Term
| What new territory did the United States purchase in 1867 which was twice the size of its largest state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What events lured settlers into the trans-Mississippi West? |
|
Definition
The California Gold Rush
Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad
The Homestead Act |
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the independent, theocratic state formed by the Mormons and centered on the shores of the Great Salt Lake? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What distinction did the U.S. Supreme Court make in the decision banning polygamy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the Sherman Antitrust Act and how did it become ineffective? |
|
Definition
| It outlawed every combination in restraint of trade and commerce. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the prime example of a "robber baron"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Social Darwinism? |
|
Definition
| It is the theory that argues that in human society in natures struggle is the key to progress because it produces the survival of the fittest. |
|
|
Term
| What did the arguments of Social Darwinism and William Graham Sumner suggest? |
|
Definition
| The arguments of Social Darwinism and William Graham Sumner suggest that any laws to control working conditions would be detremental to society. |
|
|
Term
| What was the largest labor organization in the late nineteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the labor organization advocate? |
|
Definition
-Equal pay for equal work for men and women
-A graduated income tax
-The organization of African Americans and white workers
-The restriction of child labor |
|
|
Term
| How did the incident in Chicago's Haymarket Square affect the Knights of Labor? |
|
Definition
| They lost their crusade for an 8-hour work day due to a violent incident at Chicago's Haymarket square by associating the Knights with political radicalism. |
|
|
Term
| What labor organization was dedicated to organizing skilled workers to obtain better working conditions, wages, and hours? |
|
Definition
| The American Federation of Labor |
|
|
Term
| What did the efforts to create a "New South" include? |
|
Definition
-Development of a vertically integrated textile industry
-Attraction of capital from the North with the tax incentive
-Construction of new iron mills in Birmingham, Alabama
-Incentives for railroad companies |
|
|
Term
| From where did the "new immigrants" after 1850 come? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Mark Twain referring to when he coined the phrase "Gilded Age"? |
|
Definition
| It describes the period after the Civil War and emphasizes showy wealth and corrupt practices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It was the most popular form of commercial entertainment from the 1880's to the 1920's, which offered a live variety show composed of different kinds of 15-minute acts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the leading organizers of baseball, one-time pitcher, and later manager of the White Stockings, whoc tighted the rules of participation and dictated the reserve clause. |
|
|
Term
| What early developments shaped baseball as a professional sport? |
|
Definition
-Enforcement of the color line with the firing of "Moses Fleet" Walker
-Management's control over players with the reserve clause
-Huge investment of capital, making baseball a big business
-Formation of the National League and Knickerbacker Baseball Club |
|
|
Term
| Why did government grow in size and responsibility in the late nineteenth century? |
|
Definition
| Because society became more complex and interdependent |
|
|
Term
| Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission created? |
|
Definition
| To regulate commercial activity that states could not. |
|
|
Term
| What did the Pendleton Act do? |
|
Definition
-Established a commission to set guidelines for civil service personel
-Instituted a system of competitive examinations for the civil service
-Banned the assessment of money from salaries of appointees
-Spurred the development of regulatory societies |
|
|
Term
| What did the Grangers do? |
|
Definition
-Created cooperative enterprises to give farmers more control over their lives
-Responded to the farmers' frusteration over falling farm prices and high interest rates
-Sponsored social occasions to allow farmers to improve their lives
-Built grain elevators and manufactured farm equipment |
|
|
Term
| What was the regional Farmers' Alliances advocating at the end of the 1880's? |
|
Definition
-State ownership of railroads
-Lower tarriffs
-A graduated income tax
-Restricted land ownership to citizens |
|
|
Term
| How was the Great Uprising of 1877 suppressed? |
|
Definition
| With deadly force by federal troops |
|
|
Term
| What was true of the Women's Christian Temperance Union? |
|
Definition
-Experimented with interacial cooperation in the South
-Preached total abstinence from alcoholic beverages
-Was a major advocate of women's suffrage
