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The exchange of goods and other things, such as disease from the Old World (Europe) to the new World (North and South America) and back.
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| concept of natural rights stating all people entitled to rights of life, liberty, and property. |
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| the assembly of representatives in colonial Virginia. |
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| proposed plan by benjamin franklin to unify the colonies. |
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| a law passed by the British Parliament in 1764 raising duties on foreign refined sugar imported by the colonies so as to give British sugar growers in the West Indies a monopoly on the colonial market. |
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| a compromise between Southern and Northern states in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. |
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| A system of government in which power is divided between a national (federal) government and various regional governments. |
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| articles of confederation |
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| the first constitution of the 13 American states, adopted in 1781 and replaced in 1789 by the Constitution of the United States. |
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| the branch of the United States government that is responsible for carrying out the laws |
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| a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a legislature of two houses with proportional representation in each house and executive and judicial branches to be chosen by the legislature. |
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| an economic system (Europe in 18th century) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests |
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| Swiss philosopher and writer who held that the individual is essentially good but usually corrupted by society. His written works include The Social Contract and Émile |
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| an agreement to establish a government, entered into by the Pilgrims in the cabin of the Mayflower on November 11, 1620. |
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| an undocumented, though long-standing, British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep the American colonies obedient to Great Britain. |
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| an act of the British Parliament for raising revenue in the American Colonies by requiring the use of stamps and stamped paper for official documents, commercial writings, and various articles: it was to go into effect on November 1, 1765, but met with intense opposition and was repealed in March, 1766. |
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the greatest debate undertaken by the delegates to the Constitutional
Convention in 1787 centered on how many representatives each state should have |
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| the introductory statement of the U.S. Constitution, setting forth the general principles of American government and beginning with the words, “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union. …” |
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| the doctrine that the individual branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial) have separate and unique powers the others cannot impinge upon |
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A proposed amendment
must be passed by two-thirds of both houses of Congress, then ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states. |
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| the branch of the United States government responsible for the administration of justice |
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| a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state. |
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| the “great charter” of English liberties, forced from King John by the English barons and sealed at Runnymede, June 15, 1215. |
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| French philosopher and jurist. An outstanding figure of the early French Enlightenment, he wrote the influential Parisian Letters (1721), a veiled attack on the monarchy and the ancien régime, and The Spirit of the Laws (1748), a discourse on government. |
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| new england town meetings |
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| A derivative of meetings held by church elders. |
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| the war in America in which France and its Indian allies opposed England 1754–60: ended by Treaty of Paris in 1763. |
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| required the American colonies to provide housing and supplies for the army. |
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| a type of government in which its functions and powers are prescribed, limited, and restricted by law. |
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| a system of constitutional government which guards against absolute power by providing for separate executive, judicial, and legislative bodies who share powers and thereby check and balance one another. |
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| declaration of independance |
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| the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the Colonies from Great Britain. |
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| the branch of the United States government that has the power of legislating. |
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| a statement in the U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8) granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers. |
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| a series of articles written under the pen name of Publius by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Madison,to gain popular support for the then-proposed Constitution. |
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| the power of a court to adjudicate the constitutionality of the laws of a government or the acts of a government official. |
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| a treaty signed with France in 1803 by which the U.S. purchased for $15,000,000 the land extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. |
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President Andrew Jackson ignited controversy by vetoing a
new charter for the Bank of the United States. |
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| An advocate of federalism. |
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| the policy or status of a nation that does not participate in a war between other nations. |
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| an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories |
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| the policy, as stated by President Monroe in 1823, that the U.S. opposed further European colonization of and interference with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere. |
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| the policy of ending slavery. |
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| established the doctrine of judicial review, which recognizes the authority of courts to declare statutes unconstitutional. |
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| excessive regard for sectional or local interests; regional or local spirit, prejudice. |
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| a council advising a president, sovereign, etc., esp. the group of ministers or executives responsible for the government of a nation. |
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| One who believes in social equality or discounts distinctions in rank. |
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| A member of the Republican Party of the United States. |
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