Term
| Who was the US President who undertook the Reconstruction after the Civil War? |
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Term
| What did the 14th Amendment, passed in 1866 guarantee? |
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Definition
| That all persons born in the US or naturalized were citizens of the US |
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Reconstruction in the south was considered a failure by historians because:
a) congress failed to pass land reform to give freedmen an economic base to make a living
b) the banishment of former Confiderate leaders left only the opportunists and inexperienced to lead in the South.
c) Federal troops were resented in the South by former Confederates
d) An indecisive Congress could not decide on a strong reconstruction program
e) all of the above |
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Term
| WHat were northerners who came south after the Civil War hoping to gain political power called? |
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| What were inexperienced and often uneducated Southerns who were placed in positions of leadership after the Civil War called? |
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What is the significance of the year 1877?
a) The Civil War ended
b) The great economic panic began
c) Reconstruction was formally abandoned as a program
d) The International Exhibition began in Philadelphia
e) US Grant was elected President |
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What drove freedmen into sharecropping?
a) A severe economic depression in 1873
b) Freedmen lacked the capital to buy land
c) White planters refused to sell land to preserve their labor force
d) all of the above
e) none of the above |
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True or False:
U.S. Grant was nominated for president in 1868 based largely on his military record but was generally a very strong president |
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The monetary crisis of the 1870s involved:
a) the coinage of silver
b) the coinage of gold
c) the issuance of "greenbacks"
d) all of the above
e) none of the above |
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Term
True or False:
The South grew more and more Republican in politics during and after the Reconstruction |
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To the freed slaves, the desire for education sprang from:
a) the opportunity to take part in politics
b) a desire to read the Bible for themselves
c) The need to prepare for the economic marketplace
d) all of the above
e) none of the above |
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Term
True or false:
Southern planters sought to implement an understanding of freedom quite different from that of the former slaves |
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Term
Former slaves came out of slavery with a very clear definition of freedom, namely that:
a) it involved the freedom to reap the benefits of their own labors
b) to own their own land
c) to be equal to whites under the law
d) to be able to do what the white man could do
e) all the above |
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True or false:
Many former slaves moved to cities and towns because they felt there they could enjoy greater freedom than remaining in the countryside on the plantations of their former bondage |
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Term
True or false:
Southerners defeated by the Civil War were demoralized more by the devastation that surrounded them than by the fact they must surrender to northern demands |
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Term
| What agency was established by Congress in March 1865 to attempt to establish a working free labor system |
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Term
| What three responses to the labor shortage arose in the South after the War? |
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Definition
Assigned tasks
Low wage jobs
Sharecropping |
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Term
True or False:
Railroads played a major role in shifting markets away from ports and more inland in the period immediately after the War |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the political boss of New York City in the early 1870s? |
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Definition
| William Marcy Tweed (Boss Tweed) |
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Term
The politics of Gilded Age was said to be:
a) a time of dishonesty and corruption in which corporations battled each other for special consideration by local state and federal governments
b) an era of golden opportunity for migrants, immigrants, and Native Americans
c) A glittering jazz age and time for youthful rebellion
d) A golden age like that of the period of the American founding in the late 18th century |
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Term
| By 1913 the United States produced how much of the world's output? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Industrial Revolution in the United States took place mainly in what regions? |
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Definition
| The Northeast and Midwest |
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Term
| What was the first federal agency intended to regulate economic activity and ensure railway rates were reasonable and favoritism was avoided was: |
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Definition
| The Interstate Commerce Commission |
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Term
Which of the following was not true of the Second Industrial Revolution:
a) a boom in automobile manufacture spurred the rise of oil, rubber, and street production
b) More than any other sector, the railroad was the engine of the industrialization
c) Some companies operated at a loss and rose to dominance by underselling their rivals
d) Some companies beat out the competition by taking over more stages of production and distribution |
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The spirit of innovation contributed importantly to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late ninteenth century. Which of the follwing was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s?
