Term
| Fifty-Four Fourty or Fight! |
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Definition
Oregon settlers clash with the British at the Northern Border.
Polk says he is going to fix the problem; if The people of the United States elect him as president. In 1844.
Britain compromises at the 49th parallel.
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| Thousands of Cherokee people died on the journey to Oklahoma when government assistance that had been promised did not come. |
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| In 1830, Congress and Presiden Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act, forcing the Choctaw, Creek and Cherokee nations across the Mississippi River to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. |
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| The industrial revolution began replacing manual labor with machines; the machines were powered by coal and steam. From the 18th to the 19th century. The people wanted to make things easier for them. So they started making more machines to do alot of the labor. |
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| The north was involved in it. They relied on the lower classes and immigrants to move to cities and work in the industrialized factories. The people of the plantation system argued that conditions under which the workers lived wre jst as bad or worse than slaves. |
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| Nativism opposed further immigration. |
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| The know-nothings was a secret society that began electing state officials to ban immigration. |
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| Eli Whitney invented it. The slaves and the southern planters were effected by it. It happened in 1973 spread in the early 1800s. The cotton gin cleaned cotton faster. There were more slaves for picking and plantations grew. Southern economy became dependent on cotton, it led to the Civil War. |
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| The south was named this. it became reliant on the plantation system. |
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| The plantation system was what the "cotton kingdom" was reliant on. |
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John Deere invented the steel plow, it made it possible to plant in hard soil.
Opened up the hard prairie lands in the West for farming. Increased settlement.
the steel plow encouraged spread of plantations and slavery to the West, where the ground is harder.
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Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper. The mechanical reaper made it easier to harvest wheat.
it also increased settlement to the West.
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Eli Whitney introduced the idea of interchangeable parts.
each part of a product could be easily replaced, instead of replacing the whole machine.
Simplifies and standardizes production.
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Connected New York City to the Great Lakes.
- Made NYC a commercial center.
- Manufactured goods traveled to western customers.
- Agricultural goods traveled to eastern factories.
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Invented the steamboat
- increased moement and trade
- Erie Canal (east/west)
- Mississippi River (north/south)
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| Invented the teleraph machine. United the continent with instant communication. it increased the seed of business. |
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- The war of 1812 sparked a rise in national unity and patriotism.
- Federalist party collapsed.
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Dem-Reps adopted Henry Clay's american system.
It was the second bank of the United States.
Protective tariffs.
Internal Improvements. (Roads and Canals)
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Happened in 1819. It acquired Florida and Oregon from Spain.
Named after John Adams and Louis de Onis.
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| Happened in 1823. It warned European powers not to interfere with independent nations of the Western Hemisphere. |
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| 1812-1823 was the Era of Good Feelings. Everyone felt good after they just won the War of 1812 and everything was going well. |
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- Unity faded and sections re-emerged.
- tariffs helped northern business but restricted southern economy.
- New states would change the balance of power in the Senate so the Missouri compromise of 1820 was passed.
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Term
| Missouri Compromise of 1820 |
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Definition
New States: Missouri (slave); Maine (free)
New states north of the 36 30' N parallel would be free; south of the line would be slave.
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| The nation experienced its first economic depression. |
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- 1819
- A national bank was constitutional
- 7 votes for McCulloch, none against.
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Term
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- 1824
- Feder power over states for interstate and foreign commerce.
- 6 voes for Gibbons, 0 votes against.
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Term
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- John Quincy Adams - son of the former federalist president - nationalist and northern elite.
- Andrew Jackson - Battle of New Orleans hero. - "Indian Fighter" and Western frontiersman.
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Term
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- Jackson protested that the election was a "corrupt bargain"
- that Clay helped get Adams elected in return for the cabinet position.
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| Adams signed a new tariff into law in 1828 called the "tariff of abominations" by its opponent. |
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- Jackson was elected in 1828, the first man that grew up in poverty to become president.
- Pushed for "universal manhood suffrage"
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Term
| Universal Manhood Suffrage |
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Definition
White males were no longer required to have property to vote.
1828.
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Term
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| Jackson appointed friends and supporters to high positions of government, known as the Spoils System. (a war metaphor) |
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The Democratic-Republicans split. Jackson's supporters were called Democrats.
1828
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| The democrats' opponents became National Republicans (later called "Whigs") |
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South Carolina, led by John Calhoun, began to organize against the tariffs.
There became a nullification crisis after there was "King Andrew" and everyone started realizing that Andrew was acting more like a king than a president.
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Was the leader of South Carolina.
He began to organize against the tariffs.
Published the Exposition and Protest.
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Calhoun published it.
It argued that states refused to enforce the laws that were unconstitutional.
By 1832, SC threatened to secede if tariffs were not repealed.
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- Jackson believed the national bank existed only to help the rich and powerful.
