Term
|
Definition
Patterning along AP axis.
Base of limbs in "zone of polarizing activity" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Patterning along dorsal-ventral axis.
At apical ectodermal ridge (thickened ectoderm at end of developing limb). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm, giving length to limbs. At apical ectodermal ridge. |
|
|
Term
| What happens at 2nd week of development? |
|
Definition
2 germ layers (epiblast, hypoblast)
2 cavities (amniotic sac, yolk sac)
2 components to placenta (cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast) |
|
|
Term
| What happens at 3rd week of development? |
|
Definition
| 3 germ layers (gastrula): ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm. |
|
|
Term
| What happens at 4th week of development? |
|
Definition
4 heart chambers.
4 limb buds grow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salivary, sweat, and mammary gland origin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Autonomic nervous system origen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dorsal root ganglia origin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pia and arachnoid origin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thyroid follicular cells origin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thyroid parafollicular (C) cells origin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Agenesis: absent organ due to absent primordial tissue
Aplasia: absent organ despite present primordial tissue |
|
|
Term
| Teratogenic effect: ACE inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Teratogenic effect: alkylating agents |
|
Definition
| absence of digits, multiple anomalies |
|
|
Term
| Teratogenic effect: aminoglycosides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Teratogenic effect: maternal diabetes |
|
Definition
macrosoma
transient hypoglycemia
caudal regression syndrome (flaccid paralysis of legs)
severe: sirenomelia |
|
|
Term
| Teratogenic effect: smoking |
|
Definition
perterm
placental insufficiency
intrauterine growth retardation
ADHD |
|
|
Term
| Teratogenic effect: alcohol |
|
Definition
Leading cause of birth defects
Fetal alcohol syndrome:
developmenal retardation
microcephaly
holoprosencephaly
facial abnormalities (flat philtrum)
limb dislocation
heart and lung fistulas |
|
|
Term
| Origin of umbilical arteries and vein? |
|
Definition
| Allantois (yolk sac), along with urachus in umbilical cord |
|
|
Term
| bulbus cordis develops to what? |
|
Definition
| RV, outflow tract of RV and LV |
|
|
Term
| Left horn of sinus venosus becomes what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Right horn of sinus venosus becomes what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Right common and anterior cardinal veins become what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Truncus arteriosus divison abnormalities? (3) |
|
Definition
Transposition of great vessels (failure to spiral)
Tetralogy of Fallot (skewed septum development)
persistent truncus arteriosus (absent/partial development) |
|
|
Term
| Fetal erythropoesis occurs in: |
|
Definition
Yolk sac (3-8 wk)
Liver (6-30 wk)
Spleen (9-28 wk)
Bone marrow (28 wk on) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Telencephalon: cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, limbic system
Diencephalon: Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Metencephalon: Pons, Cerebellum
Myelencephalon: Medulla |
|
|
Term
Aortic arch derivatives:
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
6th |
|
Definition
1st: part of maxillary artery (1st is max!)
2nd: Stapedial and hyoid artery (Second = stapedial)
3rd: common carotids, part of internal carotids (C is 3rd letter)
4th: on left, aortic arch, on R, R subclavian (4 limbs - to the body)
6th: proximal part of pulmonary arteries, ductus arteriosus (Six for breathing) |
|
|
Term
| Branchial clefts v. arches v. pouches? |
|
Definition
Clefts: ectoderm
Arch: mesoderm
Pouch: endoderm
CAP from outside to in |
|
|
Term
Branchial cleft derivatives
1st?
2nd-4th? |
|
Definition
1st: external acoustic meatus
2nd-4th: regress. If persist, lateral neck cyst. |
|
|
Term
| 1st branchial arch derivatives? |
|
Definition
Think CN V territory and "M"
Mandible, Malleus, incus, spheno-Mandibular ligament, zygome, vomer, palate, temporal bone
Muscles of mastication (temporalis, Masseter, lateral and Medial pterygoids), Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini |
|
|
Term
| Treacher-Collin's syndrome? |
|
Definition
Failure of 1st arch neural crest cells to migrate. Mandibular hypoplasia
Facial abnormalities
Conductive hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| 2nd branchial arch derivatives? |
|
Definition
Think CN VII area and "S"
Stapes, Styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, Stylohyoid ligament
facial muscles, Stapedius, Stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric |
|
|
Term
| 3rd branchial arch derivatives? |
|
Definition
Think CN IX territory
greater horn of hyoid
Stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal nerve!) |
|
|
Term
| 4-6 brachial arch derivatives? |
|
Definition
Think CN X territory: 4 = sup. laryngeal nerve, 6 = recurrent laryngeal nerve
thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform.
3-4: posterior 1/3 tongue
5: regresses
4th: pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini
6th: all intrinsic muscles of larynx EXCEPT CRICOTHYROID. |
|
|
Term
| 1st branchial pouch derivatives? |
|
Definition
Middle ear cavity
Eustachian tubes
Mastoid air cells |
|
|
Term
| 2nd branchial pouch derivatives? |
|
Definition
| epithelial lining of palatine tonsil |
|
|
Term
| 3rd branchial pouch derivatives? |
|
Definition
Inferior parathyroids and thymus
(note: end up BELOW 4th branchial pouch!) |
|
|
Term
| 4th branchial pouch derivatives? |
|
Definition
Superior parathyroids
(end up ABOVE 3rd pouch derivs!) |
|
|
Term
| Cleft lip v. Cleft palate |
|
Definition
Lip: failure of maxillary and medial nasal processes to fuse
Palate: Fusion failure of lateral palantine process, nasal septum, and/or medial palantine process |
|
|
Term
Significant midgut development at 6th week and 10th week?
Pathology? |
|
Definition
6th: herniates through umbilical ring
10th: returns to abd, rotates around SMA
Pathology: Malrotation, omphalocele, intestinal atresia or stenosis, volvulus |
|
|
Term
| Most common congenital tracheoesophageal fistula? |
|
Definition
Blind upper esophagus, lower esophagus connected to trachea.
Cyanosis, clubbing, choking, vomting, air bubble in stomach, polyhydramnios, pneumonitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interim kidney for 1st timester, then Wolffian ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Uteric bud: ureter, pelvises, calyces, up to collecting ducts
Metanephic mesenchyme: Glomeruli down to DCT |
|
|
Term
| Most common site of urinary obstruction in fetus? |
|
Definition
| Ureter-pelvic junction: last to canalize |
|
|
Term
| Wolffian duct develops into? |
|
Definition
Male internal structures EXCEPT prostate!
SEED: Seminal vesicles, Epididymis, Ejaculatory duct, Ductus deferens |
|
|
Term
| Female equiv. of bulbourethral glands (of Cowper)? |
|
Definition
| Greater vestibular glands (of Bartholin) |
|
|
Term
| Female equiv. of prostate gland? |
|
Definition
| Urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene) |
|
|
