Term
| Which hypothalamic nuclei is involved in ovulation? |
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Definition
| Arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of the endometrium? What 2 layers shed during menstruation? |
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Definition
| "CBS" Stratum Corneum, Basalis, and Spinosum...Basalis does NOT shed |
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Term
| What is a good choice contraceptive for a person w/ mental retardation who wants to go on birth control? |
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Definition
| Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera) |
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Term
| What uterine pathology? Excess unopposed estrogen is the main risk factor |
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Definition
| endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma |
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Term
| What uterine pathology? menorrhagia w/ an enlarged uterus and no pelvic pain |
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Definition
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Term
| What uterine pathology? pelvic pain that is only present in menstruation |
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Definition
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Term
| What uterine pathology? diagnosed by endometrial biopsy in clinic |
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Definition
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Term
| What uterine pathology? definitive diagnosis and treatment is by laproscopy |
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Definition
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Term
| What uterine pathology? Menstruating tissue within the myometrium |
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Definition
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Term
| What uterine pathology? malignant tumor of the uterine smooth muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common gynecological malignancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 main categories of ovarian tumors? |
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Definition
| epithelial, germ cell, stromal, metastatic |
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Term
| What ovarian tumor? produces AFP |
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Definition
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Term
| What ovarian tumor? estrogen-secreting...precocious puberty |
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Definition
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Term
| What ovarian tumor? intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material |
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Definition
| mucinous cystadenocarcinoma |
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Term
| What ovarian tumor? testosterone-secreting...virilization |
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Definition
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Term
| What ovarian tumor? psammomma bodies |
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Definition
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Term
| What ovarian tumor? multiple different tissue types |
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Definition
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Term
| What ovarian tumor? lined with fallopian tube-like epithelium |
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Definition
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Term
| Ovarian tumor + ascites + pleural effusions |
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Definition
| Meig's Syndrome (pulling feeling on groin) |
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Term
| What ovarian tumor? Call-Exner bodies |
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Definition
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Term
| What ovarian tumor? Resembles bladder epithelium |
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Definition
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Term
| What ovarian tumor? elevated hCG |
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Definition
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Term
| An obese woman presents w/ amenorrhea and increased levels of serum testosterone. Dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| A pt w/ PCOS is at most risk for developing what type of cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer? |
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Definition
| OVULATION (anything that decreases the amt of ovulation is protective) |
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Term
| Painless bleeding accompanying a low lying placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| Painful bleeding w/ premature separation of placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| A pregnant woman at 16 wks gestation comes in w/ an atypically enlarged abdomen and HTN. Dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| A pregnant woman w/ previous C-section is at increased risk for what 2 placental disorders? |
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Definition
| placental previa and accreta |
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Term
| A 23 yo female who is on rifampin for TB prophylaxis and on birth control (estrogen) gets pregant. Why? |
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Definition
| Rifampin Revs up cut P450, thus increasing the metabolism of the OCP's |
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Term
| What breast pathology? most common breast tumor in women under 25 |
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Definition
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Term
| What breast pathology? Most common breast mass in postmenopausal women |
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Definition
| infiltrative ductal carcinoma |
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Term
| What breast pathology? most common breast mass in premenopausal women |
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Definition
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Term
| What breast pathology? Most common form of breats cancer |
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Definition
| infiltrative ductal carcinoma |
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Term
| What breast pathology? Small, mobile, firm mass w/ sharp edges in a 24yo woman |
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Definition
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Term
| What breast pathology? histological "leaf-like" projections |
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Definition
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Term
| What breast pathology? signet ring cells |
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Definition
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Term
| What breast pathology? loss of e-cadherin cell adhesion gene on chrom 16 |
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Definition
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Term
| What breast pathology? Always ER(+) and PR(+) |
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Definition
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Term
| What breast pathology? commonly presents with nipple discharge |
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Definition
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Term
| What breast pathology? Eczematous patches on the nipple |
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Definition
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Term