-Worked to reform the prison system |
|
|
Term
| What did the Populists, who met in St. Louis in 1892, advocate? |
|
Definition
-Government ownership of railroads, banks, and the telegraph
-8-hour day
-Graduated income tax, and other reforms
-Prohibition of large land holding companies |
|
|
Term
| How did the Pullman Strike end? |
|
Definition
| With federal troops firing on strikers killing 25 of them and the arrest of Eugene Debs. |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Eugene V. Debs become a socialist? |
|
Definition
| To make the government responsive to workers. |
|
|
Term
| What did the Social Gospel movement try to do? |
|
Definition
| It tried to influence people to take action to reform society to benefit all |
|
|
Term
| Who were the supporters of the Social Gospel movement? |
|
Definition
-Washington Gladden
-W.T. Stead
-Charles M. Sheldon
-Edward Everett Hale |
|
|
Term
| What was the primary reason that Bryan won the Democratic and Populist nominations for president in 1896? |
|
Definition
| Because of his support for the free and unlimited coinage of silver |
|
|
Term
| How was the right of Blacks to vote restricted? |
|
Definition
-Pole taxes
-Literacy tests
-Property Qualifications
-Grandfather clauses |
|
|
Term
| What was the significance of the Wilmington, North Carolina "massacre" of 1898? |
|
Definition
| It was an example of anti-black mob violence to suppress black rights. |
|
|
Term
| What was Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door policy? |
|
Definition
| It called for equal trading opportunities in China. |
|
|
Term
| How did the United States respond to the Boxer Rebellion? |
|
Definition
| The U.S. sent troops into China as part of an international army. |
|
|
Term
| How is Progressivism best described? |
|
Definition
| A diverse group of individuals working for a wide variety for reformed causes. |
|
|
Term
| What political reforms did progressives seek? |
|
Definition
-End to political corruption
-More business like methods of governing
-More legislation to combat the excesses of industrialism
-An expansion of state and federal regulation of private business |
|
|
Term
| On what did progressives at the local level focus? |
|
Definition
-Reforming the health, education, and welfare of immigrants
-Enacting legislation banning child labor
-Providing for municipal ownership and regulation of utilities
-Providing an 8-hour day for workers |
|
|
Term
| What political figures were connected to New York City's Tammany Hall? |
|
Definition
-Tim Sullivan
-Robert Wagner
-Al Smith
-George W. Plunkett |
|
|
Term
| What programs were sponsored by Governo Robert La Follette of Wisconsin? |
|
Definition
-Tougher coorperate tax rates
-Railroad commission to regulate frate charges
-Improved civil service quote
-Direct primary |
|
|
Term
| Who were the successful journalists in the Progressive Era? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were some of the beliefs and accomplishments of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.? |
|
Definition
-Helped to create sociological jurisprudence
-Believed that law should change as society changed
-Oppossed invalidating democratically produced policies
-Dissented with conservative court decisions overturning progressive legislation |
|
|
Term
| What did the Court's decision in Muller v. Oregon do? |
|
Definition
-Found that the physical well being of women was a matter of public interest
-Upheld the law limiting women to a 10-hour day
-Argued that the liberty of contract is not absolute
-Maintained that social and physical conditions should influence policy |
|
|
Term
| How did the New York garment industry pay workers? |
|
Definition
| Mainly by jobs done within a certain time |
|
|
Term
| To what did the Triangle Shirtwaist fire lead? |
|
Definition
| It led to a NYSFIC and state laws to regulate conditions. |
|
|
Term
| Who helped create the New York State Factory Investigation Commission? |
|
Definition
-Robert Wagner
-Frances Perkins
-Florence Kelly
-Al Smith |
|
|
Term
| What was the Ludlow Massacre? |
|
Definition
| The killing of strikers' families by troops and guards. |
|
|
Term
| What was true of the "new woman" at the turn of the 20th century? |
|
Definition
-Joined clubs that combined self-improvement and social benefits
-Accounted for 40% of those attending college by 1910
-Identified a women's culture of cooperation and uplift
-Usually an educated women |
|
|
Term
| What ideas did whites generally accept during the Progressive Era? |
|
Definition
| Racism was based on the assumed innate inferiority of blacks. |
|
|
Term
| Why was Booker T. Washington popular whites? |
|
Definition
| For advocating accommodations |
|
|
Term
| For what did the "Niagara movement" call? |
|
Definition
| Immediate end to segregation |
|
|
Term
| What did W.E.B. Du Bois say blacks would always feel? |
|
Definition
| Tension in being black and American |
|
|
Term
| What was the compromise that resulted from Theodore Roosevelt's intervention in the anthracite coal strike of 1902? |
|
Definition
