Term
In the Columbian Exchange, the Old World and the New World exchanged ________. (See chapter 1)
A. animal, plant, and microbial life forms
B. technologies
C. religious beliefs
D. political systems
E. scientific theories |
|
Definition
| A. animal, plant, and microbial life forms |
|
|
Term
The most significant factor that allowed large numbers of nomadic hunters to enter the heart of North America was ________.(See chapter 1)
A. the domestication of horses
B. global warming
C. population growth
D. the search for new food supplies
E. the growing diversity of people |
|
Definition
| D. the search for new food supplies |
|
|
Term
The agricultural practices of pre-Columbian tribes in the Northeast were characterized by: (See chapter 1)
A. extensive irrigation systems.
B. the development of metal-tipped plows.
C. a sacred respect for trees that kept people from cutting them down.
D. a rapid exploitation of the land.
E. an emphasis on tobacco cultivation. |
|
Definition
| D. a rapid exploitation of the land. |
|
|
Term
Cahokia was a large trading center located near what present-day city? (See chapter 1)
A. St. Louis
B. Memphis
C. New Orleans
D. Baton Rouge
E. Detroit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Distinct regional cultures developed among the peoples of North America between 10,000 and 2,500 years ago. Over centuries distinct groups developed their own: (See chapter 1)
A. languages
B. social organizations
C. religious beliefs and practices
D. governments
E. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following groups lived in what is now known as the Four Corners region of the United States? (See chapter 1)
A. Hohokam
B. Woodlands
C. Aztecs
D. Anasazi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The eastern third of what is now the United States was inhabited by the: (See chapter 1)
A. plains Indians.
B. woodland Indians.
C. mountain Indians.
D. coastal tribes.
E. pineland tribes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Aztecs were the first group to build cities in the "new world." (See chapter 1)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The single greatest factor that caused the destruction of Native Americans after contact with Europeans was ________. (See chapter 1)
A. disease
B. forced conversions to Christianity
C. forced removal from tribal lands
D. planned genocide
E. warfare |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mounds built by the Adena and Hopewell cultures of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, were built as sacrificial platforms for their religious ceremonies. (See chapter 1)
A.True
B.False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most modern archeologists would agree that the earliest inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere came from which of the following areas of the world? (See chapter 1)
A. South America
B. Europe
C. the Arctic
D. Asia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the Great Plains region, most pre-Columbian societies: (See chapter 1)
A. engaged in sedentary farming.
B. lived in small nomadic tribes.
C. hunted buffalo for survival.
D. used horses.
E. developed a harsh religion that required human sacrifice. |
|
Definition
| C. hunted buffalo for survival. |
|
|
Term
The first truly complex society in the Americas was that of the: (See chapter 1)
A. Maya.
B. Aztecs.
C. Incas.
D. Pueblos.
E. Olmec. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Mississippian people were from the: (See chapter 1)
A. Eastern Woodlands.
B. Great Plains.
C. Great Basin.
D. Pacific Northwest. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The early Native peoples who inhabited most of present-day Canada and Alaska, survived mostly by hunting and fishing. (See chapter 1)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
16. Which of the following early Spanish explorers was made a slave by Indians, later escaped, and made an extraordinary trek across Texas and northern Mexico? (See chapter 2)
A. Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
B. Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
C. Hernán de Soto
D. Pánfilo de Narváez |
|
Definition
| Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca |
|
|
Term
As of the sixteenth century, Europeans had generally built up a greater immunity to smallpox than had the Native Americans. (See chapter 2)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The men largely responsible for Spain's conquest of the New World were known as: (See chapter 2)
A. "Sea Dogs."
B. comerciante.
C. coureurs de bois.
D. los conquistadores.
E. condottiere. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Puritans were the first English colonizers. (See chapter 2)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After having spent several years conquering and profiting from the natives, this Spaniard became a Dominican Friar and spoke out against their exploitation. (See chapter 2)
A. Juan Ponce de León
B. Bartolomé de las Casas
C. Fransicso Vázquez de Coronado
D. Hernán de Soto |
|
Definition
| B. Bartolomé de las Casas |
|
|
Term
The slave trade within Africa did not become prominent until the Europeans began to demand slave labor for the New World. (See chapter 2)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When Europeans arrived in North America, native tribes were generally able to unite in opposition to white encroachments on their land. (See chapter 2)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Christopher Columbus called the native people he encountered on his voyages "Indians" because: (See chapter 2)
A. he believed they came from the East Indies in the Pacific.
B. it is what the natives called themselves.
C. he mispronounced their actual name.
D. Norse seamen had first used the term.
E. he wanted to hide his discovery from rival explorers. |
|
Definition
| A. he believed they came from the East Indies in the Pacific. |
|
|
Term
The first permanent Spanish settlement in what is now the United States was: (See chapter 2)
A. New Orleans.
B. St. Augustine.
C. Santa Fe.
D. St. Louis.
E. San Francisco. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
On his first voyage to the New World, Columbus realized that he had not reached Japan or China. (See chapter 2)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the sixteenth century, the market for slaves grew dramatically as a result of:
(See chapter 2)
A. the rising European demand for sugar cane.
B. the need for labor in the tobacco fields.
C. a desire to Christianize Africans.
D. the English entry into the slave market.
E. the need for labor in the rice plantations of South Carolina. |
|
Definition
| A. the rising European demand for sugar cane. |
|
|
Term
The colony of Virginia was named in honor of: (See chapter 2)
A. Virginia Dare.
B. Walter Raleigh.
C. Humphrey Gilbert.
D. Elizabeth I.
E. Queen Mary. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The first and perhaps most profound result of the meeting of native and European cultures was the: (See chapter 2)
A. exchange of plants and animals.
B. European adoption of native customs.
C. native adoption of European ways of waging war.
D. intermarriage of Europeans and natives.
E. importation of European diseases. |
|
Definition
| E. importation of European diseases. |
|
|
Term
The Portuguese explored West Africa searching for ________. (See chapter 2)
A. slaves
B. gold
C. ivory
D. malaguetta pepper
E. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cortés might not have been able to defeat the Aztecs had it not been for an epidemic of smallpox that decimated the native population. (See chapter 2)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After 1618, the Virginia Company's principal means of attracting new settlers was ________. (See chapter 3)
A. the granting of religious freedom
B. liberal suffrage requirements
C. a system of land grants called headrights
D. payment of passage by the company
E. impressment |
|
Definition
| C. a system of land grants called headrights |
|
|
Term
The British Navigation Acts were designed to protect England from foreign competition in the colonies. (See chapter 3)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The aspect of the Atlantic Slave trade named the "middle passage" refers to:
(See chapter 3)
A. the first year in American ports when "unseasoned slave" were trained to become seasoned slaves
B. transporting of black African captives across the Atlantic aboard ships whose below decks where packed with several hundred men, women, and children
C. the capturing and transporting of black Africans, who were marched from the interior to slave ship on the Gold Coast
D. transporting of slaves from the Brazil and the Caribbean to the North American mainland |
|
Definition
| B. transporting of black African captives across the Atlantic aboard ships whose below decks where packed with several hundred men, women, and children |
|
|
Term
The "starving time" in Jamestown during the winter of 1609-1610 was partly the result of: (See chapter 3)
