Term
|
Definition
Osmotic diuretic.
Shock, drug OD, high intracranial pressure.
Pulmonary edema, dehydration. CI: anuria, CHF. |
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Term
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Definition
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis.
Glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness.
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (normal anion gap), neuropathy, NH3 toxicity, sulfa allergy. |
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Term
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Definition
Sulfonamide loop diuretic. Inhibits Na/K/Cl cotransport on thick ascending limb. Increases calcium excretion. Also increases prostaglandins, increasing renal blood flow/GFR.
Edema, HTN, hypercalcemia.
OHDANG!: Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia, Dehydration, Allergy (sulfa), Nephritis (interstitial), Gout (hyperuricemia). Also diuretic alkalosis. |
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Term
Ethacrynic acid
Mech
Use
Tox |
|
Definition
Same as furosemide, but not a sulfa drug.
Pts with sulfa allergies.
Same as furosemide except allergies. |
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Term
Hydrochlorothiazide
Mech
Use
Tox |
|
Definition
Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT. Reduces Ca excretion (only one!)
HTN, CHF, hypercalciuria, nephrogenic DI.
Hypokalemia, diuretic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia. Sulfa allergy. |
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Term
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Definition
K sparing diuretic. Aldosterone competitive antagonist. Acts in cortical collecting duct.
Hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF, hirsuitism.
Hyperkalemia, anti-androgen effects (gynecomastia), acidemia. |
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Term
|
Definition
K sparing diuretic. Aldosterone competitive antagonist. Acts in cortical collecting duct.
Hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF.
Hyperkalemia, acidemia. Like spironolactone but with less anti-androgenic effects. |
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Term
|
Definition
K sparing diuretic. Blocks Na channels in cortical collecting duct - similar affect to aldosterone antagonists.
Hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF.
Hyperkalemia, acidemia. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
K sparing diuretic. Blocks Na channels in cortical collecting duct - similar affect to aldosterone antagonists.
Hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF.
Hyperkalemia, acidemia. |
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Term
| What is "contraction alkalosis"? |
|
Definition
| In low volume state, angiotensin II concentration increases. One effect is increased Na/H exchange in PCT, causing alkalosis. |
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Term
| What is "paradoxical aciduria"? When is it seen? |
|
Definition
Seen in hypokalemic state.
In hypokalemia, Na/H exchange is favored over Na/K exchange in PCT. This causes aciduria, even if body is in alkalotic state.
One mechanism of diuretic metabolic alkalosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor. Reduces ATII levels, raises bradykinin levels. Increases renin (loss of feedback inhibition).
HTN, CHF, prevention of diabetic renal disease.
CAPTOPRIL: Cough, Angioedema, Potassium increase, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy CI, Rash, Increased renin, Low ATII. Avoid with bilateral renal artery stenosis: kidneys rely on ATII mediated efferent arteriole constriction to maintain GFR. |
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Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor. Reduces ATII levels, raises bradykinin levels. Increases renin (loss of feedback inhibition).
HTN, CHF, prevention of diabetic renal disease.
CAPTOPRIL: Cough, Angioedema, Potassium increase, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy CI, Rash, Increased renin, Low ATII. Avoid with bilateral renal artery stenosis: kidneys rely on ATII mediated efferent arteriole constriction to maintain GFR. |
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Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor. Reduces ATII levels, raises bradykinin levels. Increases renin (loss of feedback inhibition).
HTN, CHF, prevention of diabetic renal disease.
CAPTOPRIL: Cough, Angioedema, Potassium increase, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy CI, Rash, Increased renin, Low ATII. Avoid with bilateral renal artery stenosis: kidneys rely on ATII mediated efferent arteriole constriction to maintain GFR. |
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Term
|
Definition
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