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| system in which responsibility for planning lies with the organization's highest level |
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| system in which responsibility for planning lies with workers and lower levels of the organization. |
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| cycle time reduction (CTR) |
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| length of time required to complete a process and to be ready to begin anew |
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| essentially, having faster inventory turns, in the past, organizations grew successful through sheer size (economy of scale); now they grow successful through speed (economy of time) |
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| in management terms, expected behaviors as defined by plans. |
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| the range of activities covered by a plan |
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| the period considered by the plan |
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| the specificity of a plan |
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| comprehensive, long-term, and relatively general planning. Focuses on broad, enduring issues to increase the firm's effectiveness |
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| A focused, short-term, and specific form of planning that translates the broad concepts of the strategic plan into clear objectives for the short term |
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| on the continuum between the strategic and operational planning processes, a more specific form of planning than strategic planning |
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| plans that have a clear time frame for their utility |
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| plans that have ongoing meaning and application to an organization |
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| a six-step process (1)asses current status(2)determine objectives(3)identify the actions required(4)Allocate resources(5)assign responsibilities for implementation(6)control the planning decision |
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| future states or conditions that contribute to the fulfillment of the organization's mission |
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| a specification of desired future conditions |
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| specific, prescribed means to achieve the objective(s) |
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| a prediction of future events based on past and current data |
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| financial, physical, human, time, or other assets of an organization |
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| "Total Factor Productivity" (TFP) |
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| a measure of a firm's effectiveness in using its resources to create product values |
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| a predetermined amount of resources linked to an activity |
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| provides for the possibility that actual output deviates from planned outbut |
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| preparation of a budget for a fixed period with periodic updating at fixed intervals |
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| the assignment of people and responsibilities for achieving a plan |
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| the legitimate use or form of power stemming for the position, not from the person. |
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| the process of convincing workers of the value of a plan prior to implementation |
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| written statements that reflect a plan's basic objectives and provide guidelines for selecting actions to achieve the objectives |
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| a standard procedure providing a set of instructions to implement a policy |
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| the process of corrective actions based on a measurement |
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| Plan, do, check, act (PDCA) |
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| a four step cycle: 1) Plan the quality improvement. 2) Workers produce a small version or batch of the procedure/product. 3) Workers check the results of this pilot project. 4)Workers implement the complete process. Also called the "Shewart Cycle" after its originator, Walter Shewart |
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| the period between the time a product is first considered and the time it is sold to the customer |
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| fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. |
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| the key concept in cycle time reduction that states that only 3 percent of the elapsed time for a process is actually needed to complete the activity |
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| American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) |
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Definition
| a leading indicator, introduced in 1994 and updated quarterly, that looks at seven sectors of the economy (manufacturing nondurables; manufacturing durables; transportation; communications,; utilities; retail; finance and insurance; services; and public administration and government). |
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