Term
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· Fair Employment Practices Commission
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Definition
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Who: Roosevelt
What: implemented US Executive Order 8802, requiring that companies with government contracts not discriminate on the basis of race or religion (Fair Employment Practices Committee)
Where:US
When:1941
Why:to help African Americans and other minorities obtain jobs in the homefront industry during World War II
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Term
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Definition
Who: Rossavelt
What: authorizing the Secretary of War to prescribe certain areas as Japanese holding zones
Where: US
When: 1942
Why:For the protection of the American people |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Marines
What:Employed Nvajos to transmit codes
Where: To Japan
When: During WWII
Why:To make an unbreakable code |
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Term
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Definition
Who:Roosevelt
What: Established a program to bring in cheep labor for the US in agriculture
Where:US
When:1942
Why:To cut spending |
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Term
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Definition
Who:Cultural Icon
What:representing the American women who worked in factories during World War II
Where:US
When:1942
Why:To ensire women to help work and take jobs |
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Term
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Definition
Who:Japanese against U.S.
What:a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy
Where: Hawaii
When:1941
Why:to cripple the navy |
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Term
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Definition
Who:
What:an airborne assault landing of 24,000 and an amphibious landing[4] of Allied infantry
Where: Normandy
When: June 6 1944
Why:Took back France |
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Term
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Definition
Who: US
What: largest land battle of World War II in which the U.S. participated and the last great German offensive of the war.
Where: Antwerp
When:194-45
Why:To help end the war and the German Offensive |
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Term
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Definition
Who:
What:6 mounths post Pearl Harbor - most important naval battle of the Pacific Campaign of World War II.
Where:Midway Atoll
When:1942
Why:Tried to eliminate US from war but Failed because of Code Talkers |
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Term
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Definition
Who:US vs Japan
What:US Military captured Iwo Jima
Where:The island
When:1945
Why:allowed them a base from which to atack the main island |
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Term
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Definition
Who: US
What:the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific War of World War II.
Where:Ryukyu Islands of Okinawa
When:1945
Why:To make a strike on the main island |
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Term
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Definition
Who: NASA
What: Created the attomic bomb
Where: Manhattan
When: 1942 - 46
Why: To stunt Japan |
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Term
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Definition
Who:US Airforce
What:Attack on Japanese manufacturing island
Where:Japan
When:1942
Why:TO stop Japans supply of weapons |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Rossevelt, Churchill and Stalin
What: Held a conference
Where: Yalta
When:1945
Why:Tried to establish a new government for post-war Europe |
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Term
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Definition
Who:The big three
What:Consensus to open a second front against Nazi Germany by 1 May 1944
Where:Iran
When:1943
Why: |
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Term
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Definition
Who:The Big Three
What: establishment of post-war order, peace treaties issues, and countering the effects of the war
Where:Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, occupied Germany
When:1945
Why:to decide how to administer punishment to the defeated Nazi Germany |
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Term
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Definition
What:American adviser, diplomat, political scientist, and historian
Where:US
When:1946
Why:"the father of containment" |
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Term
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Definition
Who:US Gov
What:policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad
Where:EUrope, China, Korea, Africa
When:1946 |
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Term
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Definition
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Who:writer, reporter, and political commentator
What: among the first to introduce the concept of Cold War
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Term
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Definition
What:the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas
Where:Berlin
When:1945-90
Why: efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its dependent and central European allies off from open contact with the west and non-communist areas |
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Term
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Definition
Who:
What:international relations policy which stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid
Where:
When:1947
Why: to prevent them from falling into the Soviet sphere. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: George E. Marshall.
What:A US Gov program to reconstruct Europe after WWII with massive aid to ALL
Where:
When:1947
Why: |
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Term
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Definition
Who:
What: One of the first major international crises of the Cold War. The Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Allied control
Where:East/West Berlin
When:1948-49
Why: to force the western powers to allow the Soviet zone to start supplying Berlin with food and fuel, thereby giving the Soviets practical control over the entire city. |
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Term
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Definition
Who:
What:a war between the Republic of Korea (South Korea), supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)
Where:
When:1950-53
Why:result of the political division of Korea/ failure to hold free elections throughout the Korean Peninsula in 1948 deepened the division between the two sides |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Harry S. Truman
What: Domestic reform agenda of the Truman Administration,[1] which governed the United States from 1945 to 1953
Why:
- Health
- Welfare
- Labor
- Education
- Housing
- Veterans
- Agriculture
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Term
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Definition
Who:Congress of Industrial Organizations
What: to unionize industry in the Southern United States, particularly the textile industry.
