Term
| White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) |
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Definition
- Informal term for a closed group of high-status Americans mostly of English Protestant ancestry; term implies the group controls disproportionate social and financial power
- Minority protesters charged the WASP establishment with perpetuating a morally bankrupt society that promoted greed, war, racism, and sexism
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- Far-right organization that has advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically expressed through terrorism
- Enforced strict segregation through criminal acts such as lynching and firebombing, perpetrated with impunity and, in some cases, with the active participation of law enforcement officers
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- Social movement in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against black Americans and restoring voting rights to them
- A social and political movement, but also considered a religious one
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- A Baptist preacher and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement
- Practiced nonviolent resistance
- Preached "the gospel of freedom as the true gospel"
- Called upon ethos of the founding fathers to justify civil rights movement
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Bible Literacy (In context)
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Definition
- Slave code forbade slave literacy
- Slaves who could read understood true freedom and justice; this threatened the slave system
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Origins of the Black Church
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Definition
- Rooted in race: the experiences of African Americans in a society where race determines one's place
- Mix of slaves' native religion with Christianity
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- Christian churches that minister to predominantly African-American congregations in the U.S.
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- Leader of the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American activists who wanted equal rights for blacks; strongly protested against lynching, Jim Crow laws, and discrimination in education and employment
- Was intrigued by the power of religion among blacks in the South and wrote extensively on black churches
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- Their treatment of their black neighbors were far more obedient to the strictures of white southern culture than to the commandments of Christ
- "... Southern Baptists defended Negro degradatio in the mid-twentieth century as ferevently as they had Negro slavery in the mid-nineteenth"
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- Founder of the Women's Political Council
- Part of what the book describes as some "determined women" who conducted their own "private guerrilla warfare" against southern segregation
- Entered white-only restroom, sat at "forbidden" lunch counters
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Women's Political Council
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Definition
- An organization that was part of the African-American Civil Rights Movement; it promoted civic involvement, helped increase voter registration, and lobbied city officials to address racist policies
- Council was a vehicle by which Burks and other black women could combine their deep religious faith and political activism through grassroots organization
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Definition
- A minister, politician, and the first bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church
- Emphasized blackness and black Christianity as essential for saving not only blacks ion the segregated South but America itself
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Definition
- Was leader of the SNCC and the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party
- Known as the leader of the Black Power movement; rejected the goal of integration, arguing instead that it was time for black people to control their destinies and "to unite, to recognize their heritage, to build a sense of community"
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Definition
- An African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist
- Was initially a critic of the civil rights movement because of its integrationist goals, later preached a new message: the problem was not white people but an unjust society built on racial discrimination rather than on brotherly love
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Definition
- Outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women
- Ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools; at the workplace, and by facilities that served the general public
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Definition
- Outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African-Americans
- Literacy test, poll taxes, and other related requirements to restrict black voting made illegal
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Definition
- A political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies aimed at promoting the Black racial group
- Emphasized racial pride and the creation of black political and cultural institutions to nurture and promote black collective
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- Obama's pastor; called for God's condemnation of America
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- Described movement to establish independent black churches as the first black freedom movement
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Definition
- Recounts that black leaders took Bible stories like Exodus and used them to create a sense of community and nationhood
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Definition
- Used common religious culture to mobilize the black community for protest and change
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Definition
- Criticized as being contrary to black political advancements; churches provide blacks with material resources and oppositional dispositions; religion contributes to political commitment, church provides platform for political learning
- Communicates powerful messages about religion that applies to civil life
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African American Protestants
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Definition
- Support political liberalism
- support pro-choice positions
- linked to democratic partisanship
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Definition
- Ran a political campaign in the 1980's which was heavily rooted in black churches
- Legitimacy as a candidate came from being a minister and helping with civil rights movement
- Criticized Obama for perceived lack of outreach to African American community
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Definition
- Refers to a person's attempt to influence the existing distribution of power
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Definition
- Act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the government, most often legislators or members of regulatory agencies
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Term
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Definition
- List of questions aimed at extracting specific data from a particular group of people
- Conducted by phone, mail, via the internet, and sometimes face-to-face on busy street corner or in malls
- Census= most commonly known public survey
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Term
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Definition
- An adherent or supporter of a person, group, party, or cause, especially a person who shows a biased, emotional allegiance
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Definition
- Socially agree that something is important