a) the airplane
b) the typewriter
c) the telephone
d) hand-held camera |
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Term
| What were the years from 1873 to 1897 known as? |
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| What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886? |
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Term
True or False:
The major paradox of the 1890-1900 period was that during a period of rapid expansion, tremendous economic downturns hit the American economy |
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Definition
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Term
| The term "robber baron" was applied to the great entrepreneurs who made vast fortunes in a boom or bust economy |
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Definition
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Term
| The bankruptcy of several railroads in the Crisis of 1893 forced the railroads into the hands of Andrew Carnegie, who used new management skills to centralize management |
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Definition
| False. It was J.P. Morgan |
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Term
| What was the natural connection between railroads and steel manufacturing that tied them together from 1860 to 1900? |
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Definition
| They needed steel to lay the more than 193,000 miles of steel train in the railroad expansion. |
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Term
| Andrew Carnegie used this and an accounting approach to increase profitability within the steel industry. What were these two things? |
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Definition
| Technology, and cost-analysis accounting approach |
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Term
| What is a situation when a number of sellers can exert great control over prices of a commodity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first of the entrepreneurs to engage in oil refineries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What act in 1890 attempted to stop the fixing of prices in the restraint of trade? |
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Definition
| The Sherman Anti-Trust Act |
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Term
| What was the role of railroads in the growth of corporations in the period from 1860-1900 and their role in the boom and bust economy? |
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Definition
| Railroads were the first major corporation to grow in the era after the Civil War. They borrowed heavily to finance expansion. They sold stocks, bonds, received government subsidies, bought up competition, and drove the boom and bust cycle of the economic ups and downs. |
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Term
| List six features which shaped Industrial Change from 1860-1900 |
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Definition
Cheap energy
Technology
Need for labor
Competition
Drop in prices
Failure of money supply |
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Term
True or False:
The Civil War temporarily slowed migration to the West, but following the War the West was considered a way to re-unite the country |
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Definition
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Term
| Native Americans fared better during the Civil War and did not get involved in the war between the states |
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Definition
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Term
| The revival of the Ghost Dance by Native Americans was a religious ritual designed to call Indians back to traditional ways |
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Definition
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Term
| General George Armstrong Custer was killed at the Battle of Wounded Knee |
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Definition
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Term
| The Turner Thesis discussed the effect of the closing of the American West and the frontier's shaping tendency on the American mindset |
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Term
The building of the transcontinental railroad was important for all the following reasons except:
a) movement of troops and horses West to attack Native Americans in winter when they were most vunerable
b) killing buffalo herds to destroy Indian food sources
c) Move Western Crops to eastern markets
d) Move 12,000 Chinese immigrants to work for the railroad
e) Move settlers West at a faster rate |
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The last armed resistance by Native Americans:
a) occurred at wounded knee in 1890
b) was led by General George Armstrong Custer
c) occurred at the Little Big Horn
d) was led by sitting bull
e) both A and D |
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Term
The Homestead Act of 1862:
a) gave 160 acres of land in a program that Republicans touted as a land program for the poor
b) Any person able to pay the $10 registration was eligible
c) Only 1 in 9 who legitimately qualified received land
d) 400,000 people claimed homestead
e) all of the above |
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Term
| What was involved in "civilizing the Indian?" |
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Definition
| Education, language, religion, dress, farming |
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Term
| What was the purpose for placing Indians on reservations? |
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Definition
| Supervision and civilization of the Indian |
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Term
| What is the farmer's revolt often called? (2 things) |
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Definition
| Populism and People's Party Movement |
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Term
True or False:
The populists made remarkable efforts to unite black and white farmers into a common political program |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the leader of the Pullman Strike who was jailed for contempt of court for violating a judicial special order and was granted upon his release by a crowd of over 100,000 and in his speech accused state and local governments of joining together to "wrest from the weak" their birthright of freedom? |
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Term
| What three-time presidential candidate ran on a silver platform, was defeated each time, and was greatly influenced by Southern Gospel preaching? |
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Definition
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Term
| What popular children's book was thought to be a commentary on the election of 1896? |
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Term
Depressions, a common occurrence in the US economy, shaped the Populist Movement, notably the depression in:
a) 1893
b)1907
c) 1876
d) 1930 |
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Definition
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Term
| The Immigration Restriction League formed in 1894 promoted the restriction of immigration to those who failed to do what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who won the election of 1896? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were white southerners who reclaimed power after the conclusion of the reconstruction called? |
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Definition
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Term
In the 1890s the south saw:
a) widespread separation of the races into different institutions
b) a decrease in black voter registration
c) An increase in white control through local customs and laws
d) all of the above
e) none of the above |
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