Where:Southern States
When:1946-1953
Why: In order to consolidate gains made by the trade union movement in the Northern United States during the war and block the status of the South as a "non-union" low-wage haven |
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Term
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Definition
Who: list of screenwriters, actors, directors, musicians, and other U.S. entertainment professionals
What:were denied employment in the field because of their political beliefs or associations, real or suspected
Where:Hollywood,CA
When:1940's-50's
Why:because of their allignment with the communist party |
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Term
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Definition
Who: House Un-American Activities Committee
What:a committee of the U.S. House of Representatives, investigated allegations of communist activity in the U.S. during the early years of the Cold War
When:1945-91
Why: HUAC's controversial tactics contributed to the fear, distrust and repression that existed during the anticommunist hysteria of the 1950s |
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Term
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Definition
Who: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
What: intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty
When:1949
Why:constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party |
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Term
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Definition
What:United States citizens convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage during a time of war, and executed (the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union.)
When: 1953 |
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Term
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Definition
Who:American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin
What:most visible public face of a period in which Cold War tensions fueled fears of widespread Communist subversion./ censured
When:1947-57
Why:claims that there were large numbers of Communists and Soviet spies and sympathizers inside the United States federal government and elsewhere |
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Term
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Definition
Who:
What: the practice of pushing dangerous events to the verge of—or to the brink of—disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome
When:might be achieved through diplomatic maneuvers by creating the impression that one is willing to use extreme methods rather than concede. During the Cold War, the threat of nuclear force was often used as such an escalating measure. |
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Term
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Definition
What: War against South Vietnam communism in which, after giving aid to France who had control over Vietnam, America lost because they were not equipt in jungle combat.
Where:South Vietnam, North Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
When:1955-75
Result: North Vietnamese victory |
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Term
| Brown v Board of Education |
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Definition
Who: Thurgood Marshall
What:case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.
Where:
When:1954
Why: overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 which allowed "seperate but equal" |
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Term
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Definition
What:Sparked by Rosa Parks in 1955, year-long boycott on segregated busses lead by MLK
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Term
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Definition
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Outlawed discrimination in public accomidations and employment
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Term
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
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Definition
| Authorized afte rMLK’s Selma to Montgomary March, it federally protected and enforced the right to vote in each county. |
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Term
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Definition
Who:
What: a campaign in the United States launched to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi
Where:
When:1964 |
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Term
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Definition
Who:Southern Christian Leadership Conference/ MLK
What:an African-American civil rights organization
Where:Atlanta
When:1957
Why:to coordinate and support nonviolent direct action as a method of desegregating bus systems across the South |
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Term
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Definition
Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice.
Marshall was a lawyer who was best known for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Russia,Cuba vs USA
What:It was one of the major confrontations of the Cold War, and is generally regarded as the moment in which the Cold War came closest to turning into a nuclear conflict
Where:Cuba
When: 1962
Why:Nikita Khrushchev proposed the idea of placing Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba to deter any future invasion attempt. |
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Term
| Gulf of Tonkin of Incident |
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Definition
Who:LBJ
What:On August 2, 1964, the destroyer USS Maddox, while performing a signals intelligence patrol as part of DESOTO operations, engaged three North Vietnamese Navy torpedo boats of the 135th Torpedo Squadron.A sea battle resulted
Where: Gulf of Tonkin
When: 1964
Why:the passage by Congress of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which granted President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to assist any Southeast Asian country whose government was considered to be jeopardized by "communist aggression". I.E. Vietnam War |
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Term
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Definition
Who: By forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnam against South Vietnam, the United States, and their allies
What:a military campaign during the Vietnam War. surprise attacks that were launched against military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam, during a period when no attacks were supposed to take place
When:1968
Why: Tet Lunar New Year celebrations.
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Term
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Definition
a policy of the Richard M. Nixon administration during the Vietnam War, as a result of the Viet Cong's Tet Offensive, to "expand, equip, and train South Vietnam's forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops."
1971-73 |
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Term
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Definition
What:mass murder of between 347 and 504 unarmed civilians in South Vietnam by US Army soldiers
Where:Son My
When:1968
William Calley, a platoon leader in Charlie Company, was convicted. Found guilty of killing 22 villagers, he was originally given a life sentence, but only served three and a half years under house arrest. |
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Term
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Definition
| the Pentagon Papers "demonstrated, among other things, that the Lyndon Baines Johnson Administration had systematically lied, not only to the public but also to Congress, about a subject of transcendent national interest and significance" |
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Term
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Definition
What:a federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of Congress. |
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Term
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Definition
What:The two framework agreements were signed at the White House, and were witnessed by United States President Jimmy Carter. The second of these frameworks, A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel, led directly to the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty
Where:Camp David
When:1978 |
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Term
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Definition
policy proclaimed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union Address on January 23, 1980, which stated that the U.S. would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf region.
a response to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, |
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Term
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Definition
a political scandal in the United States that came to light in November 1986.
senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, the subject of an arms embargo |
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Term
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Definition
the economic policies promoted by U.S. President Ronald Reagan during the 1980s
trickle-down economics
four pillars:
reduce the growth of government spending, reduce the federal income tax and capital gains tax, reduce government regulation, and control the money supply in order to reduce inflation |
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