- Bible's meaning is socially constructed
- Come to different conclusion
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Definition
- Started as secular movement
- Religious thinking of planet earth- protect God's gift
- Dominion given by God- responsibility
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Term
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Definition
- Opposite side of dominion argument allows some to think should be used for human kind's sole benefit
- Pushback that it creates neo-paganism
- God takes care of the Earth
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Term
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Definition
- Termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to viability
- Pro-choice- believe that individuals have unlimited autonomy with respect to their own reproductive system as long as they do not breach the autonomy of others
- Pro-life- believes that the govt has an obligation to preserve all human life regardless of intent, viability, or quality-of-life concerns
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Definition
- Landmark decision by the US Supreme Court on the issues of abortion
- Decided simultaneously with a companion case Doe v. Bolton
- It was women's decision to have an abortion
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Term
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Definition
- The court ruled 7-2 that a right to privacy under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment extended to a woman's decision to have an abortion, but that right must be balanced against the state's two legitimate interests in regulating abortions: protecting prenatal life and protecting women's health
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- State of being separate from religion, or not being exclusively allied to any particular religion
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Term
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- System where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections at every level of government and, as a result, all or nearly all elected offices are members of one of the two major parties
- One majority party, one minority party
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Term
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Definition
- Emphasizing salvation by faith in the atoning death of Jesus Christ through personal conversion, the authority of Scripture, and the importance of preaching as contrasted with ritual
- Tend to be more conservative
- Hold that the Bible is the word of God
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Definition
- Use social gospel rather tan actively preach
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Definition
- Religious traditions which are polytheistic
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Definition
- Group or branch of a religion
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Definition
- Romantic or sexual attraction or behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As an orientation, homosexuality refers to "an enduring pattern of or disposition to experience sexual, affectionate, or romantic attractions" primarily or exclusively to people of the same sex
- issue that divides religious and political affiliation
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Definition
- Person who holds middle views
- Extreme views in politics or religiously
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- Holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about or innovation, typically in politics or religion
- Generally align with Republican Party
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- The punishment of execution, administered to someone convicted of a capital crime
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Definition
- A belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group
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Definition
- Presumed majority of people believed to be in favor of a stricter code of public morals
- Associated with right wing conservative
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Term
National Association of Evangelicals
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Definition
- Fellowship of member denominations, churches, organizations, and individuals Its stated goal is to honor God by connecting and representing evangelicals in the US. Today it works in four main areas: Church & Faith Partners, Government Relations, Chaplains Commission, and World Relief. the NAE is a member of the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA).
- Evangelical Environmental Network
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Term
Black Liberation Theology
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Definition
- Found in some Christian churches and the Nation of Islam in the US which contextualizes liberation theology in an attempt to help African-Americans overcome oppression
- Black liberation theology seeks to liberate people of color from multiple forms of political, social, economic, and religious subjugation and views Christian theology as a theology of liberation- "a rational study of being of God in the world in light of the existential situation of an oppressed community, relating the forces of liberation to the essence of the Gospel, which is Jesus Christ."
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Definition
- Refer to the numerous aspects of religious activity, dedication, and belief (religious doctrine)
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference
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Definition
- African-American civil rights organization SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The SCLC had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement.
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Definition
- Represents certain viewpoints among numbers of Christians in the US, but Christians with other beliefs disagree with the organization's ideas. The CCA's values are consistent with those of the Christian Right
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Term
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Definition
- Term used in the US to describe right-wing Christian political groups that are characterized by their strong support of socially conservative policies. Christian conservatives principally seek to apply their understanding of the teaching of Christianity to politics and public policy by proclaiming the value of those teaching and or seeking to use those teaching to influence law and public policy
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- Officially the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, is a group of over 140 autonomous but loosely associated national groupings of churches which together form the world's largest Pentecostal denomination
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Term
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Definition
- A millenialist restorationist Christian denomination with non-Trinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity
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Term
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Definition
- Is a Protestant Christian denomination distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the original seventh day of the Judeo-Christian week, as the Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent second coming (Advent) of Jesus Christ. The denomination grew out of the Millerite movement in the US during the middle part of the 19th century and was formally established in 1863
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Definition
- Outside the law, communication that vilifies a person or a group on the basis of one or more characteristics. Examples include but are limited to: color, disability, ethnicity, gender, nationality, race, religion, and sexual orientation.