A. unwillingness, or ignorance of how, to do any labor and grow crops
B. the extermination of the Indians who used to grow crops.
C. an influx of rats from settlers' ships that ate much of the stored grains.
D. a drought that led to crop failures.
E. the sinking of the colonists' supply ship in the Atlantic. |
|
Definition
| A. unwillingness, or ignorance of how, to do any labor and grow crops |
|
|
Term
In 1622, the Native American tribes of Virginia ________. (See chapter 3)
A. attacked the English settlements
B. formed an alliance with the Native American tribes of New England
C. established permanently good relations with the English settlers
D. learned from the English settlers how to grow tobacco
E. migrated westward to avoid future contact with settlers |
|
Definition
| A. attacked the English settlements |
|
|
Term
Those who migrated to the Chesapeake Bay area as indentured servants were ________. (See chapter 3)
A. usually from the dregs of English society
B. English farmers who saw a better future in the New World
C. normally single, lower-class males in their teens or early twenties
D. married individuals who came with their families
E. generally convicted criminals who traded jail time in England for indentures |
|
Definition
| C. normally single, lower-class males in their teens or early twenties |
|
|
Term
Caribbean colonies built their economies on: (See chapter 3)
A. the slave trade.
B. shipbuilding.
C. cultivation of sugar
D. fishing.
E. rum running and piracy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In 1680, the Pueblo Indians rose in revolt against Spanish settlers after the Spanish missionaries and civil officials: (See chapter 3)
A. attempted to convert the Pueblos to Catholicism.
B. made efforts at suppressing Indian religious rituals.
C. demanded tribute from the Indians.
D. began to export Pueblos out of the colony to be sold as slaves.
E. banned intermarriage between Spanish and Pueblo couples. |
|
Definition
| B. made efforts at suppressing Indian religious rituals. |
|
|
Term
The first important economic boom in Jamestown resulted from: (See chapter 3)
A. the discovery of gold and silver.
B. fur trade with the Indians.
C. the production of tobacco.
D. a development of fisheries and lumber.
E. the cultivation of cotton. |
|
Definition
| C. the production of tobacco. |
|
|
Term
Originally, the Georgia colony excluded: (See chapter 3)
A. free blacks.
B. slaves.
C. indentured servants.
D. hard liquor.
E. both slaves and hard liquor |
|
Definition
| E. both slaves and hard liquor |
|
|
Term
Among the issues that sparked Bacon's Rebellion can be found all of the following except: (See chapter 3)
A. political offices in the colony were monopolized by a select few favorites
B. conflict between Protestants and Catholics
C. tension between Indians and the expanding colonial population on the frontier
D. access to trade with the Indians |
|
Definition
| B. conflict between Protestants and Catholics |
|
|
Term
The site chosen for the Jamestown settlement: (See chapter 3)
A. it was low and swampy and subject to outbreaks of malaria.
B. was located inland so as to prevent attacks.
C. bordered the territories of powerful Indian tribes.
D. was set on swampy land
E. All of the above. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
To resolve the problem of the vast expenses New World settlement required, English merchant-capitalists introduced the concept of ________. (See chapter 3)
A. proprietorship
B. primogeniture
C. the joint-stock company
D. feudalism
E. mercantilism |
|
Definition
| C. the joint-stock company |
|
|
Term
Initially, Lord Baltimore intended that Maryland be a haven for ________. (See chapter 3)
A. Quakers
B. Puritans
C. Catholics
D. Baptists
E. Separatists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After 1680, most blacks who came to the English colonies in North America came directly from Africa. (See chapter 3)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How did someone become a member of a church in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
(See chapter 4)
A. They became part of whatever church was in their community.
B. A person who already belonged to the church had to provide testimony for anyone new who wanted to join.
C. Those wishing to join had to convince ministers and church members that they had experienced a genuine spiritual rebirth or "conversion"
D. A person had to perform community service before being allowed to join a community church.
E. The church community would vote to decide whether to let a new member in. |
|
Definition
| C. Those wishing to join had to convince ministers and church members that they had experienced a genuine spiritual rebirth or "conversion" |
|
|
Term
The Puritans of Massachusetts Bay believed that the best way to reform the Church of England was to ________. (See chapter 4)
A. separate from it and reform it from the outside
B. rely on help from the English monarchy
C. remain in the Church and reform it from the inside
D. refuse to associate with it in any way
E. actively work to destroy the tenets with which they disagreed |
|
Definition
| C. remain in the Church and reform it from the inside |
|
|
Term
One reason Roger Williams was deported from the Massachusetts colony was he:
(See chapter 4)
A. was a confirmed Separatist.
B. argued that the colony should maintain allegiance to the Church of England.
C. said the land occupied by the colonists belonged to the Indians.
D. attempted to take over the leadership of the colony.
E. advocated the principle of plural marriage. |
|
Definition
| C. said the land occupied by the colonists belonged to the Indians. |
|
|
Term
Under the Dominion of New England King James the II: (See chapter 4)
A. preserved existing colonial legislative assemblies.
B. abolished all northern colonial assemblies
C. only consolidated what now constitutes New England into one entity
D. did away with the Navigation Acts |
|
Definition
| B. abolished all northern colonial assemblies |
|
|
Term
Immigration was the most important factor accounting for New England's colonial population growth. (See chapter 4)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The financial success of the French empire in North America depended upon the ________. (See chapter 4)
A. fur trade
B. complete annihilation of the Native American tribes in Canada
C. discovery of huge amounts of gold
D. conversion of the Indians to Catholicism
E. withdrawal of the Spanish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The document in which the Pilgrims established a civil government for their Plymouth colony has become known as the ________. (See chapter 4)
A. Bill of Rights
B. Mayflower Compact
C. Statement of Principles
D. Cambridge Agreement
E. Plymouth Agreement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following colonies is not properly matched with its founder? (See chapter 4)
A. Rhode Island-Roger Williams
B. Plymouth-Thomas Hooker
C. Massachusetts Bay-John Winthrop
D. Pennsylvania-William Penn |
|
Definition
| B. Plymouth-Thomas Hooker |
|
|
Term
Life expectancy in New England was higher than in England and in the rest of British North America. (See chapter 4)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The lives of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson provide strong evidence that ________. (See chapter 4)
A. Puritans seldom disagreed on matters of theology
B. Massachusetts Bay officials insisted on freedom of religious thought and expression
C. Massachusetts Bay faced difficulties in creating the perfect society in America
D. Massachusetts Bay Colony sent preachers to frontiers as missionaries to the Indians
E. most Puritans had wanted to break away from the Church of England |
|
Definition
| C. Massachusetts Bay faced difficulties in creating the perfect society in America |
|
|
Term
Anne Hutchinson's teaching threatened to undermine the spiritual authority of the established clergy because she: (See chapter 4)
A. started explaining church sermons to gatherings of her neighbors, and elaborating ideas of her own
B. preached that the clergy was corrupt.
C. denounced clergymen who were also politicians.
D. stressed faith over good works.
E. tried to establish a female clergy. |
|
Definition
| A. started explaining church sermons to gatherings of her neighbors, and elaborating ideas of her own |
|
|
Term
Both the Pequot War and King Philip's War ended disastrously for the Indians.
