Shared Flashcard Set

Details

US History
Goal 2
88
History
11th Grade
01/10/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
National Road
Definition
the only early turnpike that actually increase travel speed and lowered transportation costs
Term
Erie Canal
Definition
connected New York City to the Midwest, lowered transportation costs, helped make New York City the nation's greatest commercial center
Term
Samuel Slater
Definition
opened the first textile mill (made thread for cloth) in America
Term
Francis Cabot Lowell
Definition
opened a factory that completely manufactured cloth, not just thread
Term
Lowell Girl
Definition
you, single women, recruited from farms, who worked in Lowell factories
Term
effects of industry change
Definition
speed and volume of manufacturing increased, process divided into more small steps, workers needed little or no training, people left farms to work in factories
Term
Robert Fulton
Definition
developed the steamboat, which enabled faster, more efficient travel on US rivers
Term
Erie Canal
Definition
connected Lake Erie to the Hudson river and shipping costs
Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
a time in history when machinary replaced manual labor
Term
factory system
Definition
used labor of the lower classes and immigrants to work in industrialized factories
Term
Samuel Morse
Definition
invention make transcontinental communication possible
Term
John Deere
Definition
invented the steel plow
Term
steel plow
Definition
allowed farmers to plow and grow crops in the western United States
Term
Cyrus McCormick
Definition
his reaper made it easier for farmers to harvest wheat, thereby increasing productivity
Term
interchangeable parts
Definition
the basis for industrial development in America: each part of a manufactured item would fit with parts from any other identical item
Term
Eli Whitney
Definition
his inventions increased productivity in agriculture and manufacturing
Term
cotton gin
Definition
increased the rate at which cotton could be processed and increased the demand for slave labor
Term
nativists(ism)
Definition
a feeling of hatred and superiority toward immigrants that led to discrimination and violence
Term
cotton kingdom
Definition
many southerners became immensely rich, but heavily dependent on agriculture and slave labor as a result of the cotton gin.
Term
plantation system
Definition
the South relied on a large number of slaves to produce cash crops
Term
Henry Clay
Definition
felt that America relied too much of foreign trade, so proposed a system improve the situation
Term
American System
Definition
protective tariffs, internal improvements, and a strong national bank to strengthen the US and make it more economically independent
Term
Gibbons v. Ogden
Definition
Supreme Court ruling that gave Congress alone the power to regulate interstate and foreighn commerce, thus allolwing the building of roads and canals to increase
Term
James Fennimore Cooper
Definition
wrote the first "American" novels that talked about White settlement and how it affected Native Americans
Term
Panic of 1819
Definition
led to the nation's first depressions because citizens rushed to withdraw money from US banks, when US banks recalled loans to repay British loans
Term
Hudson River School
Definition
the first group of artists to develop a unique style American landscape painting that reflected the wild and pioneering spirit
Term
Adams-Onis Treaty
Definition
through this treaty Florida became part of America, the western boundary of Oregon was established, and the US ceded Texas to Spain
Term
Monroe Doctrine
Definition
established America as a neutral and independent nation that would not tolerate colonization from Europeans
Term
Election of 1824
Definition
illustrated northern, southern, and western sectional differences in the US
Term
Missouri Compromise
Definition
designed to maintain a balance of power between slave states and free states in Washington DC.
Term
corrupt bargain
Definition
it is believed that Henry Clay supported Andrew Jackson in the election of 1824 in order to become Secretary of State
Term
spoils system
Definition
Administrators allowing only family memebers and close friends to occupy hig government positions led to corruption
Term
Sequoyah
Definition
leader of the Cherokee nation who at first adapted to living with the White settlers.
