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A series of religious wars against the Muslims of the Eastern Mediterranian
Continued intermittenly for 200 years beginning in 1095 |
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| Religious based map with Jerusalem at the center and Asia, Europe and Africa in a T-shape with the oceans surrounding in an O. More for glorification of God than for accuracy. |
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responsible for Geocentric (Earth centered) view of the universe.
Calculated earth as 3/4 of actual size |
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| Catholic church became corrupt-->Martin Luther, 95 thesis. Martin Luther didnt set out to start a new church, just wanted TC to clean up its act.--> after being excommunicated he starts new church |
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| Built on what Luther began turning the movement into a crusade and whole nations were eventually pulled in-->providing a strong reason for immigration |
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| sold forgiveness for sins (Catholic Church) |
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The practice of loaning money at interest.
Strictly forbidden under the Catholic Church and placed powerful restraints on economic growth. |
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| cloves, ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon, mace, and pepper |
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| Midieval VS Renaissance Art |
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| Midieval art was less anatomically correct and more plain than Rennaissance Art. Midieval art was often just portraits. Renaissance art what much grander in nature, and had a somewhat mythical feel. |
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| the idea that salvation was predetermined. The gift of grace was only offered to those chosen by God. |
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| Land bridge that conected Asia and North America |
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| Aztec settlement (15th century)in what is present day Mexico City |
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| record keeping devises based on a complicated series of Knots |
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| trained runners who carried messages throughout the Incan empire, at the rate of up to 150 miles a day. They became so efficient that at times they even transported fresh fish. |
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| Europe. Site of religious wars during the rusades and for many years following. Spain united them. |
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| exchange of crops, animals, and diseases. Old World benifited but New world was devastated. |
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| General carribean voyages. Discovered North America |
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| Nova Scotia and Newfoundland |
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Roanoke.
among the First Attempts to colonize North America.
(he was finishing the work of his brother, Gilbert)
Roanoke Island |
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Circumnavigation 1580
Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 |
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| Began english colonization of America |
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| led a small force from Cuba to the Gulf coast of Mexico, founded Vera Cruz in 1519, and set about destroying the Aztec Empire |
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| Finished Cortes' conquest of the Inca in Peru |
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| daughter of Kind henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Led England into wealth and prosperity known as the Golden Age. cultivated the way for the 13 american colonies. |
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Part of Original James town settlement
Colony relied heavily on him |
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Puritan who founded Boston
brought with him men of education and fortune (members of Parliament, or clergymen of liberal education) |
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| believed to be the savior of John Smith when she was 11 years old |
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Founded in 1607- first VA settlement
financed by King JamesI of England.
First to arrive were all male, females were later to come
Jamestown held on by a thread for a LONG time before it begna to prosper |
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| founded by the pilgrims in 1620 |
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Massachusets Bay Colony
thought the CC needed to be 'purified' |
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| separated from church of england |
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| only required to work for a contracted amount of time. Generally untill they paid of their debt. Most of whom aquired their debt to get to the colonies |
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John Carver-first Governer
granted political rights to any man willing to remain and abide by the new colony's laws.
Helped established idea of consensual government |
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| Law of gravity, Laws of motion |
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| advancements to telescope, sun not unblemished sphere, and moon is round and pocketed. |
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*Laws of planetary motion
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| "Social Contract"- Preservation of liberty |
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| "spirit of the Laws", Separation of Powers ( legistlative, judicial, executive) |
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| "Treatise of Tolerance"-Religious Tolerance |
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| earth centered veiw of universe |
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| sun centered veiw of the universe |
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| humans are born free, noble, and equal but establish government to protect rights, property and happiness. Government= servant of the people not the Master! |
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| all human beings are fundamentally equal and have a natural inclination to preserve their own independence. |
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| a philosophical doctrine that regards experience as the only source of human knowledge. |
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| most important American preacher of the Great Awakening. |
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*leader of the Calvinistic Methodist Church
*developed a new form of preaching--more dramatic and visual, appealing to the emotions rather than to the mind. He frequently took on the persona of a Bible character. |
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*preacher
*"go into the burying-place, children, you will there see graves as short as yourselves. Yea, you may be at play one hour; Dead, Dead the next |
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| French and Indian War (Seven Year’s War |
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| Between the French and Brittish. French were more tolerant of indians and initally had the advantage, but Brittish gained the most terriotory out of the war |
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*British Major General
*led his troops in an effort to isolate New England...it failed |
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*British Major General-"Gentleman Johnny,"
*devised the plan to isolate New England from the rest of the colonies |
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| the one who ordered 700 of his british troops to lexington (under kings infulence) |
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| inhibited westward expansion, by stating that all western territories from the Alleghenies to the Mississippi River were Indian territories. |
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| 1621 to 1754, England constantly at war, couldnt provide much attention to the colonies who had to develop government and ways of life on their own gradually loosening ties with England |
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| created to help pay the costs of defending the american colonies. British troops were stationed in and around the colonies |
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included special taxes on lead, paint, paper, glass and tea imported by colonists.