(See chapter 4)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The founders of this colony drew Puritan settlers from surrounding colonies by guaranteeing land, religious freedom, and a representative government, in exchange for an small annual fee for the use of the land. (See chapter 4)
A. Delaware
B. Connecticut
C. New Jersey
D. New York |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The distinguishing feature of the Puritan's theological beliefs was: (See chapter 4)
A. that each congregation should conduct its own affairs independently, answering to no other authority
B. the idea of divine sovereignty known as predestination
C. that God was all-knowing and all powerful
D. that they needed to purge the English church of all Roman Catholic "corruptions" |
|
Definition
| B. the idea of divine sovereignty known as predestination |
|
|
Term
What was a deterrent to the French dream of a vast American empire? (See chapter 4)
A. poor relations with the Indians of Canada and the West
B. the French monarchs' insistence that Canada remain off limits to protestant Huguenots
C. too many French settlers moving to the New World too quickly
D. an inability to find anything of economic consequence in the New World
E. too much competition with the English settlers over land in the New World |
|
Definition
| B. the French monarchs' insistence that Canada remain off limits to protestant Huguenots |
|
|
Term
Backcountry communities ________. (See chapter 5)
A. were rigidly governed by the colonial governments
B. incorporated some aspects of Indian culture into their own way of life
C. tended to be very crowded because land was scarce
D. tended to live in isolation and were very self-sufficient |
|
Definition
| D. tended to live in isolation and were very self-sufficient |
|
|
Term
Which region was NOT considered part of the eighteenth-century Spanish borderlands? (See chapter 5)
A. California
B. New Mexico
C. Louisiana
D. Texas
E. Florida |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The factor most responsible for the growth of the colonial population between 1700 and 1770 was ________. (See chapter 5)
A. the natural reproduction of colonial families
B. the great wave of immigration during that period
C. the program of forced migration instituted by the monarchy
D. the dramatic upsurge in the importation of slaves
E. the intermarriage between settlers and Native Americans |
|
Definition
| A. the natural reproduction of colonial families |
|
|
Term
The Stono Rebellion: (See chapter 5)
A. led to the death of dozens of white Virginian colonists.
B. saw slaves in South Carolina attempt to escape from the colony.
C. led to the banning of the slave trade in Maryland.
D. prompted Georgia to strengthen its laws on slavery.
E. led planters to resume hiring indentured servants for their labor needs.
65. Although England's lower classes were larger and worse off than those in the colonies, England had a much larger middle class (traders, professionals, and artisans) than the colonies. (See chapter 5) |
|
Definition
| B. saw slaves in South Carolina attempt to escape from the colony. |
|
|
Term
Although England's lower classes were larger and worse off than those in the colonies, England had a much larger middle class (traders, professionals, and artisans) than the colonies. (See chapter 5)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The "middle ground" refers a pattern of creative, mutual compromises that characterized French-Indian relations in North America. (See chapter 5)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which provides the strongest evidence that eighteenth-century slavery was based on racist views? (See chapter 5)
A. Slave status depended entirely on the amount of money a person had, and blacks had little money.
B. The status of a person as a slave depended on where the person was born, and being born in Africa made a person a slave.
C. The status of a person as a slave depended entirely on skin color.
D. The status of a person as a slave depended partly on skin color and partly on intelligence.
E. The status of a person as a slave depended entirely on social class. |
|
Definition
| C. The status of a person as a slave depended entirely on skin color. |
|
|
Term
There were no significant slave rebellions during the colonial era. (See chapter 5)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
By the mid-eighteenth century, a distinct colonial merchant class came into existence because of: (See chapter 5)
A. the abolishment of the British Navigation Acts.
B. the development of a substantial colonial manufacturing industry.
C. all major colonial cities were seaports, and commerce, the lifeblood of seaport economies was managed by merchants.
D. ready access to manufactured goods.
E. All these answers are correct. |
|
Definition
| C. all major colonial cities were seaports, and commerce, the lifeblood of seaport economies was managed by merchants. |
|
|
Term
The Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s: (See chapter 5)
A. began as a call for young men to become ministers.
B. appealed to people of all classes, ethnic groups, and races
C. united the traditional northern churces
D. failed to take root in southern colonies. |
|
Definition
| B. appealed to people of all classes, ethnic groups, and races |
|
|
Term
Regarding colonial life expectancy during the seventeenth century: (See chapter 5)
A. backcountry settlers had a similar life expectancy as settlers in coastal areas.
B. life expectancy was highest in the southern colonies.
C. one in two white children in the Chesapeake died in infancy.
D. men had a shorter life expectancy than women.
E. life expectancy in New England was unusually high. |
|
Definition
| E. life expectancy in New England was unusually high. |
|
|
Term
Since whites outnumbered blacks in all of Britain's mainland colonies except for South Carolina, throughout the eighteenth century slave rebellions occurred far less frequently on the mainland of North America than in the Caribbean and Brazil. (See chapter 5)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The first American college was: (See chapter 5)
A. Columbia.
B. Harvard.
C. Yale.
D. William and Mary.
E. Princeton. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The most numerous of the non-English immigrants were the: (See chapter 5)
A. Scotch-Irish.
B. Pennsylvania Dutch.
C. French Huguenots.
D. Scottish Highlanders.
E. Germans. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Because for the most part Parliament made no effort to assert its authority in America until 1754, the colonies experienced a great deal of freedom in handling their local affairs. (See chapter 5)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The proposed Albany Plan of 1754: (See chapter 6)
A. was intended to give the colonies greater independence from royal authority.
B. recognized the land rights of Indian tribes living within the colonies.
C. was approved by the colonial assemblies but was vetoed by Parliament.
D. revealed the difficulties colonies had in cooperating with each other.
E. attempted to create a united front with New France against Indian attacks |
|
Definition
| D. revealed the difficulties colonies had in cooperating with each other. |
|
|
Term
The leading colonial figure in the Boston Massacre was: (See chapter 6)
A. Samuel Adams.
B. Thomas Jefferson.
C. Patrick Henry.
D. James Otis.
E. George Mason. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What future American revolutionary figure surrendered to French forces in 1754 at Fort Necessity in the Ohio Valley? (See chapter 6)
A. George Washington
B. Patrick Henry
C. James Madison
D. Benedict Arnold
E. John Adams |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
England was fortunate that King George III was young, bright, and surprisingly mature for his age. (See chapter 6)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The events of Lexington and Concord: (See chapter 6)
A. saw the colonists try to surprise the British by seizing a British arsenal.
B. saw the Americans lose many more men than the British.
C. occurred before there was a formal American declaration of independence.
D. was the first victory for George Washington in the conflict with England.
E. further alienated Massachusetts from the more moderate colonies in the Chesapeake. |
|
Definition
| C. occurred before there was a formal American declaration of independence. |
|
|
Term
Because they needed protection, colonists in both the East and the West were glad to have regular British troops stationed permanently in America. (See chapter 6)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What was the significance of Thomas Paine's Common Sense? (See chapter 6)
A. It informed the colonists of their identity as a distinct people and their destiny as a nation
B. It acknowledged the sovereignty of the monarch.
C. It persuaded colonial elites to sever their ties with Great Britain.
D. It had little immediate popularity among the colonists.
E. It did not criticize all monarchs, just George III. |
|
Definition
| A. It informed the colonists of their identity as a distinct people and their destiny as a nation |
|
|
Term
In 1763, Ottawa Chief Pontiac ________. (See chapter 6)
A. made peace with the colonists
B. signed a treaty with the British
C. initiated a strategic withdrawal from colonial lands
D. expressed support for the colonists' cause
E. organized a general uprising |
|
Definition
| E. organized a general uprising |
|
|
Term
The Proclamation of 1763: (See chapter 6)