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Definition
- Term used for a series of religious conferences organized by the Family Research Council, founded by James Dobson and headed by Tony Perkins, and Dobson's Focus on the Family organizations. According to FRC, the purpose of the events was to request an end to filibusters of judicial nominees that were based, at least in part, on the nominees' religious views or imputed inability to decide cases on the basis of the law regardless of their beliefs
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Definition
- Two perspective: about 70% of Latinos are Catholics and 40% of American Catholics are Latinos
- The former emphasizes the impact of Catholocism on the majority of Latinos while the latter emphasizes the way in which Latinos constitute an ever-larger presence of American Catholics and thus impacting the church
- They tend to be more Democratic than other Catholics and Hispanic Protestants
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Definition
- Mexican-American labor rights leader for migrant laborers in the 1970's
- Often overlooked is his profound faith and his usage of religious symbols like the Virgin of Guadalupe to mobilize Hispanic Catholics
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Definition
- A term often used when discussing the lack of a cohesive or identifiable Hispanic religious/political community (such as the black church). Likely no real Hispanic Church because Catholic churches were dominated by whites, thus producing few visible Hispanic figures
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Definition
- A person of mixed (usually Spanish and Native) origin in Mexico and Central America. Such blending produced a religious syncretism where Catholic values and traditions were blended with native religions. this mixture evoked hostile feelings from American Catholics to Latino immigrants
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Definition
- A movement to spur greater inclusiveness for Latinos in American Catholic life. Led to some reforms and broader acceptance of Latinos in Catholic parishes and use of Spanish
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Term
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Definition
- These are two different philosophies regarding Latinos in the Catholic Church Assimilation, the abandonment of prior values and culture seems to have been beaten by integration, a philosophy that encouraged efforts like Spanish masses to bring Hispanic parishioners
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Definition
- This group of Latino voters leans toward the Republican Party while most other Latino group trend Democratic
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Term
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Definition
- Expected to be Republican yet vote Democratic due to voting for social programs than economic self-interest
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Definition
- Fading but Jews were component of this and have kept their Democratic affiliation
- alignment of interest groups and voting blocs that supported the New Deal and voted for Democratic presidential candidates from 1932 until the late 1960s
- Made the Democratic Party the majority during this period
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Norman Podhoretz and Irving Kristol
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Definition
- Jewish elites moving to conservative camps, neo-conservative being followed by large number of Jews
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Definition
- Black and Hasidic Jews clashed violently
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Definition
- Six day war between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, and Syria
- Israel started the war bombing Egypt
- Israeli forces had taken control of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria
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Definition
- Raised the profile of Orthodox Judaism and was easily accepted by society
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Israeli/Palestinian Conflict
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Definition
- Very important to Jews when voting
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Term
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Definition
- Have altered the character of Islam to fit the black community
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Term
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Definition
- From Pakistan, India, etc. High social class
- Largest Muslim group in US
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Definition
- From Saudi Arabia, Yeoman, etc.