- He ordered all treasury funds to be removed from the US bank and placed in "Pet Banks" to give states more power over the economy.
- Economic chaos resulted.
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Jackson ordered all treasury funds to be removed from the US bank and placed into these.
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| Economic chaos resulted after Jackson ordered all treasury funds to go in Pet Banks. And it became the Panic of 1837. |
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| Americans thought that they had a "manifest destiny" to settle and civilize the West in the name of God. |
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| Setlers and trappers would soon follow the path taken by Lewis & Clark, known as the Oregon Trail. |
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| Sequoyah developed an alphabet for the Cherokee language. |
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Georgia abolished tribal rule. Claimed jurisdiction over Cherokee lands. (gold had been discovered, planters wanted to spread into Cherokee terrority.
Supreme Court ruled that states could not interfere with federal Indian treaties. The federal government had a duty to honor those treaties.
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Stephen Austin brought settlers to the Mexican territory of Texas.
After General Santa Anna made himself dictator of Mexico, Texan settlers began to revold & made their stand at the Alamo.
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US and Britain both signed the Webster Ashburton Treaty to agree on boundaries around Maine and the Great Lakes.
Happened in 1842
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Polk campaigns in 1844 promising to expand the US border to present-day Alaska.
Between James Polk and Henry Clay.
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| David Wilmot introduced bills called the Wilmot Proviso, in an unsuccessful attempt to ban slavery in any lands acquired from Mexico. |
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| Mexico considered annexation a declaration of war. Negotiations broke downa and a skirmish broke out over the Rio Grande border. The US honed its military skills and defeated the Mexican army in 1848. |
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Term
| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo/Mexican Cession |
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Definition
| Mexico handed over the Southwest territory, known as the Mexican Cession. Now the US had control of the land to the Pacific ocean. |
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1849.
brought 300,000 people from the united states to California. half from sea, half from land.
Gold seekers were called "fourty-niners" (for 1849)
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| Noah Webster was the first person to compile a dictionary of the American language. |
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American author and philosopher
transcendentalist
wrote "Nature" and "Self-Reliance"
abolitionist
he thought books were great, but life is learned through experience
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Term
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Definition
-transcendentalist
-wrote Civil Disobedience
-Inspired Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. to use non-violence to protest injustices committed by your government and society.
-he thought if the law is unjust, disobey it to bring awareness of the injustice.
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-transcendentalist
-he believed that evil and sin are part of human nature.
-the more we create society and laws, the further away we get from truth and justice.
-wrote The Scarlet Letter
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Definition
-first American author to be widely popular and sell a lot of books. (to Britain)
- known for: "Gotham", "the almighty dollar", "Knicks", christmas celebrations.
-wrote "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" & "Rip van Winkle"
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-popular American writer of tales of the West.
-adventure stories of the frontiers and sailing the seas.
-The Last of te Mohicans and the Leatherstocking Tales.
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| They did not like how machines were taking over their lives at the time..they're getting further away form being "natural" |
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-called transcendentalists "frogpondians"
-wrote "The Raven" & "The Tell-Tale Heart"
-one of the first authors to mass market his books to make money
-known for stories of mystery and macabre.(death, spirits, halloween, etc..)
-he likes to grab your imagination.
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Shows a vast wilderness full of natural resources, beautiful, and awe inspiring. This is what transcendentalists were inspired by.
This does not exist in Europe.
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Prisoners were beaten, and they didnt eat right, she didnt think that was good. so she made the mental hospitals better for people. there are alot of hospitals around the US named after her, they are state run and dont have much money. |
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Definition
he believed:
-increasing public education.
-in a democracy everyone should have access to an education of the same level.
-if you leave huge sectors uneducatd, they wont know anyting and our economy will suffer.
-he wanted all schools to be the same.
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| government wanted people to reduce their drinking to improve it. (the government) |
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lucretia Mott
Seneca Falls Convention |
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| They went to an anti-slavery meeting. The men at the meeting made them sit behind a curtain. Women didnt speak in public. They come back from the meeting and meet at Seneca Falls. They write the Declaration of Sentiments. They say "All men and women are created equal" like the constitution with women added into it. They wrote a list of grievances of men, in a male dominated society. They dont have the right to vote. This was the first wave of feminism. |
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| Dropped her slave name so she could take this name. Her name means someone who goes on a journey. She worked alot with the women's rights movement and slavery. she wrote a speech: "Aint I a Woman?" She is a great speaker, goes all around the counrty. She thought that rights shouldnt bej ust for white women but for black women too. |
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| she pushes for womens rights. works with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. They want people to stop drinking. Temper the use of alcohol. it hurts society and makes people crazy. they have no say over what the men spend their money on. |
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| Everything was perfect, everything had to be perfect. |
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