A. disrupted England's western trade in the colonies.
B. was generally effective.
C. was supported by many Indian tribes.
D. encouraged settlement of the western edge of the colonies.
E. led to renewed conflict with the remaining French colonists in the west. |
|
Definition
| C. was supported by many Indian tribes. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following stated Parliament's belief in its own sovereignty? (See chapter 6)
A. Townshend Acts
B. Declaratory Act
C. Coercive Acts
D. Stamp Act
E. Sovereignty Act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Parliament responded to the Boston Tea Party by: (See chapter 6)
A. withdrawing its military protection of Massachusetts.
B. reducing the powers of self-government in Massachusetts.
C. reducing the geographic size of the colony.
D. threatening to launch a war against the Massachusetts militia.
E. repealing the Tea Act. |
|
Definition
| B. reducing the powers of self-government in Massachusetts. |
|
|
Term
The author of Common Sense: (See chapter 6)
A. sought to concentrate colonial anger on unpopular parliamentary measures.
B. was an American who had never been to England.
C. sold very few copies of his pamphlet until after the war was won.
D. was arrested by British officials and charged with treason.
E. considered the English constitution to be the greatest problem facing the colonists. |
|
Definition
| E. considered the English constitution to be the greatest problem facing the colonists. |
|
|
Term
According to the terms of the Peace of Paris of 1763: (See chapter 6)
A. France surrendered New Orleans and Canada to the British.
B. England acquired all French naval vessels docked in North American ports.
C. France ceded Canada and all of its claims to land east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans, to Great Britain.
D. France agreed to pay England for the cost of the war.
E. France ceded all of its Caribbean colonies to England. |
|
Definition
| C. France ceded Canada and all of its claims to land east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans, to Great Britain. |
|
|
Term
Colonists were concerned over the immediate impact of the Stamp Act, not its long-range implications. (See chapter 6)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
By the 1750s colonial legislatures had come to see themselves as: (See chapter 6)
A. little parliaments.
B. agents of the royal governor.
C. powerless.
D. agents for democratic reform.
E. agents for the king. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In order to gain the support of moderates and conservatives the Second Continental Congress adopted the "Olive Branch Petition," which affirmed American loyalty to George III. (See chapter 7)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most men preferred to fight as "regular" troops in the Continental Army, with a guarantee of a cash bounty and a yearly clothing issue, than as "irregular" troops in the local militias. (See chapter 7)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Women, sometimes by choice, but more often by necessity, flocked to the camps of the Patriot armies during the Revolutionary War. (See chapter 7)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Olive Branch Petition which was sent to the colonists by King George III offering them an opportunity to affirm their loyalty to the crown, was rejected by the Second Continental Congress. (See chapter 7)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The principal Americans who negotiated the peace terms with the British were:
(See chapter 7)
A. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson.
B. Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, and John Adams.
C. John Hancock, Benjamin Franklin, and Samuel Huntington.
D. Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.
E. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay. |
|
Definition
| E. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay. |
|
|
Term
In spite of rhetoric proclaiming "all men are created equal," slavery survived in America for nearly a century after the Revolution because whites: (See chapter 7)
A. harbored racist assumptions about the natural inferiority of blacks.
B. never considered it immoral or wrong.
C. feared free blacks would return to Africa.
D. refused to consider plans to compensate slaveholders for gradual emancipation of slaves.
E. believed slave labor enhanced American states in world trade. |
|
Definition
| A. harbored racist assumptions about the natural inferiority of blacks. |
|
|
Term
What was the role of the colonial militias? (See chapter 7)
A. They played a decisive role in several major battles.
B. They kept the slave population in line.
C. They maintained political control in areas not occupied by British troops.
D. They consisted mainly of African Americans.
E. They would sometimes switch sides if they did not get paid. |
|
Definition
| C. They maintained political control in areas not occupied by British troops. |
|
|
Term
In the final phase (1778-81) of the American Revolution, the British: (See chapter 7)
A. mounted its largest military assault against the Continental Army.
B. badly overestimated the support of American Loyalists.
C. made a focused effort to win public support in the northern colonies.
D. concentrated its efforts on capturing individual Patriots.
E. began a policy of "total war" that resulted in several cities being burned to the ground. |
|
Definition
| B. badly overestimated the support of American Loyalists. |
|
|
Term
Most of America's war materials came from: (See chapter 7)
A. American manufacturers.
B. the seizure of British forts and the surrender of British armies.
C. the capture of supply ships by American privateers.
D. foreign aid.
E. the Springfield armory. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following actions on the part of the Britain increased American colonists' support for the war? (See chapter 7)
A. seizing colonial merchant ships on the high seas
B. offering freedom to any slaves who would join the British
C. shelling of Norfolk, Virginia, reducing the town to smoldering rubble
D. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During the American Revolution, enslaved African Americans in the colonies:
(See chapter 7)
A. joined the British army in large numbers to fight against their American masters.
B. attempted to escape bondage by different means, including escaping to the North, and serving in the revolutionary or British armies.
C. were offered their freedom by Americans if they fought against the British.
D. tried to help Loyalists escape to Canada in exchange for their freedom.
E. were not significantly affected by the conflict. |
|
Definition
| B. attempted to escape bondage by different means, including escaping to the North, and serving in the revolutionary or British armies. |
|
|
Term
At the start of the Revolution, American advantages over the British included a:
(See chapter 7)
A. greater commitment to the war.
B. larger number of troops.
C. better equipped navy.
D. more coherent military command structure.
E. better relationship with Native American tribes. |
|
Definition
| A. greater commitment to the war. |
|
|
Term
The areas that least supported the Revolution were the middle colonies and the southern colonies. (See chapter 7)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The rebelling colonies had access to sufficient local resources to fight a successful revolution. (See chapter 7)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How was slavery an obvious contradiction to the principles of the American republic? (See chapter 8)
A. Slavery showed how poorly treated black women were.
B. Americans claimed to be fighting for freedom, but still enslaved others.
C. Slavery funded much of the Revolution, so it was part of the new republic.
D. Slavery was a British institution and had no place in an independent America.
E. People who fought in the war and enslaved others were too violent for a republic. |
|
Definition
| B. Americans claimed to be fighting for freedom, but still enslaved others. |
|
|
Term
The most important issue not yet addressed when the Constitutional Convention adjourned was: (See chapter 8)
A. the question of counting slaves for representation.
B. whether to have an executive or not.
C. the absence of a national bill of rights.
D. the question of the power of the national government to tax.
E. how the president would be elected |
|
Definition
| C. the absence of a national bill of rights. |
|
|
Term
James Madison's Virginia Plan proposed: (See chapter 8)
A. revision and strengthening of the Articles of Confederation.
B. representatives to both houses apportioned according to the population, instead of each state having a single vote.
C. a unicameral national legislature with equal representation for the states.
D. a bicameral national legislature with state representatives in both houses chosen by popular vote.
E. the direct election of the president. |
|
Definition
| B. representatives to both houses apportioned according to the population, instead of each state having a single vote. |
|
|
Term
The Articles of Confederation were adopted when states gave up their: (See chapter 8)
