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1. system of social beliefs: a closely organized system of beliefs, values, and ideas forming the basis of a social, economic, or political philosophy or program
2. meaningful belief system: a set of beliefs, values, and opinions that shapes the way a person or a group such as a social class thinks, acts, and understands the world |
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| loyalty and devotion to a nation; especially : a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups |
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(1861 - 1932)
Professional Historian
Frontier Thesis
wrote "Signifigance of the Frontier in American History"
Rebelled against then current concepts of history
History as past politics
"germ theory"
"The wilderness masters the colonist"
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- States' rights rather than preservation of chattel slavery
-Abolishionists as Provocateurs
-South wold have given up slavery
- Southern honor and chivalry crushed by Yankee invaders
- Loss attributed to factors beyond their control and to betrayals |
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- The West as a Place (Geographic)
- Convergence of Diverse Peoples (not just white males)
- Interaction has continued and is still happening |
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- a campaign to raise the age of consent for young girls
from 7 - 12 in some states to 16 - 18 overall |
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-Racist discourse prevalent in the late 19th/early 20th century
-Barbarians hordes from the East (the yellow races) bent on world domination will rise up and destroy white civilization
-assumes asians are insidious and inscrutable |
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A theory that history is determined by immutable laws and not by human agency.
ex. Karl Marx, Freud, etc. |
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AKA The Ku Klux Klan acts
made interference with voting rights a federal crime and established provisions for government supervision of elections. |
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| Revisionist History of Reconstruciton |
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America's Unfinished Revolution
- the slaves were freed, but were not treated equally and instead were still treated wrong
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Assmes that every so often a "great" man will arise and alter the course of history
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| Attempted to require separation of the races in public places and facilities. |
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| Beginning in May 1894, this strike of employees at a Car Company near Chicago was one of the largest strikes in American history. Workers struck to protest wage cuts, high rents for company housing, and layoffs; the American Railway Union joined the strike in June. Extending to 27 states and territories, it effectively paralyzed the western half of the nation. President Grover Cleveland secured an injunction to break the strike on the grounds that it obstructed the mail and sent federal troops to enforce it. |
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Brought on by the Black Codes
Discredited Presidential Reconstruction - made clear the existing state governments were failing to protect the life, liberty, or property of ex-slaves.
Gave Republicans 2/3rds majority in Congress |
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| Chinese gangs that smuggled people to other countries |
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First mass migration of blacks in post-reconstruction era
Rumors that all Kansas was set aside for Freemen
50,000 freedmen left the south and migrated to Kansas, Indiana, and Illinois |
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| American Federation of Labor |
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| Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886, it was a loose alliance of national craft unions that organized skilled workers by craft and worked for specific practical objectives such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. It avoided politics, and while it did not expessly forbid black and women workers from joining, it used exclusionary practices to keep them out. |
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Founder of the Hull House (settlement house) in Chicago.
First woman to win a nobel peace prize. |
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Influenced Turner
He tried to show the derivation of these institutions from German and English models - an approach usually called the "germ theory" of American politics.
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Informal bargain
Hayes would be president and southern blacks would be abandonded to their fate.
Ends Reconstruction. |
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| Legislation granting 160 acres of land to anyone who paid a $10 fee and pledged to live on and cultivate the land for five years. Although there was a good deal of fraud, the act encouraged a large migration to the West. Between 1862 and 1900, nearly 600,000 families claimed homesteads under its provisions. |
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| Legislation passed by Congress in 1887 that aimed at breaking up traditional Indian life by promoting individual land ownership. It divided tribal lands into small plots that were distributed among members of each tribe. Provisions were made for Indian education and eventual citizenship. The law led to corruption, exploitation, and the weakening of Native American tribal culture. |
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| Legislation passed in 1882 that excluded Chinese immigrant workers for ten years and denied U.S. Citizenship to Chinese nationals living in the U.S. It was the first U.S. exclusionary law that was aimed ata specific racial group. |
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| Settlement House Movement |
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| Located in poor districts of major cities, these were community centers that tried to soften the impact of urban life for immigrant and other families. Often run by young, educated women, they provided social services and a political voice for their neighborhoods. |
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Musician and singer
Mississippi Delta Blues |
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Newspaper that helped aid the Great Migration
1916 - 1930 |
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Originated in Mississippi Delta Region
started with acoustic guitar and harmonica
evolved to Chicago (electric blues) |
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Process creates a unique people, radically altered by frontier.
Democracy
Rugged Individualism
Practical, inventive turn of mind
Coarseness and strength |
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Religious social-reform movement in the U.S., prominent from c. 1870 to 1920 among liberal Protestant groups. The movement focused on applying moral principles to the improvement of industrialized society and particularly to reforms such as the abolition of child labour, a shorter workweek, and factory regulation. Many of its aims were realized through the rise of organized labour and through legislation of the New Deal.
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| Stereotypical image of southern society consiting of columned plantations and carefree happy slaves |
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| a part or division of a ship, formerly the part containing the steering apparatus. Normally a small space between decks. |
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a term used for young Chinese immigrants coming to the United States prior to 1944 who claimed to be a son of a citizen but were, in fact, sons on paper only.
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| an American activist and businessman best known for his role in establishing African-American settlements in Kansas. A former slave from Tennessee who escaped to freedom in 1846, he became a noted abolitionist, community leader, and spokesman for African American civil rights. He returned to Tennessee during the Union occupation in 1862, but soon concluded that blacks would never achieve economic equality in the white-dominated South. After the end of Reconstruction, Singleton organized the movement of thousands of black colonists, known as Exodusters, to found settlements in Kansas. A prominent voice for early black nationalism, he became involved in promoting and coordinating black-owned businesses in Kansas and developed an interest in the Back-to-Africa movement. |
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| an American politician and head of Tammany Hall, the name given to the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the History of New York City politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. He was convicted and eventually imprisoned for embezzling millions of dollars from the city through political corruption and graft. |
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| an old common law principle that wives are limited to the personal or domestic duties and that husbands had control of the public duties. |
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| between the United States and China, amended the Treaty of Tientsin of 1858 and established formal friendly relations between the two countries, with the United States granting China Most Favored Nation status. It was signed at Washington in 1868 and ratified at Beijing in 1869. |
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| favors the interests of certain established inhabitants of an area or nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants |
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first African American artist to make vocal blues recordings in 1920.
increased the popularity of "race records" |
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| refers to the summer and fall of 1919, in which race riots exploded in a number of cities in both the North and South. The three most violent episodes occurred in Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Elaine, Arkansas. On the afternoon of July 27, 1919, a stone-throwing melee between blacks and whites began after a black youth mistakenly swam into territory claimed by whites off the 29th Street beach in Chicago. Amidst the mayhem, Eugene Williams, a black youth, drowned. When a white police officer refused to arrest the white men involved in the death, and instead arrested a black man, racial tensions escalated. Fighting broke out between gangs and mobs of both races. |
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| the famous Democratic party organization that dominated city politics from the 1850s to the 1930s. |
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women were supposed to embody perfect virtue in all senses
1. Piety – believed to be more religious and spiritual than men
2. Purity – pure in heart, mind, and body
3. Submission – held in "perpetual childhood" where men dictated all actions and decisions
4. Domesticity – a division between work and home, encouraged by the Industrial Revolution; men went out in the world to earn a living, home became the woman's domain where a wife created a "haven in a heartless world" for her husband and children.[1 |
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