| What breast pathology? multiple bilateral fluid-filled lesions w/ diffuse breast pain |
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Definition
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Term
| What breast pathology? firm, fibrous patch on a 55 yo woman |
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Definition
| infiltrative ductal carcinoma |
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Term
| A 58 yo post-menopausal woman is on Tamoxifen, what is she at increased risk of getting? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme does LH stimulate and in what female cell? |
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Definition
| Desmolase in the theca cell |
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Term
| What enzyme does FSH stimulate and in what female cell? |
|
Definition
"Follow GRANny's AROMA"
aromatase in the granulosa cell |
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Term
| Estrogen or progesterone? production of thick mucus that inhibits entry of sperm into the uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| Estrogen or progesterone? induces LH surge |
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Definition
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Term
| Estrogen or progesterone? uterine smooth muscle relaxation |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Estrogen or progesterone? follicle growth |
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Definition
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Term
| Estrogen or progesterone? withdrawal leads to menstruation |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug would you give to inhibit prolactin secretion? |
|
Definition
| bromocriptine (a dopamine analog) |
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Term
| What does the hormone profile look like in menopause? |
|
Definition
Increased: FSH, LH, GnRH
Decreased: estrogen |
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Term
| What hormone is the underlying cause of PCOS? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| anything that increases estrogen, esp unopposed estrogen |
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Term
| What structures arise f/ the paramesonephric ducts? |
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Definition
| "FU-V" Fallopian tubes, uterus, upper 1/3 of vagina |
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Term
| What structures arise f/ the mesonephric ducts? |
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Definition
| "SEED" Seminiferous tubules, epidydimus, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens |
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Term
| Which cells are responsible for maintaining high testosterone concentration in the seminiferous tubules? |
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Definition
| Sertoli cells (androgen binding proteins) |
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Term
| Testicular torsion vs. epididymitis: Which one is relieved when the testes are supported? |
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Definition
| epididymitis IS relieved, torsion is NOT |
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Term
| Which testicular tumor? composed of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts |
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Definition
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Term
| Which testicular tumor? may present initially w/ gynecomastia |
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Definition
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Term
| Which testicular tumor? elevated AFP |
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Definition
| yolk sac/ endodermal sinus tumor |
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Term
| Which testicular tumor? Most common testicular tumor |
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Definition
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Term
| Which testicular tumor? Most common testicular tumor in infants and children up to 3yo |
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Definition
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Term
| Which testicular tumor? most common testicular tumor in men over 60 |
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Definition
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Term
| Which testicular tumor? histologic appearance similar to koilocytes (cytoplasmic clearing) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which testicular tumor? histologically may have alveolar or tubular appearance sometimes w/ papillary convolutions |
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Definition
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Term
| Which testicular tumor? histologic endodermal sinus structures (Schiller Duval bodies) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which testicular tumor? 25% have cytoplasmic rod-shaped crystalloids of Reinke |
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Definition
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Term
| Which testicular tumor? androgen-producing and associated w/ precocious puberty |
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Definition
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Term
| A 55 yo man undergoing treatment for BPH has increased testosterone and decreased DHT as we;; as gynecomastia and edema. What is his medication? |
|
Definition
| Finasteride (inhibits 5-alpha reductase) |
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Term
| How does flutamide differ from finasteride and what are their clinical uses? |
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Definition
| Finasteride inhibits 5-alpha-reductase and treats BPH, Flutamide blocks testosterone receptors and is used to treat prostate cancer |
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Term
| What is the MOA of clomiphene and what is it used to treat? |
|
Definition
| It is a partial agonist at estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus which prevents mormal feedback inhibition, thus increased LH and FSH f/ pituitary. It is used to induce ovulation, esp in PCOS |
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Term
| What are the side effects of sildenafil? |
|
Definition
| headache, flushing, dyspepsia, impaired blue-green color vision, and hypOtention w/ nitrates |
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Term
| What is the role of sertoli cells in male spermatogenesis? What stimulates them and what do they produce? |
|
Definition
| FSH stimulates sertoli cells to produce Androgen Binding Protein and inhibin. They also supply nutrients and compose the blood-testes barrier |
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Term
| What is the role of Leydig cells in spermatogenesis? What stimulates them? |
|
Definition
| Stimulated by LH. They secrete testosterone (the cells are located in the interstitium) |
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|
Term
| How many carbon molecules are found ion testosterone? On andostenedione? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What structiures develop f/ the mesonephric duct system? |
|
Definition
| "SEED" Seminal tubules, ejectulatory duct, epididymus, ductus deferens |
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|
Term
| What is the male homologue? vestibular bulbs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the male homologue? labia minora |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the male homologue? Bartholin glands |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the male homologue? urethral and paraurethral glands of skene |
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Definition
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