A. power to regulate trade.
B. power to make war.
C. claims to western lands.
D. right to levy their own taxes.
E. plans for emancipation. |
|
Definition
| C. claims to western lands. |
|
|
Term
Ratification of the new Constitution: (See chapter 8)
A. required only nine states, and special ratifying conventions for approval
B. was done by state legislatures
C. could not occurr until Rhode Island voted for ratification
D. All of the above |
|
Definition
| A. required only nine states, and special ratifying conventions for approval |
|
|
Term
The proposed new Constitution of 1787 called for the election of a president by ________. (See chapter 8)
A. a direct vote of the people
B. the state legislatures
C. an electoral college
D. the federal congress
E. the Senate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The three-fifths rule concerned the issue of ________. (See chapter 8)
A. whether to count slaves as part of the population
B. the number of branches in the national government
C. checks and balances
D. presidential power
E. the number of votes required in the House to pass legislation |
|
Definition
| A. whether to count slaves as part of the population |
|
|
Term
The "Antifederalists" arguments included all of the following EXCEPT: (See chapter 8)
A. cautioned that extending a republic over a large territory would separate national legislators from the interests and close oversight of their constituents
B. feared that the new government would widely abuse its powers.
C. feared expansion of the power of the central government at the expense of the states
D. feared that the government too much favored common people over the "well-born."
E. warned expanding the powers of the central government would lead to corrupt and arbitrary rule by new aristocrats |
|
Definition
| D. feared that the government too much favored common people over the "well-born." |
|
|
Term
Shays's Rebellion involved ________. (See chapter 8)
A. discontented New England merchants
B. western settlers demanding Indian territory
C. supporters of freer trade with Great Britain
D. discontented farmers in Massachusetts
E. Continental Army officers who had been denied their pensions |
|
Definition
| D. discontented farmers in Massachusetts |
|
|
Term
The Articles of Confederation could not be amended until all thirteen state legislatures approved. (See chapter 8)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following was NOT proposed by William Paterson's New Jersey Plan? (See chapter 8)
A. a two-house national legislature, giving the federal government too much power.
B. maintaining the national government as a unicameral Congress with each state receivng one vote in Congress
C. increased Congress's power to tax.
D. increased Congress's power to regulate trade
E. appealed to the smaller states since it preserved each state's power in Congress by giving them all an equal vote |
|
Definition
| A. a two-house national legislature, giving the federal government too much power. |
|
|
Term
The Northwest Ordinance laid out the requirements for western territories to become states. (See chapter 8)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The essays known collectively as The Federalist Papers called for the ratification of the Constitution. (See chapter 8)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The compromise that resolved the dispute between the large and the small states included each of the following EXCEPT ________. (See chapter 8)
A. the states would be equally represented in the upper house
B. the slave trade would end immediately
C. the states would be proportionally represented according to population in the lower house
D. a slave would count as three-fifths of a free person in the calculation of population for purposes of representation
E. in the lower house, at the beginning, there would be one representative for every 30,000 inhabitants |
|
Definition
| B. the slave trade would end immediately |
|
|
Term
The new constitution provided Congress with all of the following EXCEPT:
(See chapter 8)
A. power to tax
B. power to regulate commerce
C. veto power over state legislation
D. made it independent and separate from the Executive and Judiciary |
|
Definition
| C. veto power over state legislation |
|
|
Term
In the Constitution, political parties were: (See chapter 9)
A. not mentioned.
B. described as dangerous.
C. encouraged.
D. viewed as temporary factions.
E. specifically proscribed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In 1812, Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun could best be described as: (See chapter 9)
A. Jeffersonians.
B. pacifists.
C. secessionists.
D. Federalists.
E. war hawks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During the War of 1812, Andrew Jackson made a name for himself in Florida and at New Orleans. (See chapter 9)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In 1819, the Transcontinental Treaty negotiated by John Quincy Adams-Luis de Onís dealt with the American purchase of: (See chapter 9)
A. Texas.
B. Ohio.
C. Florida.
D. Illinois.
E. Puerto Rico. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The greatest accomplishment of Chief Justice John Marshall was that he: (See chapter 9)
A. stopped the growth of Republican power.
B. prevented a Federalist revival in New England.
C. refused to expand the power of the judiciary.
D. made the judiciary a coequal branch of government.
E. prevented New England from seceding. |
|
Definition
| D. made the judiciary a coequal branch of government. |
|
|
Term
President Jefferson's response to the violations of American neutral rights was to prohibit American ships from leaving any American port for any port in the world.
(See chapter 9)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Prophet, Tenskwatawa, was significant because he: (See chapter 9)
A. brought Indians to the Christian faith.
B. was Tecumseh's brother.
C. advocated a religious war with southern tribes.
D. convinced the Indians to accept Jefferson's policies.
E. inspired an Indian religious revival that helped unite the tribes. |
|
Definition
| E. inspired an Indian religious revival that helped unite the tribes. |
|
|
Term
Tecumseh was important because he: (See chapter 9)
A. advocated Indian unity to stop white expansion.
B. allied the northwestern Indians with the British in Canada.
C. was able to defeat the Americans at Tippecanoe.
D. helped his brother, the Prophet, in his religious work.
E. became a British army general. |
|
Definition
| A. advocated Indian unity to stop white expansion. |
|
|
Term
128. The policy expressed in the Monroe Doctrine was principally directed at: (See chapter 9)
A. Mexico.
B. Europe.
C. American Indians.
D. Asia.
E. southern slaveholders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Federalists made a last gasp attempt to maintain power by: (See chapter 9)
A. repealing the Alien and Sedition Acts.
B. supporting Aaron Burr for president.
C. creating new federal courts and judges.
D. plotting a revolution to prevent the election of Jefferson.
E. expanding the number of Supreme Court justices. |
|
Definition
| C. creating new federal courts and judges. |
|
|
Term
Under Alexander Hamilton's plan, a new national bank would: (See chapter 9)
A. obtain most of its capital from private investors.
B. facilitate the collection of taxes.
C. provide loans to private businesses.
D. act as a storehouse for federal deposits.
E. All these answers are correct. |
|
Definition
| E. All these answers are correct. |
|
|
Term
Following the British bombardment of Fort McHenry, Francis Scott Key wrote:
(See chapter 9)
A. "Yankee Doodle."
B. "The Battle Hymn of the Republic."
C. "The Pledge of Allegiance."
D. "Stars and Stripes Forever."
E. "The Star-Spangled Banner." |
|
Definition
| E. "The Star-Spangled Banner." |
|
|
Term
Opponents of Alexander Hamilton's proposed national bank argued: (See chapter 9)
A. Congress had no authority to create a national bank.
B. a national bank would lead to currency inflation.
C. a national bank would lead to rampant speculation.
D. Congress had no authority to create a national bank, and a national bank would lead to currency inflation.
E. a national bank would lead to currency inflation and rampant speculation. |
|
Definition
| A. Congress had no authority to create a national bank. |
|
|
Term
The Supreme Court's ruling in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803): (See chapter 9)
A. stated that Congress had the authority to expand the power of the Supreme Court.
B. stated that the Supreme Court did not have the power to nullify an act of Congress.
C. ordered Secretary of State Madison to deliver Marbury his commission.
D. stated that the Congress had no authority to expand the power of the Supreme Court, and that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress.