Term
Worchester v. Georgia
Definition
Supreme Court ruling that gave Cherokee Indians a right to stay on their land, later ignored by Andrew Jackson
Term
suffrage
Definition
the right to vote
Term
Tariff of Abomination
Definition
an unusually high tariff passed by Congress in forder to promote American industry and embarass President Adams
Term
John C. Calhoun
Definition
a representative from South Carolina and one time vice president who supported nullication and secession from the union
Term
Nullification Crisis
Definition
to the protin response to the protective tariff South Carolina nullified the tax and threatened to secede from the union:
Term
Ned Turner's Rebelliion
Definition
an uprising that caused abolition societies in the South to end and slave codes to become tighter and strictly inforced
Term
Pet Banks
Definition
contributed to the nation's first depression when banks issued bonds far in excess of what they could cover
Term
Whig Party
Definition
led by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, this political party was nationalists who supported strong federal government, protective tariffs, a national bank, internal improvements and broad interpretation of the Constitution
Term
Dorothea Dix
Definition
her efforts led to the establishment of insitutions and hospitals for the mentally ill
Term
Prison Reform
Definition
changing how prisoners are treated and how prisons are managed
Term
Horace Mann
Definition
helped to establish the first state Board of Education in America and believed that men and women should be educated
Term
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Definition
transcendentalist, essayist, and poet
Term
Women's Rights
Definition
select citizens insisted that women be able to vote and have other privileges afforded to men only
Term
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Definition
brought attention to women's rights by organizign the first convention and demand suffrage for women
Term
Lucretia Mott
Definition
helped organize the first women's rights convention along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Term
Seneca Falls Convention
Definition
The first Women's Rights Convention
Term
Sojourner Truth
Definition
an illiterate former slave who is known for being an abolitionist and gave eloquent, charismatic speeches
Term
Susan B. Anthony
Definition
a supporter of temperance and abolition who worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Term
Utopian Communities
Definition
societies that were "perfect" both socially and politically
Term
Brook Farm
Definition
A transcendentalist community that relied on agriculture and members shared everything.
Term
Oneida
Definition
a community known for complex marriages and free love
Term
New Harmony
Definition
an Indiana community where people would share everything and live in "harmony"
Term
Mormons
Definition
moved West in search of religions freedom when criticized for practicing polygamy
Term
Joseph Smith
Definition
established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and the followers were called Mormons
Term
Brigham Young
Definition
led Mormons from New England to the Great Lakes of Utah to escape persecution
Term
2nd Great Awakening
Definition
a period in time when interest in religion was increased again
Term
William LLoyd Garrison
Definition
assisted by abolition movement by publishing an newpaper called The Liberator and helping establish The Anti-Slavery Society.
Term
Grimke Sisters
Definition
former slave owners who became nationally known for anti-slavery speeches
Term
Frederick Douglass
Definition
a former slave who educated himself and became outspoken against slavery
Term
Charles Grandison Finney
Definition
Used his evangelical style sermons to elicit strong emotion and get people to convert to Christianity
Term
Indian Removal Act
Definition
the removal of Native Americans from Southern lands to present day Oregon caused bitter disputes
Term
Trail of Tears
Definition
the route used by the Cherokee when forced to leave southnern lands to move out west to Oklahoma
Term
McCullough v. Maryland
Definition
through broad interpretation of the Constitution,established the superior power of national government to state governments with regard to chartering corporations (bamks)
Term
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Definition
author of "The Scarlet Letter"
Term
Henry David Thoueau
Definition
transcendentalist, writer, and philosopher
Term
Washington Irving
Definition
author of "Rip Van Winkle", "Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and other short stories
Term
Edgar Allan Poe
Definition
wrote darker stories/poems such as The Tell-Tale Heart and The Raven
Term
Knickerbocker School
Definition
group of writers in New York including Washington Irving and James Cooper
Term
Alexis de Tocqueville
Definition
visiting Frenchman who wrote Democracy in America
Term
Noah Webster
Definition
his dictionary helped create a distinctly "American" language by modifying the traditional British spelling, usage, and pronunication of many words
Term
emancipation
Definition
the freedom of slaves
Term
Oregon Trail
Definition
best and easiest way for Amercan settles to travel west with wagons
Term
54-50 or Fight
Definition
slogan favoring maximum territory in Oregon boundary dispute
Term
Webster-Ashburton Treraty
Definition
settled Maine/Canada boundary dispute
Term
Annexation of Texas
Definition
led to a break in diplomatice relations between America and Mexico, and many believe led to a war with Mexico
Term
Alamo
Definition
Term
Stephen Austin
Definition
Term
Election of 1844
Definition
Term
Mexican War
Definition
Term
Mexican Cession
Definition
Term
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Definition
Term
Wilmot Proviso
Definition
part of an approprations bill written during the Mexican War that would have prevented slavery in newly acquired American territories, namely Mexico
Term
Gadsen Purchase
Definition
Term
Gold Rush
Definition
Term
49ers
Definition
Supporting users have an ad free experience!