| It gave the miners better pay and working conditions, but no recognition of the United Mine Workers Union. |
|
|
Term
| What progressive measures and programs did William Howard Taft support duing his administration? |
|
Definition
-Created a Federal Children's Bureau
-Provided safety codes for mines and railroads
-Legalized a federal graduated income tax
- Brought a more restrained concept of the presidency to the White House |
|
|
Term
| What did the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 do? |
|
Definition
-Reconstructed the nation's banking and currency system
-Created 12 regional federal banks
-Established a central federal reserve board that regualted the amount of money in circulation
-Diminished the power of private banks |
|
|
Term
| What did Woodrow Wilson do in regard to child labor, racial segregation, federal regulation of coorperations, and federal workers' compensation? |
|
Definition
-Brought about labor reform for children
-Sanctioned the spread of racial segregation in the federal service
-Sought federal regulation of coorporations to check the abuses of big businesses
-Supported a measure providing for federal workers compensation |
|
|
Term
| What did the United States do when Panama rebelled from Colombia? |
|
Definition
| The U.S. indirectly supported the revolutionaries |
|
|
Term
| Under the Roosevelt Corollary, in what countries did the United States intervene? |
|
Definition
-Cuba
-Dominican Republic
-Mexico
-Haiti |
|
|
Term
| To what did the Dollar Diplomacy lead? |
|
Definition
| Military intervention to protect American investments |
|
|
Term
| How did Woodrow Wilson respond when the Mexican Revolution began? |
|
Definition
| Interfered with Mexican sovereignty, using moral justification |
|
|
Term
| Why did the United States have difficulty remaining truly neutral when World War I began? |
|
Definition
-U.S. population was divided about the war
-U.S. became heavily involved economically with the allies
-Wilson administration tended to be pro-British
-Citizens were horrified by the reports of fighting in Europe |
|
|
Term
| What was the fundamental reason Wilson gave as to why the United States should declare war on Germany in 1917? |
|
Definition
| The cause of moral right against wrong |
|
|
Term
| What developments pushed the United States to declare war in April 1917? |
|
Definition
-Germany's declaration of unrestricted subwarfare
-The Zimmerman note
-The sinking of 7 U.S. ships in March
-The threat of a Germany-Mexico Alliance |
|
|
Term
| What did the Committee on Public Information do? |
|
Definition
-Create films to support the war
-Depict Germans as barbarians by calling them Huns
-Develop literature explaining the causes of the war
-Organize patriotic speeches before plays and movies |
|
|
Term
| During World War I, how did the U.S. military treatment of black soldiers compare to how the French treated them? |
|
Definition
| U.S. segregated black soldiers while the French generally treated them as equals. |
|
|
Term
| In what offensive did the AEF take a leading role? |
|
Definition
| The Meuse-Argonne Offensive |
|
|
Term
| Why was the right for women to vote established in 1920? |
|
Definition
| Because the war made denial seem impractical and wrong. |
|
|
Term
| What was one reason why the 18th amendment passed? |
|
Definition
| Anti-German feelings that worked against breweries with German names. |
|
|
Term
| Why did the government decide to suppress dissent in the United STates during World War I? |
|
Definition
-Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917
-Some of the worst race riots in U.S. history
-The need to unite the nation behind the war
-A militant labor movement |
|
|
Term
| To what did the Espionage Act of 1917 lead? |
|
Definition
| Led to an increase in government spying on U.S. citizens |
|
|
Term
| Who were the "Big Four" at the Versailles peace conference? |
|
Definition
-Great Britain
-France
-Italy
-United States |
|
|
Term
| What were the principal elements in Wilson's Fourteen Points? |
|
Definition
-An international body to keep peace through collective security
-Liberal principles for international behavior, such as freedom of the seas
-Resetting boundaries to allow nations and people to practice self determination
-The right to national self determination |
|
|
Term
| On whom did the Versailles Treaty place the blame for World War I? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the primary reason Henry Cabot Lodge opposed the Versailles Treaty? |
|
Definition
| Because the treaty would commit the U.S. to collective security |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Senate defeat the Versailles treaty? |
|
Definition
-Wilson refused to compromise on the Republican proposals
-The "irreconciables" voted against it in any form
-Republicans insisted Article 10 would compromise U.S. sovereignty
-Amendments to the treaty could not be agreed upon |
|
|
Term
| What was the result of the Palmer raids? |
|
Definition
| Deported 100s of people without trials |
|
|
Term
| What kind of atmosphere did the Red Scare of 1919 create? |
|
Definition