E. stated that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress, and ordered Secretary of State Madison to deliver Marbury his commission. |
|
Definition
| D. stated that the Congress had no authority to expand the power of the Supreme Court, and that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress. |
|
|
Term
John Marshall was a Federalist who served during several Republican administrations. (See chapter 9)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The distinctive feature of Iroquois and Huron architecture was not the temple mound, but the: (See chapter 1)
A. pueblo.
B. tepee.
C. longhouse.
D. wigwam. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
About 15,000 years ago B.P., which land bridge was used by migrants to cross between Siberia and Alaska? (See chapter 1)
A. Bering Strait
B. Alaskan Strait
C. Siberian Strait
D. Straits of Asia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Recently, scholars have begun to find evidence of incredible manipulations of landscapes and environments in the least likely of places. (See chapter 1)
A. the canyons of the Southwest.
B. the area now known as Mexico City.
C. the Amazon rainforest.
D. the Subarctic. |
|
Definition
| C. the Amazon rainforest. |
|
|
Term
The Columbian Exchange was _____. (See chapter 1)
A. the ecological transformation which resulted from European contact with the Americas
B. a deal between Spaniards and conquered subjects of the Aztecs for the Spaniards to help those subjects from Aztec rule in exchange for allowing Spanish settlement
C. a deal between Spain and Portugal exchanging Portugal's rights to colonize in the Americas for Spain's rights to colonize in East Asia
D. the cultural interaction between Europeans and indigenous Americans |
|
Definition
| A. the ecological transformation which resulted from European contact with the Americas |
|
|
Term
Which of the following, built around 1300, contained more than 2,000 rooms and had a water and sewage removal system? (See chapter 1)
A. Navajos
B. Anasazi
C. Paquime
D. Pueblos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Today it is generally believed that there were fewer Native Americans when the Europeans arrived than there were a century later. (See chapter 1)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In an effort to ensure that his American colonies contributed to England's prosperity, King Charles II initiated a series of regulations known as the: (See chapter 1)
A. mercantile regulations.
B. Navigation Acts.
C. "tariff and tax" laws.
D. Neutrality Acts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following most characterized the Virginia colony in its first two decades? (See chapter 1)
A. the profitability of the Virginia company due to the tobacco boom
B. political stability due to the representative assembly
C. Indian wars
D. high death rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The English Reformation began with a political dispute between king and pope not with a religious dispute over matters of theology. (See chapter 1)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The first European power to explore North America's interior were the: (See chapter 1)
A. English.
B. Spanish.
C. French.
D. Dutch. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What created the conditions of unrest in the Chesapeake that led to local rebellions? (See chapter 1)
A. religious persecution
B. a sharp rise in the death rate
C. political oppression
D. diminishing economic opportunity |
|
Definition
| D. diminishing economic opportunity |
|
|
Term
Portuguese exploration of the late fifteenth century concentrated on finding a route to the Orient by sailing around Africa. (See chapter 1)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The horse, oranges, and bananas were three New World products introduced to Europe. (See chapter 1)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The early Spanish settlers were successful at establishing plantations, but not at finding gold or silver. (See chapter 1)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After 1680, Chesapeake planters began to rely more heavily on African slave labor than on indentured white servants for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that:
(See chapter 1)
A. declining death rates made slaves more profitable than indentured servants.
B. the flow of white servant immigrants was falling off.
C. the pool of available African labor was widening.
D. whites were developing a more egalitarian society. |
|
Definition
| D. whites were developing a more egalitarian society. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is the best description of a "headright"? (See chapter 1)
A. the right of a free settler or sponsor of immigrants to receive 50 acres per person or head
B. the recognized right of the gentry class to rule
C. the right, according to European diplomacy, of the first nation to colonize a river valley to claim all adjacent lands up to its headwaters
D. the absolute property right, according to English law, of a head of a household over his wife, children, servants, and slaves |
|
Definition
| A. the right of a free settler or sponsor of immigrants to receive 50 acres per person or head |
|
|
Term
The English mainland colonies of North America received most of their slaves directly from: (See chapter 1)
A. Africa.
B. Brazil.
C. the West Indies.
D. Portugal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All the following factors explain why Spain conquered the Americas so rapidly, EXCEPT: (See chapter 1)
A. the weakening of native peoples by exposure to European infections.
B. the persistent Indian belief that the Spanish were "gods."
C. political disunity within American native empires.
D. Spanish technological superiority in the form of ships and guns. |
|
Definition
| B. the persistent Indian belief that the Spanish were "gods." |
|
|
Term
The first English attempt to colonize the New World failed. This attempt was led by: (See chapter 1)
A. Gilbert.
B. Fitzgerald.
C. Raleigh.
D. Hakluyt. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which Spanish explorer led the first official expedition to the North American mainland? (See chapter 1)
A. Pánfilo de Narváez
B. Ponce de León
C. Alvar Nú–ez Cabeza de Vaca
D. Francisco Vázquez de Coronado |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What was the precedent set by the English colonization of Ireland? (See chapter 1)
A. that a nearby domain was fair game for conquest
B. that Catholics had a perfect right in the name of the church to conquer Protestants
C. that an inferior race could justifiably be brutally repressed
D. that if the Spanish could attempt an attack on the English, the English could respond with an attack on the Irish |
|
Definition
| C. that an inferior race could justifiably be brutally repressed |
|
|
Term
The Portuguese contributions to the European impact on the Americas included all of the following EXCEPT: (See chapter 1)
A. their leadership in expanding knowledge of the geography of the Atlantic.
B. their skills in ship design and oceanic navigation.
C. the routes for trade opened by Dias and da Gama.
D. the patterns for trade in African slaves. |
|
Definition
| C. the routes for trade opened by Dias and da Gama. |
|
|
Term
Columbus succeeded in reaching the Americas because: (See chapter 1)
A. he was one of the few Europeans who believed the world was round.
B. he grossly underestimated the distance from Europe to the Indies.
C. he convinced the Spanish monarchs to underwrite a fleet of the largest vessels of that day.
D. the Spanish reconquista had failed, and Spain needed a different enterprise. |
|
Definition
| B. he grossly underestimated the distance from Europe to the Indies. |
|
|
Term
Columbus mistakenly labeled the Taino people "Indians," believing that: (See chapter 1)
A. the natives of the Americas originally came from India rather than Siberia.
B. he had reached the East Indies.
C. he had reached the West Indies.
D. he had reached India. |
|
Definition
| B. he had reached the East Indies. |
|
|
Term
What momentous event, which occurred throughout Europe, distracted England from pursuing empire in the 1500s? (See chapter 1)
A. the Reformation
B. the Revolution
C. the Renaissance
D. the Reconnaissance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The economic and social system of the Spanish empire rested on all of the following EXCEPT: (See chapter 1)
A. sugar.
B. spices.
C. silver.
D. slavery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Changes in European society that galvanized the expansion of European peoples and cultures after 1450 included all the following EXCEPT: (See chapter 1)
A. technological advances in seafaring and weaponry.
B. a deflationary spiral that dried up sources of capital.
C. political centralization.
D. religious strife. |
|
Definition
| B. a deflationary spiral that dried up sources of capital. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following was NOT one of the ways that the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay differed from the Pilgrims of Plymouth? (See chapter 1)
A. The Puritans felt a sense of mission to reform England.
B. The Puritans were simpler, less educated folk.
C. The Puritans remained within the established Church of England.
D. The Puritans carried with them a Crown charter for their enterprise. |
|
Definition
| B. The Puritans were simpler, less educated folk. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following was NOT included in Penn's vision for his colony?(See chapter 1)
A. displacing the savage Indians
B. providing a refuge for Quakers from England and elsewhere
C. establishing a model society to reform the failings of Europe
D. generating rental revenue for himself |
|
Definition
| A. displacing the savage Indians |
|
|
Term
The Puritan belief that God was in control of history fueled a zeal to improve society. This belief is known as: (See chapter 1)
A. divine sovereign grace.
B. the Protestant Reformation.
C. the calling to conversion.
D. predestination. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
By 1700, the North American colonies: (See chapter 1)
