Term
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Definition
Californians Like Girls in String Bikinis
Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basalis |
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Term
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Definition
"intermediate junction", below tight junction.
Has cadherin-actin connections
Cadherins are Ca++ dependent ADhesion molecules. |
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Term
Smooth muscle contraction steps?
Relaxation? |
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Definition
Calcium in cytoplasm
Calmodulin
Activates myosin light chain kinase
NO raises cGMP, inhibits myosin light-chain kinase |
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Term
| Skeletal muscle contraction? |
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Definition
Ca binds troponin C, move tropomyosin out of way, opens myosin-binding site on actin
Myosin head has ADP+Pi, binds actin
Power stroke - release Pi
ATP exchange - release actin
Cleave ATP to ADP+Pi (hold Pi!) - "cocking" |
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Term
| Endochondrial vs. membranous ossification |
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Definition
Endochondrial = with cartilage model. Long bones. Woven bone replaces cartilage, then lamellar bone.
Membranous = no cartilage precursor. Flat bones. Woven bone de novo, then lamellar bone. |
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Term
What is bone specific alkaline phosphatase?
How is it different than other ALP? |
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Definition
Marker of osteoblast acitivity; elevated in osteitis fibros cystica, Paget's.
Bone ALP denatures with heat, or use MAbs, electrophoresis. |
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Term
| What are osteoclast activity markers? |
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Definition
*urine deoxypyridinoline (most specific)
urine hydroxyproline
tartrate resistant acid phosphatase |
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Term
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Definition
Eponymous - nothing to do with bakers!
Popliteal cyst, semimembranous bursa most often.
Also possible is posterior bulge of patellar synovial sac.
Arthritis (any type) or injury to knee joint. |
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Term
Sjögren's syndrome
vs. Sicca syndrome |
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Definition
Sjögren's syndrome:
Triad: Dry eyes, Dry mouth, Arthritis.
Assoc. with rheumatoid arthritis
Parotid enlargement, *Bcell lymphoma risk
Anti-Ro, Anti-La antibodies (SS-A, SS-B).
Females, age 40-60.
Sicca:
"primary sjogrens" - no arthritis
Dry eyes, dry mouth, dry nose, dry vagina, chronic bronchitis, reflux esophagitis. |
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Term
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Definition
Gout: Monosodium urate, negatively bireringent (yellow when parallel), men more, MTP, ear, elbow, achilles. NSAIDS, colchicine, allopurinol, probenecid.
Pseudogout: Calcium pyrophosphate, rhomboid, weakly positive birefringent, large joints (knee), both sexes, >50yrs. HyperPTH, hypophos, hemochromatosis, renal osteodystrophy. NSAIDs, colchicine. |
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Term
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Definition
GRAIN
Gammaglobulinemia
Rheumatoid arthritis
ACE increased
Interstitial fibrosis (restrictive lung disease)
Noncaseating granulomas (bilat hilar adenopathy)
+ erythema nodusum, Bell's palsy, uveitis, parotitis, hypercalcemia.
Schaumann bodies: Ca+protein inclusions in giant cells
Asteroid bodies: look like fireworks? not understood
AfAm females. Tx. steroids |
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Term
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Definition
Pain in proximal joints (shoulders, hips), with fever, malaise, weight loss. > 50yrs. No muscular weakness. Assoc. with giant cell arteritis.
High ESR, normal CK, no RF.
Prednisone. |
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Term
| Polymyositis & dermatomyositis |
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Definition
Progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness.
*CD8 T-cell injury to myocytes.
*Perifascicular inflammation on muscle Bx is diagnostic.
High CK, high aldolase, ANA+, anti-Jo-1
Dermatomyositis = polymyositis + rash (malar, heliotrope, shawl), Grotton's papules. Higher malignancy risk (ovary, breast, melanoma, colon, NHL - but no need to search for occult!) |
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Term
| Macule v. patch v. papule v. plaque |
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Definition
Macule: flat, <1cm
Patch: flat, >1cm
Papule: raised, <1cm
Plaque: raised, >1cm |
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Term
| Vesicle v. wheal v. bulla |
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Definition
Vesicle: small blister
Wheal: transient vesicle (uticaria)
Bulla: large blister (ex. bullous pemphigoid) |
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Term
| Hyperkeratosis v. Parakeratosis v. Acantholysis v. Acanthosis v. Spongiosis |
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Definition
Hyperkeratosis: Increased stratum corneum (psoriasis)
Parakeratosis: Hyperkeratosis + retention of nuclei in stratum corneum (psoriasis)
Acantholysis: separation of epidermal cells (pemphigus vulgaris)
Acanthosis: Epidermal hyperplasia, increase in stratum spinosum
Spongiosis: Edema in epidermis (eczema, contact dermatitis) |
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Term
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Definition
Nevus: mole
Ephelis : freckle (normal # of melanocytes, just more pigment) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pinpoint bleed with scale peeled off: Psoriasis |
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Term
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Definition
Flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin-filled cysts (horn cysts)
Looks "pasted on". Head, trunk, extremities. Common, benign, elderly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses, indicates underlying malignancy (GI, lymphoid) |
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Term
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Definition
=chloasma
"mask of pregnancy" - hyperpigmented macules on upper cheek, nose, forehead, also associated with OCPs. Goes away after pregnancy/hormone use. |
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Term
| Hepatitis C associated with what skin disorder? |
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Definition
Lichen Planus:
Pruritic, Planar, Polygonal, Purple Papules.
Hypergranulosis. "sawtooth" infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction. |
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Term
| Erythema nodosum vs. Erythema multiforme |
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Definition
Nodosum:
Inflammatory leions of SubQ fat, esp. anterior shins. Coccidioomycosis, histoplasmosis, TB, leprosy, strep infxn, sarcoidosis.
Multiforme:
Multiple types of lesions: macules, papules, vesicles. Assoc. with infections (mycoplasma, HSV), drugs (sulfa, beta-lactams, phenytoin), cancers, autoimmune disease. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Function of LTC4, D4, E4? |
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Definition
| Bronchoconstriction, vasoconstriction |
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Term
| Function of prostacyclin? |
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Definition
aka PGI2
decrease platelet aggregation
vasodilation
decrease uterine tone |
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Term
| Function of prostaglandins? |
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Definition
aka PGD2, PGE2, PGF2
vasodilation
pain
fever
increase uterine tone
maintain gastric mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
aka TxA2
platelet aggregation
vasoconstriction |
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Term
| Function of lipoxin A4 and B4? |
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Definition
Vasodilation
inhibit chemotaxis
increase monocyte adhesion |
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Term
| Function of 5-lipooxygenase? |
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Definition
Make LTB4, C4, D4, E4
(inhibited by zileuton) |
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Term
| Function of 12-lipooxygenase? |
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Definition
| make Lipoxin A4, Lipoxin B4 |
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Term
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Definition
aka PGG2, PGH2
Created by COX enzymes - precursors to prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxane |
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