- Generally high educated, immigrant population
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- Usually lower wage workers
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- Settled by Mormons and home of the LDS Church's world headquarters
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Term
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Definition
- Banned gay marriage in California
- Mormons were urged by leaders to vote for and become actively involved in the campaign for Proposition 22
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Definition
- Senate majority leader and member of LDS Church
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Term
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Definition
- Former presidential candidate and Massachusetts governor, also a member of the LDS Church
- Book refers to 2004 presidential nomination campaign, citing his Mormonism as a large factor of why he did receive the Republican nomination
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Term
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Definition
- "The process by which candidates, parties, and groups induce other people to participate"
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Term
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Definition
- "Mormons have great potential for political activity. Likely kindling, they can be lit, ignited by the spark of explicit direction from their Church leaders. However, much of the flammability is due to the relative infrequency with which Mormons are mobilized by their leader"
- Term used to refer to political participation of Mormons; they are mostly politically neutral but when they take a stance on an issue, it is uniform and powerful
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Term
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Definition
- Mormons are a politically and culturally distinctive group
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- Conservative and cohesive
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- Slavery and polygamy (direct attack on Mormons) Republican Party's 1856 party platform
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- governor of Missouri, who issued an order that the Mormons must be driven from the state or 'exterminated'
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- founder of the LDS Church
- established the LDS Church in 1830
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Term
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- Dominated Utah politics until it was disbanded in 1891 by Church leaders who saw that Utah's unique political landscape was an impediment to achieving statehood
- Disbaned so Utah could join the Union
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- One of the LSD's governing authorities, was a conservative Republican of national stature
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Term
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- A high ranking LDS Church official, identified as a Democrat
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Term
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Definition
- The LDS Church's highest ranking governing body
- The LDS president (highest official) and his two counselors
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Term
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Definition
- churches that ask a lot of their members in behavioral restrictions and financial commitment
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Expectations of LDS Church members
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Definition
- They are expected to spend a significant amount of time at church meetings, 10% tithe of their income, assignments within congregation, traveling to LDS temple, and sometime during their life ministry work
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Term
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
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Definition
- Immediately below the First Presidency in both stature and decision-making authority
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General Authorities ("The Brethren")
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- Both the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. They oversee the global operation of the LDS Church. Their role is administrative as well as pastoral, because they are the policy making body for the entire Church
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Definition
- Individual congregations who are run entirely by lay members
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- Republican congressman who alleged that "liberals hate real Americans that work and accomplish and achieve and believe in God"
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- Issues such as the War in Iraq and the economy. The types of issues focused on in the economy.
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Definition
- Black Protestant are the most economically liberal, Evangelical Protestants are the least economically liberal. Also, "we find that racial and ethnic minorities are the most supportive of economic liberalism."
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Support for the Democratic Party
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Definition
- "Black, Hispanic, Jews and seculars are more likely to support the Democratic Party than evangelical protestants and Latter Day Saints
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Term
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Definition
- "People who opposed a greater role for the government were more likely to justify their positions based on "moral" and individualistic principles"
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Term
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- Argued that the culture war cuts across religious traditions and divides society into orthodox forces with unyielding principles and progressive supporters with shifting standards
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Division Among Religious Groups
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- Religious groups are most divided about whether views of morality should be adjusted to a changing world
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Term
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- Political faction that touted Black Nationalism through Islam
- Most prominent in the '60s when it was led by Elijah Muhammad and represented by Malcolm X (who would later denounce some of the Black Nationalist ideas)
- Split into two factions after 1975, a larger, milder one led by Elijah's son Iman Warith and an original radical one led by Louis Farrakhan
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Term
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Definition
- Islamists see no benefit in secular democracy; they seek no incorporation in American society but strive to transform US into strictly Muslim country
- Muslims believe Islam is fulfilled in American values and religious, political, and social freedom is beneficial to faith; seek more incorporation into American society
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Term
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
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Definition
- Mormon church with a strong influence in Utah; controversial from inception
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Term
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Definition
- Held in equal regard to Bible by Mormons; includes doctrine that differ from Christianity inn matters such as the origin of God, the Trinity, roles of salvation, nature of man, original sin, baptism, temple rights, and polygamy
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Term
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Definition
- A "just society" within America created by Mormons; unified communities that followed Mormon ideals on economic, social, and political matters. Their tendency to vote as a bloc made them a threat and they were persecuted
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Term
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Definition
- Mormon leader after Joseph Smith was killed in 1844; led Mormons to Utah
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Term
| Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 |
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Definition
- Gave people the right to choose whether their states would be slave or free; Republicans said if this choice was lawful, Utah should be able to vote on the lawfulness of polygamy
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Polygamy Controversy in Utah
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Definition
- One of the main reasons that most states opposed Utah's entrance into the Union; LDS president ended practice in 1890 so Utah could join the Union
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- Example of how minority religions become unified in the US; American Hinduism refers to how Hindus have unified around their ethnic Indian identity and adopted Hindu nationalist politics into their political stances in America
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- Established that displaying the Ten Commandments at the Texas State Capitol did not violate the First Amendment because it conveyed a historic and social meaning rather than a religious endorsement. Shows how minority religious come into the scene of American politics
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