| Suppressed labor, women, and change generally |
|
|
Term
| Why did the bull market of the 1920s occur? |
|
Definition
-Stocks were bought based on spectulation
-Margin accounts allowed investors to buy with borrowed money
-Coorporations put capital into stocks rather than research
-Climate of opinion indicated any one could get rich |
|
|
Term
| What was the worst day of the stock market crash of 1929? |
|
Definition
| October 29, 1929 is often called Black Tuesday. |
|
|
Term
| What were the weaknesses in the economy that contributed to the Great Depression? |
|
Definition
-Unequal distribution of income
-Near depression in agriculture in 1920's
-Failure of companies to pay wages commecerate with productivity
-Rise in productivity had encouraged overproduction in many industries |
|
|
Term
| What feelings did unemployment in the United States in the early 1930s create? |
|
Definition
| Created feelings of shame and guilt |
|
|
Term
| What was Hoover's response to the Depression? |
|
Definition
| To have the government help businesses help themselves |
|
|
Term
| What did policies under Hoover show? |
|
Definition
| Private charities do not have the resources to meet massive social problems |
|
|
Term
| To what did social unrest under the Hoover Administration lead? |
|
Definition
-Bonus Army's March on Washington
-Farmer's Holiday Association
-Labor demonstration at Ford's River Rouge
-Deaths of four demonstrators in Detroit |
|
|
Term
| What did Franklin D. Roosevelt accuse Hoover of during the campaign of 1932? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the map of the Election of 1932 show in regard to the states that Republican, Herbert Hoover carried? |
|
Definition
| Hoover carried the New England States |
|
|
Term
| In what did Franklin D. Roosevelt's "brain trust" believe? |
|
Definition
| They believed in government-busniess cooperation. |
|
|
Term
| What was Franklin D. Roosevelt's first act as president |
|
Definition
| A "bank holiday" temporarily closing all the banks |
|
|
Term
| What New Deal programs were established during the "Hundred Days"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the AAA of the "Hundred Days" do? |
|
Definition
-Tried to raise farmers' purchasing power
-Raised prices by cutting reduction
-Displaced sharecroppers by reducing production
-Established party prices for basic farm commodities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Charles E. Coughlin denounce? |
|
Definition
| A conspiracy of Jews, International Bankers, and the New Deal |
|
|
Term
| What problems developed during the New Deal? |
|
Definition
-Violent strikes such as the by the teamsters
-Loud criticism by a Catholic Priest
-Protest marches by the unemployed counsels and the Communists
-Accusations of Socialism by businessmen and some democrats |
|
|
Term
| What programs did the "Second Hundred Days" include? |
|
Definition
-WPA
-The Wagner Act
-Resettlement Administration
-Social Security Act |
|
|
Term
| What did the Social Security act do? |
|
Definition
| It joined people together in a mutual aid program |
|
|
Term
| Who led the organization of industrial unions by the CIO in the 1930's? |
|
Definition
| John Lewis and Sidney Hillman |
|
|
Term
| Who did the New Deal coalition generally include? |
|
Definition
-Industrial workers of all races
-1st and 2nd generation Catholic immigrants
-Traditional-minded white southerners
-Trade Unionists |
|
|
Term
| What did the AAA's policies do? |
|
Definition
-Pay subsidies mostly to large landowners
-Allow large landowners to dismiss tenants by mechanizing their farms
-Inspire the founding of the Southern Tenent Farmers Union in protest
-Led to an increase in evictions of sharecroppers |
|
|
Term
| What states does the map of the Dust Bowl, 1935-1940, show that the Dust Bowl affected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the New Deal response to the Dust Bowl? |
|
Definition
-Formation of the Soil Conservation Service and soil Conservation Districts
-Direct emergency relief for farm families by resettlement administration
-Temporary jobs with the WPA
-Crop and seed loans |
|
|
Term
| What happened to Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the 1930's? |
|
Definition
| They were deported in large numbers regardless of their citizenship status |
|
|
Term
| What New Deal-created agencies helped primarily the South and the West? |
|
Definition
-The Resttlement Administration
-The Rural ElectrificationAdministration
-Tenessee Valley Authority
-The Federal Emergency Relief Administration |
|
|
Term
| How did the Bureau of Reclamation were begun under the New Deal? |
|
Definition
| It transformed the West with huge water and public power projects. |
|
|
Term
| What projects of the Bureau of Reclamation were begun under the New Deal? |
|
Definition
-The Central Valley Project
-The All American Canal
-The Grand Coulee Dam
-Lake Meade |
|
|
Term
| What did the Indian Reorganization Act restore? |
|
Definition
| It restored tribal ownership of land and semi-sovereign status to the tribes. |
|
|
Term
| What New Deal cultural agency dealt with writing, theater, music, and the visual arts? |