imposed after colonists rejected stamp act |
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| *Massachusetts politician |
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Adams sought to replace the highly deferential American culture with a more egalitarian society, while arousing the colonists to action
nitiated resolutions that appealed to the democratic impulses of the colonists |
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| "The People have passed the river and cut away the bridge." |
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| , both sides played a part and the shootings that led to 3 deaths (3 deaths hardly constitutes a massacre) began by accident. |
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| By selling its tea through its own agents at a price well under the customary one, the East India Company positioned itself to undersell the smugglers, while eliminating independent colonial merchants |
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| dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into the bay and set in to motion a series of events that would culminate in revolution. |
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a set of reprisals by parliment that the colonists referred to as the "Coercive Acts."
first of which ordered boston ports closed until colonists paid for the spilled tea
led to the first continental congress |
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*"the british are coming!"
*the king thought colonists could be contained if massachusets radicals were squished.
*when word got out the colonists only rallied together more adding to the ranks of a growing army
*"the shot heard round the world" no one is sure who shot first |
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*colonists atop the hill
*british won the battle but suffered more wounds and casualties |
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| *turning point of the war |
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*colonist troops suprise attackes cornwallis at yorktown
*with help from the french, americans captured british forts at yorktown |
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| First Continental Congress |
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*Philadelphia on September 5, 1774,
*Every colony except Georgia sent at least one delegate, and the total number of 55
*the right of the colonists to "life, liberty and property," and the right of provincial legislatures to set "all cases of taxation and internal polity."
*"Continental Association" that passed non-importation resolutions, ending all trade with Great Britain and banning the importation of slaves |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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| *met immediately after lexinton and stayed in session throughout the Revolution |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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*first pamphlet to advocate american independence
*attacked the idea of hereditary monarchy |
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*those opposed to the colonies split from England.
*wanted to remain "loyal" to England |
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*acknowledged the independence, freedom and sovereignty of the 13 former colonies
*granted colonists the territory west of mississippi north to canada and south to florida(which was returned to spain) |
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| wrote the declaratino of independence |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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*Early constitution
*left power up to the states
* no central government
*lots of problems |
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*Led by Daniel Shays
*Shays led 1,200 men towards the arsenal at Springfield, Massachusetts, to exchange their pitchforks for muskets and cannon. Confronted there by an organized state militia, they were scattered, and the uprising collapsed. |
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*nationalist leader
*wrote the "Federalist Papers" |
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| *co-wrote the "Federalist papers" |
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| *proposed a two house legislature and centralized government |
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*proposed a revision of existing articles of confederation
*opposed to a strong central governement |
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*very similar to British Monarchy
*an executive to serve during good behavior or life with veto power over all laws
*a senate with members serving during good behavior
*the legislature to have power to pass all laws whatsoever |
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| two house legislature with vote based on population in the upper house and equal vote in the lower house |
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| *slaves count as 3/4 of a vote |
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| against strong federal government |
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Pilgrims came in search of religious freedom and wanted to break from CC
The puritans did not want to break from the church and did not only come for religious freedoms but to establish a devout community of God. |
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Protestant Calvinists
founded Plymouth in 1602 |
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representatives of nine colonies met in New York City in October 1765 to call for a repeal of the Stamp Act
boycott of brittish goods. |
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