A. were centralizing political power in the office of the royal governor.
B. were becoming permanent, firmly-rooted societies.
C. enjoyed stable subsistence economies.
D. had learned to accommodate to cultural differences in ethnicity and religion. |
|
Definition
| B. were becoming permanent, firmly-rooted societies. |
|
|
Term
When the English took New Amsterdam, they were able to quickly rid the colony of Dutch influences. (See chapter 1)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the early 1600s, migrants to New England differed from those who went to the Chesapeake in that: (See chapter 1)
A. New England settlement was sponsored by individual proprietors.
B. New England immigrants tended to be motivated by a desire for wealth.
C. New Englanders immigrated in family groups.
D. in the harsher climate of New England, new arrivals often succumbed to disease and death. |
|
Definition
| C. New Englanders immigrated in family groups. |
|
|
Term
In the early decades of New England settlement, new colonies in adjacent areas were often founded because of: (See chapter 1)
A. religious differences.
B. overcrowding in the older towns.
C. the opportunities of the fertile frontier lands.
D. imperial ambitions. |
|
Definition
| A. religious differences. |
|
|
Term
Roger Williams insisted that the land on which Massachusetts was settled belonged to the Indians, not to the king. (See chapter 1)
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The description of Massachusetts Bay Colony using the biblical metaphor of a "city upon a hill" relates to the Puritan founders' idea that the colony should: (See chapter 1)
A. be separate from the world.
B. be located on a readily defensible site.
C. be a refuge for all religious dissenters.
D. serve as an example to the world. |
|
Definition
| D. serve as an example to the world. |
|
|
Term
What was Anne Hutchinson's heresy? (See chapter 1)
A. She embraced controversial positions on doctrine and shared these ideas with others.
B. She performed witchcraft against the minister, John Cotton.
C. She professed herself to be a midwife.
D. She allied herself with Indians on Long Island. |
|
Definition
| A. She embraced controversial positions on doctrine and shared these ideas with others. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1 tells the story of the French activities in North America to make the point that: (See chapter 1)
A. the English were relative latecomers to the colonizing business in North America.
B. the Spanish and English were not the only European powers colonizing the Americas.
C. while the French provide a model for exploitative commercial penetration of North America, the English in New England demonstrate that religion could be an equally powerful motivator.
D. while the French gained a foothold especially through the work of the Jesuits, their settlers were few in comparison with the English Calvinists who settled New England. |
|
Definition
| C. while the French provide a model for exploitative commercial penetration of North America, the English in New England demonstrate that religion could be an equally powerful motivator. |
|
|
Term
Although the inhabitants of the mid-Atlantic colonies enjoyed more secure lives than did most southern colonials, they lacked the common bonds that lent stability to early New England. (See chapter 1)
A. True
B. False |
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Definition
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Term
William Penn and the Quakers differed from the Puritans of New England in their belief that: (See chapter 1)
A. the government should be based on equality and consent.
B. the government should promote morality by passing laws.
C. a model society could be created in America.
D. the state should guarantee all inhabitants freedom of worship |
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Definition
| D. the state should guarantee all inhabitants freedom of worship |
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Term
The Smallpox epidemic that first broke out among American troops in Quebec, spread throughout the North American continent, claiming more lives than the Revolutionary War total death toll. (See chapter 7)
A. True
B. False |
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Definition
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Term
The imperial powers of Britain, Spain and France, and the United States pressed the Indian tribes to become allies and attacked them when they did not. (See chapter 7)
A. True
B. False |
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Definition
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Term
Despite great triumphs on the battlefield and at the diplomatic bargaining table, the Continental Army suffered at Valley Forge because: (See chapter 7)
A. Congress and the civilians responsible for providing for the Army were disorganized and corrupt.
B. the military leadership, in order to instill true discipline, drilled the soldiers beyond their endurance.
C. the winter was unusually harsh and the Army was compelled to camp outdoors.
D. the soldiers were never told of the victories elsewhere. |
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Definition
| A. Congress and the civilians responsible for providing for the Army were disorganized and corrupt. |
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Term
In the war for independence, most Native Americans: (See chapter 7)
A. sided with the rebels.
B. generally maintained neutrality, although a few tribes sided with the rebels.
C. were pressed by the European powers to become allies.
D. sided with the British until Clark took Vincennes. |
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Definition
| C. were pressed by the European powers to become allies. |
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Term
During the winter of 1776-1777, the British gained the support of the civilian populations in New York and New Jersey, when they defeated the Continental army at Trenton. (See chapter 7)
A. True
B. False |
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Definition
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Term
The Declaration of Independence based the case for independence on: (See chapter 7)
A. the violations of colonials' "rights as Englishmen."
B. Parliament's infringements on American liberty.
C. George III's infringements on American liberty.
D. the argument that monarchical government violated both reason and the Bible. |
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Definition
| C. George III's infringements on American liberty. |
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Term
The initial fighting in the war occurred in New England; most engagements in the two years after the Declaration of Independence took place in ________; and the conflict in the later war years raged across ________. (See chapter 7)
A. the Chesapeake; the Hudson valley
B. the Chesapeake; the Carolinas and Georgia
C. the middle states (New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania); the Carolinas and Virginia
D. the port towns in the middle states (New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania); the backcountry |
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Definition
| C. the middle states (New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania); the Carolinas and Virginia |
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Term
The chapter 7 introduction tells the story of the Battle of Bunker Hill to make the point that: (See chapter 7)
A. Americans won their revolution by pitting dedicated amateur soldiers against the might of Britain's professional redcoats.
B. initially the war went badly for the Americans, testing their commitment to liberty and independence.
C. a key in that battle and throughout the war was whether Americans would really fight to win their independence.
D. declaring independence was one thing, but after the Declaration, actually fighting against the authority of one's own king was quite another. |
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Definition
| C. a key in that battle and throughout the war was whether Americans would really fight to win their independence. |
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Term
The Tea Act of 1773: (See chapter 6)
A. raised the price of tea that Americans imported from Britain.
B. gave the East India company a monopoly on the American tea trade.
C. prohibited the consumption of tea in Massachusetts.
D. cracked down on illegal smuggling of tea in the colonies. |
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Definition
| B. gave the East India company a monopoly on the American tea trade. |
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Term
Which of the following was NOT argued by Thomas Paine in Common Sense?
(See chapter 6)
A. Parliament had deliberately and wickedly brought about all of America's misfortunes.
B. Britain had enslaved the chosen people of the new age.
C. Monarchy was a foolish and dangerous form of government.
D. Nature had destined America for independence. |
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Definition
| A. Parliament had deliberately and wickedly brought about all of America's misfortunes. |
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Term
Whose defeat at the makeshift defensive structure known as Fort Necessity began the Seven Years' War? (See chapter 6)
A. George Washington
B. George Grenville
C. James Wolfe
D. the Iroquois |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following British leaders actually supported the colonists' objections to taxation by Parliament? (See chapter 6)
A. William Pitt
B. Lord North
C. John Dickinson
D. Thomas Gordon |
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Definition
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Term
Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, and in the Declaratory Act it declared that it would not tax the colonies in this way again. (See chapter 6)
A. True
B. False |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT an example of how the colonies were beginning to seize authority a year before the Declaration of Independence, during early 1775? (See chapter 6)
A. The Association functioned effectively.
B. Some citizens took the court system into their own hands.
C. Provincial congresses were emerging as virtual revolutionary governments.
D. Many colonial leaders increasingly issued explicit calls for full independence. |
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Definition
| D. Many colonial leaders increasingly issued explicit calls for full independence. |
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Term
Whose defeat at Québec effectively ended the Seven Years' War on the continent of North America? (See chapter 6)
A. the Spanish Navy
B. the marquis de Montcalm
C. James Wolfe
D. the Iroquois |
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Definition
| B. the marquis de Montcalm |
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Term
Immediately after the Revolution, the United States began to have difficulties with Spain. The disputes related to the boundaries of Florida and: (See chapter 8)
A. ownership of Cuba.
B. the boundaries of Texas.
C. navigation rights on the Mississippi.
D. illegal trade with Spanish colonies. |
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Definition
| C. navigation rights on the Mississippi. |
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Term
. The outstanding preacher of the Great Awakening was Jonathan Edwards.
