Term
| Amyloidosis: give protein and source Primary Secondary Senile cardiac Isolated atrial Isolated pituitary DM2 Medullary thyroid ca Alzheimers Dialysis-assoc. |
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Definition
| Primary: AL, Ig light-chains (mult. myeloma) Secondary: AA, serum amyloid-assoc. protein (acute phase reactant, chronic inflammatory disease) Isolated atrial amyloidosis: ANP Isolated pituitary: prolactin Senile cardiac: AF, Transthyretin DM2: AE, Amylin Medullary thyroid ca: A-CAL, calcitonin Alzheimers: beta-amyloid, APP Dialysis: beta2-microglobulin, MHC I proteins |
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Term
| Neoplasm associated with trisomy 21? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plummer-Vinson syndrome predisposes to what cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Acanthosis nigracans predisposes to what cancers? |
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Definition
| Visceral malignancy (IGF-1 like effect?): stomach, lung, breast, uterus |
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Term
ras oncogene
What cancer?
What product? |
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Definition
Colon cancer
GTPase (in MAPK pathway) |
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Term
L-myc oncogene
What cancer?
What product? |
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Definition
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Term
N-myc oncogene
What cancer?
What product? |
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Definition
Neuroblastoma
Trans. factor |
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Term
ret oncogene
What cancer?
What product? |
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Definition
MEN IIA and IIB
Pheochromocytomas, medullary thyroid cancer
A: parathyroid neoplasm
B: mucosal neuromas
Tyrosine kinase |
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Term
c-kit oncogene
What cancer?
What product? |
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Definition
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Cytokine receptor |
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Term
p53 chromosome?
Blocks what phase?
What syndrome? |
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Definition
17p
G1 -> S
Li-Fraumeni syndrome |
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Term
p16 chromosome?
What cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bombesin is marker for what cancers? (3) |
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Definition
| Neuroblastoma, lung, gastric |
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Term
| Vinyl chloride predisposes to what cancer? |
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Definition
Liver angiosarcoma
(expresses CD 31, endothelial cell marker) |
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Term
| Napthalene dyes (aniline) predispose to what cancer? |
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Definition
| Bladder (transitional cell) |
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Term
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Definition
Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia
Lung, Breast, Skin (melanoma), Kidney (RCC), GI |
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Term
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Definition
Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver
Colon > Stomach > Pancreas > Breast > Lung |
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Term
Mets to bone?
Which most common? |
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Definition
BLT with a Testy Kosher Pickle
Breast, Lung, Thyroid, Testes, Kidney, Prostate
Breast and Prostate most common |
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Term
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Definition
Prolonged PTT and PT
Thrombocytopenia
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Low fibrinogen
High fibrin split products (D-dimer)
Low factor V and VIII levels |
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Term
| Bluish neoplasm under nail bed? |
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Definition
Melanoma or Glomangioma (benign)
Glomus body: neurovascular organ for redirecting blood flow during cold temperatures. |
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Term
| Metastatic signet-ring mucin-producing tumor in ovary? |
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Definition
Krukenberg tumor
Metastatic gastric carcinoma
One of the most common types of met. ovarian ca. |
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Term
Match the syndrome to the cardiac defect:
Down syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome
Friedreich's ataxia
Marfan syndrome
Tuberous sclerosis
Turner's syndrome |
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Definition
Down: endocardial cushion defects (ASD, regurgitant AV valves)
DiGeorge: ToF and aortic arch abnls
Friedreich's: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Marfan: cystic medial necrosis of aorta
Tuberous sclerosis: cardiac rhabdomyomas w/ valve obstruction
Turner's: coarctation of aorta |
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Term
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Definition
Paralysis of upgaze, nystagmus, "setting sun" sign, pseudo-Argyll Robertson pupils
Damage to dorsal midbrain, including superior colliculi and Eidinger-Westphal nuclei. In kids, usually due to pinealoma (intracranial germinoma).
NOT Parinaud's ocularglandular syndrome |
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Term
| Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
AABBCCDDee
Alcohol, Aortic stenosis, wet Beriberi, coxsackie B virus, Cocaine, Chagas' disease, Doxorubicin, Diphtheria toxin, hEmochromatosis, pEripartum cardiomyopathy |
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Term
Kussmaul's sign?
Pulsus paradoxus? |
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Definition
Both seen with restrictive heart diseases (pericarditis, tamponade, etc.)
Kussmaul's: Increase in JVP during inspiration (instead of normal decrease). Due to poor RV filling.
PP: Exaggeration of decreased systolic BP during inspiration (>10mmHg decrease). "Paradox" is radial pulse not felt during inspiration, even though heart beats are audible to auscultation. |
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Term
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Definition
Migratory thrombophlebitis
Associated with visceral cancer: adenocarcinomas produce a thromboplastin-like substance. |
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Term
Retroperitoneal
Major vessels?
Solid organs?
Hollow organs? |
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Definition
Vessels: AA, IVC and branches
Solid organs: Pancreas except tail, kidneys & adrenals
Hollow: Duodenum parts 2, 3, and some of 4, ascending and descending colon (secondarily retroperitoneal), rectum, ureters, bladder |
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Term
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Definition
Intestinal enterochrommaffin cells give rise to carcinoid tumors, which overproduce serotonic, kallikrein, and other hormones.
Often metabolized by liver, but if mets or escapes to systemic, produces:
skin flushing
abd cramping
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
R sided endocardial fibrosis
bronchoconstriction
Diagnose with elevated urine 5-HIAA |
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Term
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Definition
Pancytopenia (normocytic anemia, leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia), WITHOUT splenomegaly
Bone marrow is hypocellular, with fat cells and fibrous stroma. |
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Term
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia vs. hyperparathyroidism:
Serum Ca?
Serum PTH?
Urine Ca? |
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Definition
Serum Ca: high in both
Serum PTH: high in both
Urine Ca: low in FHH, high in hyperPTH
FHH is due to defective Ca receptor on parathyroid cells and kidney cells - leads to excess PTH secretion, excess Ca retention. In primary hyperPTH, hypercalcemia still stimulates renal cells to secrete calcium, regardless of high PTH. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Painful white leg" Seen in peripartum women. Venous stasis due to hypercoaguability and uterine pressure on iliofemoral veins causes DVT. |
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Term
| Serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma? |
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Definition
AFP
Not very specific or prognostic, but useful for monitoring in high-risk settings, ex. cirrhosis. |
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