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Definition
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Term
| Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Steps: |
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Definition
| 1.ATP Investment 2.Transport w/Carnitine 3.Oxidation |
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| AA's synthesis direction: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Catabolite Activator Proteins. Enables transcription by binding next to a very weak promoter.
Positive Regulation. |
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Definition
| In Prokaryotes. Bind RNA poly, control transcription. Interchangeable so they can turn on/off sets of genes. |
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Definition
| help folding. Recognize hydrophobic residues on outside that should be on inside. |
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Definition
| binds and unbinds to help catalyze proper folding |
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Term
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Definition
| Barrel structure. Isolates the protein, hoping it refolds itself better. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attach to proteins as signals. A chain signals for degradation. Attaches to lysine residues. |
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Term
| Inhibitors of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase: |
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Definition
| Acetyl-CoA and NADH. Inhibited by being phosphorylated through a kinase (stimulated by Acetyl-CoA or NADH) |
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Term
| ATP yield for Fatty Acid beta Oxidation: |
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Definition
| 14 ATP/cycle (after going through TCA and ETC) |
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Term
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Definition
3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 FADH, 1 GTP. 12 ATP/acetylCoA or 24ATP/Glucose
"NCF G 12ATP"
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Term
| Homeodomain DNA _________ _______s |
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Definition
| Binding proteins. 3 helices with a Helix-turn-helix motif. Fundamental role in development. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulatory. Zinc connects a helix and beta sheet. Often work in multiples. |
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Term
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Definition
2 a-Helices coiled coil from hydrophobic interactions usually bind at Leucines, bound together forming a Y that binds Major groove. Either two identical (Homodimer) or different (Heterodimers).
"Y shape like a zipper" |
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Term
| Example of Combinatorial Control: |
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Definition
| Heterodimerization in Leucine Zippers. Combination of proteins control a cellular process. |
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Term
| AA's that recognize Guanine: |
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Definition
SHRK
"The Shark Recognizes Guanine" |
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Term
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Definition
CAP is positive (binds when Glucose is low)
Repressor is negative (binds when Lactose is low).
Lac Operon works when Glucose is low, Lactose is high. |
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Term
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Definition
| Locus Control Region. Far away from the B-Globin genes but control them. Also acts as a Barrier to prevent them from being turned in heterochromatin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bind proteins to prevent regulators from influencing certain genes. |
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Definition
| Passes on DNA methylation. Works in somatic cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unmethylated. Surround promoters of housekeeping genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tat binds Tar which phosphorylates the polymerase, allowing it to work well. |
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Term
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Definition
| rRNA, mRNA, tRNA, DNA gyrase, RNA elongation, Cell Wall synth, Folic acid metabolism, Cytoplasm synth. |
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Term
| Common Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance: |
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Definition
| 1) Acquisition of gene encoding resistance (ie. Plasmids) 2) Alteration of the target by mutation |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks ATP synthesis, thus inhibiting rate of O2 consumption. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dissipates H+ gradient in ETC. No ATP synth, but O2 consumption increases because moving electrons down ETC is easier. Energy released as heat. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Uncoupling Protein 1" Uncouples ETC and ATP synth in response to a cold stimuli. Found in Brown Adipose tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
Tryp binds repressor, preventing transcription.
Negative Regulation.
Also Translation is attenuated.
Without Tryp, transcription happens unimpeded. |
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Term
| Euk. Transcription Regulating Mechanisms: |
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Definition
| *Blocking Enhancer/Activator *Returning Histones to pretranscript form *Methylating Chromatin *Deacylating Histone tails |
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Term
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Definition
| A complex of regulatory proteins that bends the DNA to conform. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inverse relationship to glucose levels. With low glucose, it binds CAP enabling it to work as an activator. |
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Term
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Definition
| Help prevent spread of heterochromatin to important genes |
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Term
| Glucocorticoid Receptor Complex |
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Definition
| Activated by Cortisol (Positive Regulator). Increases synthesis of many genes when organism is under stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tata Binding Protein attaches to the TATA box making a landing pad for the other TF's to assemble at. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes specific Adenines to Inosine's, allowing different AA's to be coded for. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where translational repressors bind in prokaryotes, upstream of promoter. (Translational level regulation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Folded 5' mRNA that acts as a switch to turn on or off the mRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Internal Ribosome Entry Sites" allows translation to occur without a 5'cap on the mRNA or from downstream of the 5'cap. |
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Term
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Definition
| polyA tail is slowly degraded. ~25 A's left tail is degraded faster and/or cap is removed and it's eaten up from the direction. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| In Conjugation. Makes single strand cut at oriT in F Plasmid, covalently links to 5' end and pulls it into the F- cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA" Protein involved in RNA editing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds viral mRNA's and transports them out of the nucleus, even though they're not capped or tailed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deadenylation Protein. Eats up the Poly-A tail. This decay thus competes with translation for using the mRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
"RNA Induced Transcriptional Silencing" Modifies histones to maintain heterochromatin around the Centromere.
"RITS maintain the Centromere" |
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Term
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Definition
Increase in Ferritin, decrease in Transferrin.
Aconitase binds stem loops in each gene, promoting one and repressing the other. |
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