(See chapter 5)
A. True
B. False |
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Definition
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Term
America's first governing document was called the: (See chapter 8)
A. Articles of Confederation.
B. Constitution.
C. Bill of Rights.
D. Jefferson Doctrine. |
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Definition
| A. Articles of Confederation. |
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Term
Which of the following leaders shaped the framing of the federal Constitution more than anyone else? (See chapter 8)
A. George Washington
B. James Madison
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. Alexander Hamilton |
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Definition
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Term
One of the chief controversies that delayed initial ratification of the Articles of Confederation turned out to be the one area of substantial achievement by the Confederation Congress. This related to: (See chapter 8)
A. Indian policy.
B. slavery.
C. western lands.
D. the location of the national capital. |
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Definition
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Term
Some enslaved Africans became skilled crafts workers. (See chapter 8)
A. True
B. False |
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Definition
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Term
The young United States confronted strong challenges from which foreign power(s) at its borders? (See chapter 8)
A. the Spanish and British
B. the French to the west
C. the Dutch to the north
D. the French in the West Indies |
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Definition
| A. the Spanish and British |
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Term
The Alien and Sedition Acts were used primarily: (See chapter 9)
A. to weaken the Republican party.
B. to criticize the president.
C. against immigrants and aliens.
D. against French-and Spanish-sponsored intrigue. |
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Definition
| A. to weaken the Republican party. |
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Term
Which of the following was NOT a charge raised by opponents to Hamilton's program? (See chapter 9)
A. It violated the idea of a broad or loose construction of the Constitution.
B. It clashed with the interests and values of the agrarian, semisubsistence regions.
C. It threatened to lead to English-style monarchism and corruption.
D. It threatened to create a class of moneyed aristocracy. |
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Definition
| A. It violated the idea of a broad or loose construction of the Constitution. |
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Term
The Federalist party: (See chapter 9)
A. wanted a weak government in order to promote economic individualism.
B. opposed a republican form of government.
C. wanted to aid subsistence farmers by printing paper money.
D. wanted to use government power to promote commerce and industry. |
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Definition
| D. wanted to use government power to promote commerce and industry. |
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Term
The Louisiana Purchase was significant for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT that: (See chapter 9)
A. Jefferson's constitutional scruples caused him to hesitate to act in the Republic's best interests.
B. it illustrated Jefferson's enthusiastic interest in the West.
C. it illustrated America's continued ties to world power politics.
D. it secured western access to the sea. |
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Definition
| A. Jefferson's constitutional scruples caused him to hesitate to act in the Republic's best interests. |
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Term
Which president was the first to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C? (See chapter 9)
A. John Adams
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. James Madison
D. James Monroe |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following was NOT one of the goals of Alexander Hamilton's financial proposals? (See chapter 9)
A. stimulate the essentially virtuous nature of ordinary citizens, who could take advantage of new economic opportunities
B. stimulate commerce and manufacturing through the power and positive actions of the national government
C. win the loyalty of the wealthy to the national government
D. make the U.S. as a whole independent of European control by strengthening it economically |
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Definition
| A. stimulate the essentially virtuous nature of ordinary citizens, who could take advantage of new economic opportunities |
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Term
As war broke out in Europe, the Washington administration: (See chapter 9)
A. used the war to foster closer economic ties with Britain.
B. honored the Treaty of 1778 by supporting France.
C. asserted the right to steer a path of neutrality.
D. placed an embargo on all goods to Europe |
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Definition
| C. asserted the right to steer a path of neutrality. |
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Term
In the late 1700s, the white American population was doubling nearly every 20 years, primarily because of: (See chapter 9)
A. accelerating immigration, increasingly from Ireland.
B. the longevity of women.
C. the absorption of new peoples as new territories were acquired.
D. an extremely high birth rate. |
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Definition
| D. an extremely high birth rate. |
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Term
Once in power, Jefferson: (See chapter 9)
A. fully dismantled Hamilton's economic program.
B. respected the independence of the judiciary.
C. eagerly launched a grand construction program for the national capital.
D. increasingly put pragmatic considerations above strict political principles. |
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Definition
| D. increasingly put pragmatic considerations above strict political principles. |
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Term
The influential leaders of the younger Republicans, known as the "War Hawks,"
(See chapter 9)
A. came mostly from New England shipping states.
B. came mostly from the frontier areas and were aggressively nationalistic.
C. militantly opposed any federal economic development program.
D. militantly opposed further territorial expansion. |
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Definition
| B. came mostly from the frontier areas and were aggressively nationalistic. |
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Term
Which group dominated the political and economic life of the seaport towns?
(See chapter 5)
A. descendants of the original founding families
B. the numerous middle-class artisans
C. merchants
D. aristocratic crown officials |
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Definition
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Term
________ was the Spanish empire's last major colonial project in North America.
(See chapter 5)
A. New Mexico
B. California
C. The Texas mission project
D. The Pueblo |
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Definition
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Term
What was the primary reason so many families migrated into the backcountry?
(See chapter 5)
A. to escape governmental authority
B. to worship in freedom
C. to find a healthier environment
D. to obtain land |
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Definition
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Term
The doctrine known as "rational Christianity" stressed which of the following beliefs? (See chapter 5)
A. predestination
B. conversion
C. the benevolence of God
D. the reasons for innate human sinfulness |
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Definition
| C. the benevolence of God |
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Term
Three distinctive communities existed in eighteenth-century America. These include all of the following EXCEPT: (See chapter 5)
A. urban seaport communities.
B. mill towns.
C. raw frontier pioneer farms.
D. plantation communities (both masters and slaves). |
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Definition
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Term
Why were the French less likely than the British to use military force when dealing with the native peoples of North America? (See chapter 5)
A. The French population was relatively low.
B. French soldiers were much less effective fighters than their British counterparts.
C. As Catholics they naturally were more benevolent when dealing with the native peoples.
D. They had superior diplomatic skills. |
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Definition
| A. The French population was relatively low. |
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Term
The Great Awakening can best be described by which of the following statements?
(See chapter 5)
A. It was a multifaceted, intellectual movement, based primarily on new discoveries in science.
B. It was a secular, humanitarian movement, which sought to improve the quality of life for the poor.
C. It was a rationalist religious movement, which had its greatest impact among the well-educated in eastern seaboard cities.
D. It was an emotional revivalist movement, which had its greatest impact both in the coastal regions and the backcountry. |
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Definition
| D. It was an emotional revivalist movement, which had its greatest impact both in the coastal regions and the backcountry. |
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Term
Which of the following civil liberties was NOT included in the Bill of Rights?
(See chapter 9)
A. Rights of assembly and petition
B. Freedom of religion
C. Limits on states infringing on individual rights
D. Limits on courts and legal authorities infringing upon individual rights |
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Definition
| C. Limits on states infringing on individual rights |
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