|
Definition
| The New Deal's Federal Project Number 1 |
|
|
Term
| In what New Deal project did Ralph Ellison, Richard Wright, and Zora Neale Hurston all participate? |
|
Definition
| The Federal Writers Project |
|
|
Term
| In what New Deal project did Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, and Louise Nevelson all participate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the New Deal's agency for writers produce? |
|
Definition
-Oral histories of former slaves
-Collections of American songs and folk tales
-State and city guidebooks |
|
|
Term
| What type of people did the Communist Party of the United States attract during the 1930's? |
|
Definition
| Intellectuals but only for a short period of time |
|
|
Term
| In what groups was communist influence present in the United States? |
|
Definition
-CIO
-New Yorks Group Theater
-WPA Arts Project
-Abraham Lincoln Brigade |
|
|
Term
| What were the most popular movie themes of the 1930's? |
|
Definition
-Gangsters
-Screwball comedies
-Musicals with song and dance spectacles
-Those depicting core American values |
|
|
Term
| Who produced some of the most popular big band sounds? |
|
Definition
-Artie Shaw
-Duke Ellington
-Count Bassie
-Jimmie Lunceford |
|
|
Term
| What act did the Supreme Court uphold the constitutionality of in 1937? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What impact did Roosevelt's Supreme Court battle of 1937 have on him politically? |
|
Definition
| It weakened him politically. |
|
|
Term
| What did Eleanor Roosevelt try to do? |
|
Definition
-End racial discrimination in relief programs
-Have compulsory health insurance
-Pass anti-lunching legislation
-Reform child labor practices |
|
|
Term
| In what ways did racism and discrimination appear in the New Deal? |
|
Definition
-Social Security Act excluded domestic and casual laborers
-Lower wages for blacks were allowed under NRA labor codes
-The hiring policies of the TVA were racist
-The seperate camps established by the CCC |
|
|
Term
| What efforts were made by the New Deal to sidestep or avoid discrimination? |
|
Definition
-Appointment of Mary McLeod Bethuneto the Black Cabinet
-Employment of black workers in RNA construction jobs
-Inclusion of blacks by CIO labor unions
-Choice of Robert Weaver to advise on economic affairs |
|
|
Term
| What did it appear was happening to the New Deal by 1938? |
|
Definition
| It had begun to expire without ending the Depression |
|
|
Term
| What was the last legislation the New Deal included? |
|
Definition
-The National Housing Act
-Emergency spending for the WPA
-The Fair Labor Standards Act
-The Wagner-Steagall Act |
|
|
Term
| What did the Great Depression allow to happen? |
|
Definition
| It allowed demagogues to raise fear and hatred of others. |
|
|
Term
| Some historians believe that World War II actually began with what invasion in what year? |
|
Definition
| The full scale invasion of China in 1937. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the Italian fascist who seized power in 1922 and declared "we have buried the putrid corpse of liberty"? |
|
Definition
| The Italian fascist was Benito Mussolini. |
|
|
Term
| What was Hitler rejecting when he started rebuilding Germany's armed forces? |
|
Definition
| Hitler was rejecting the Versailles Treaty. |
|
|
Term
| What was the German decree of 1935 that denied civil rights to Jews? |
|
Definition
| It was known as the Nuremberg Laws. |
|
|
Term
| What action of Hitler prior to the beginnning of World War II received the most attention from the Western powers? |
|
Definition
| The seizure of Czechslovakia |
|
|
Term
| What did Hitler's assertions include? |
|
Definition
-Doctrine of the racial superiority of Aryans
-Principle of German self determination in Czechslovakia
-Slogan that National Socialism means peace
-Principle in the racial inferiority of the Jews |
|
|
Term
| What groups favored isolationism in the 1930's? |
|
Definition
-The Conservative Committee to Defend America First
-The Communist influenced American League against war and facism
-America First Committee chaired by top sears executive, Robert E. Wood
-Socialist Norman Thomas's Keep America Out of War Congress |
|
|
Term
| What prominent men supported the isolationist Committee to Defend America First? |
|
Definition
-Robert E. Wood
-Henry Ford
-Charles A. Lindbergh
-Robert Young |
|
|
Term
| What were the five acts called which Congress passed, beginning in 1935, to keep the United States out of war? |
|
Definition
| Congress passed the Neutrality Acts in 1935 |
|
|
Term
| What happened after Germany's attack on Poland? |
|
Definition
| The Soviet Union divided Poland with Germany and attacked Finland |
|
|
Term
| To what does the term Blitzkrieg refer? |
|
Definition
| Kind of war adopted by Germany in World War II that used mast fast moving columns of tanks supported by air power. |
|
|
Term
| What was the Lend-Lease Act? |
|
Definition
| The legislation passed in March 1941 that allowed President Roosevelt to provide aid to Great Britain |
|
|
