atomic particles that can be easily created in laboratories. Proof of time dilation. |
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Term
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Definition
| : The shortening of an object along its dierctin of motion as its speed approaches the speed of light, as measured by an observer not moving with the object. It shortens in the direction it is moving. |
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Term
| If a clock moves at near light speed... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Events that appear in one frame of reference may not be simultaneous in another frame. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any quantity that remains constant |
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Term
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Definition
Mass
Charge
energy/Total energy
fundamental particles
Lineal momentum |
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Term
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Definition
| While mass can change in form, or transfer from one object to another, the total mass remains exactly the same. Examples: Carbon cycle, campfire. |
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Term
| Conservation of Fundamental Particles |
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Definition
| There are two types of fundamental particles The first class is electron-like particles: electrons, muons, neutrinos. The second class is quarks. Every proton and every neutron is composed of three quarks. |
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Term
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Definition
| The charge is because of an exchange of electrons, not a new creation of elements that make up a charge.Example: balloon on hair. |
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Term
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Definition
| An object’s mass times its velocity. Measures the amount of motion in a straight line. |
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Term
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Definition
| A quantity that measures the amount of rotation motion an object has. Angular momentum =mass x speed x radius. Example: diver, figure skater. |
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Term
| Conservation of Total Energy |
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Definition
| All physical objects must obey a general law of conservation of mass. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Energy that depends on the position of an object or on the positions of an object’s constituent parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| The form of energy associated with motion. Anything in motion and thermal energy. |
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Term
| Gravitational Potential Energy |
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Definition
| The energy stored in an object that has the potential to fall. Near the surface of Earth, the increase of gravitational potential energy of an object that is lifted is given GPE = weight x height. |
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Term
| Electrical Potential Energy |
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Definition
| The form of energy associated with the relative positions of charged objects. Objects with opposite charges have minimum electrical potential energy when the are separated by greatest distance, but objects with the same charge have maximum electrical potential energy when they are separated by the least distance. This is the type of energy stored in a lightening clouds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Total kinetic energy of random motion of molecules in a material. |
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Term
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Definition
| The transmission of an electric charge or heat through a conducting medium without perceptible motion of the medium itself. Firefighters passing the water buckets in a line. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which energy is moved from one place to another by being stored in matter as internal energy, then moving the matter from one place to another. The firefighters carrying water from the well to the fire individually. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which energy is moved from one place to another in the form of light of related from such as X-rays, gamma rays, microwaves, etc. Firefighter spraying the fire from a fire hose. |
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Term
| Chemical Potential Energy |
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Definition
| The form of internal energy associated with the physical and chemical states of matter. This is thy type of energy stored in a car battery. |
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Term
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Definition
| The form of internal energy associated with stretching or compressing material. Uses deformation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Mass and energy together are conserved so... |
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Definition
| ...energy goes up and mass goes up. |
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Term
| The faster it moves the harder it is... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Moving against a force. Force/distance. |
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Term
| types of potential energy |
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Definition
kinetic
gravitational
electrical
chemical
elastic
nuclear |
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