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| The provisions in the U.S. Constitution that prevent and branch of the U.S. governments from dominating the other two branches. |
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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| A law that established a procedure for the admission of the new states to the Union |
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| The first ten ammendments to the U.S. Constitution, added in 1791 and consisting of a formal list of citizens' rights and freedom |
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| Supporters of the Constitution and of a strong national government |
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| An opponent of a strong federal government |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| A document, adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1771 and finally approved by the states in 1781, that outlines the form of government of the new United States |
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| The Constitution is a living document that sets rules and boundries along with job titles and descriptions for the United states and its Government. |
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| A law that established the federal court system and the number of Supreme Court justices and that provided for the appeal of certain state court decisions to the federal courts. |
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| An 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional; this power became known as Judical Review |
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| The 1803 purchase by the United States of France's Louisina Territory; extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains- for $15 million |
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Wrote the Declaration of Independence
Distrusted a Strong centeral Government and the rich. Favored strong state and local government. Wanted an economy based on farming. |
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| Was secretary of treasury during Washington's term, Hamilton believed in a Strong Central Government. The well elite should run the government. Econom should be based on shipping and manufacturing. Supported by the higher-level people. |
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| The home of the white house, and where bills and laws are passed and signed. |
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| A conflict between federal and regional intrests. Congress passed the protective tariff in 1789 that created an import tax on goods from europe. This then went to a tax on the manufacturing of whiskey. Farmers we outraged and stopped paying the tax. |
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| President Madison decide to go to war against Britain becuase Madison thought that Britain was trying to strangle American trade and cripple the American economy. |
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| Railroads were created to have a faster way to get from one place to the next, nad could move different goods from the east to the west. The transcontinental railroads connected in Utah, which then let the manufacturors on the east coast connect with the fur and crops in the west. |
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| The homestead act was an act that allowed people to get alot of land, but they could only keep it if they were capable of cultivating it in 5 years or less. This task was very hard, because people who took it upon themselves to try to do this did not have heavy equipment, but hand tools. |
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| Abraham Lincoln: Slavery views, wishes for the U.S. |
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| Abraham wanted to abolish slavery, and reunite the south and the north, without punishing the south for secceeding from the north. |
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| The Cotton Gin was created to help end slavery, since it was able to do 50 times the work any slave could. Instead, crop growth grew exponentially, and slaves were needed to pick the fast growing cotton, and run the cotton gin, making slavery go exponentially, as well. |
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| The Missouri Compromise said that any state above the Missouri line was to become a free state, and was not allowed to have slaves. |
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| The Trail of Tears sent many indians, esquorted by soldiers, to move to new land, so that the Americans could have their land. Many Indians died of starvation, cold, and disease. |
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| A series of congressional measures intended to settle the major disagreements between free states and slave states |
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| A belief that married women should restrict their activities to their home and family |
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| The Confederacy States of America |
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| A confederation formed in 1861 by the Southern states after their secession from the Union |
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| A law, enacted in 1882, that prohibited all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and givernment officials from entering the United States |
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| A law enacted in 1887 that was intended to "Americanize" Native Americans by distributing reservation land to individual owners |
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| A 363-mile-long artificial waterway connecting the Hudson River with Lake Erie, built between 1817 and 1825 |
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| A law, enacted in 1830, that forced Native American peoples east of the Mississippi to move to lands in the west |
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| A Novel by Upton Sinclair, published in 1906, that portrays the dangerous and unhealthy conditions prevelant in the meatpacking industry at that time |
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| A law, enacted in 1854, that established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and gave their residents the right to decide whether to allow slavery or not. |
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| A policy of the U.S. opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the western hemisphere, announced by president Monroe in 1826 |
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| Memebers of a church founded by Joseph smith and his associates in 1830 |
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| A state's refusal to recognize an act of congress that it considers unconstitutional. |
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| A gifted preacher who thought he should lead slaves in a rebellion. He killed 60 whites, and had nearly 80 followers. They were captured and over 200 blacks were killed as punishment for all blacks. |
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| The act of trying to abolish slavery, with help from Garrison who started The Liberator in attempt to persuade the people who read it to accept immediate emancipation, with no payment to slave holders. |
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| The attempt to prohibit the drinking of alcohol. An offshoot of the church and womens rights activists. |
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| A philosophical and literary movement in the 1800'snthat emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination. |
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| The Second Great Awakening |
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| The impulse toward reform was rooted in the revivals of the broad religious movement that swept through the United States after 1970 |
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| Born into slavery in 1817, he had been taught to read and write. Douglass bought a free slave's identity, and escaped north to New York, where he became a sponsored lecturer for the American Anti-Slavery Society. He then wrote his own news paper called The North Star. |
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| The Seneca Falls Convention started to give women just as many rights, except for the right to vote. |
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| Samuel Morse, once a famous painter, became an inventor creating morse code, which was used to send messages through his invention... The Telegraph. This helped Abraham Lincoln send messages faster to his troops, and recieve them, during battle. |
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| Blacksmith, who invented the first steel plow. It slice through heavy soil much more easlier than existing plows and therefore took less animal power and time. |
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| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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On Febuary 2, 1848, the united states signed this treaty. Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande border for texas and ceeded New Mexico and California to the United States.
The United States agreed to pay $15 Million for the Mexican cession. |
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| 1848, James Marshall discovers gold on Sutter's mill. Word travels fast, and many people quit jobs in hope of becoming rich off of this gold. People from Asia, South America, and Europe all flock in hopes in 1849, gaining the name "Forty-Niners." |
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| In 1864, the Cheyenne tribe move back to Sand Creek Reservoir, thinking they were still under the protection of the government, but Gereral S. R. Curtis commanded to make the Indians suffer, and over 150 Cheyenne Indiand died. |
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| The formal withdrawl of a state from the Union |
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| One of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad. An escapee from slavery, she helped 300 other slaves escape. Later, she became and abolitionist speaker. |
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| Lincoln challenged Douglas to a bunch of debates to that the voters would know which side of arguments the poloticians were on. Being creative, Lincoln got Douglas to admit to popular sovereignty, which upset southerners. |
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An 1857 case that ended with these three conclusions:
1. African Americans were never and can never be citizens.
2. Blacks cannot be sued, or sue.
3. African Americans were property, not people |
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| This economy was not very strong, lacking trade with the north. |
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| An abolitionist who had a false lead about a murder, ended up seeking for revenge, killing 5 innocent men starting the Pottawomie Massacre |
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| John Brown led a band of 21 men to this place in hopes of obtaining the arsenal there, distribute them to the slaves in the area, and start a slave uprising. |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| An executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing all slaves behind confederate lines |
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| A long battle fought between General Lee's command and John buford. The north won, and Lee and his men retreadted back to Virginia. This retreat led to the next battle in Vicksburg. |
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| This ammendment abolished slavery in 1865 |
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| This ammendment says that all person born in the United States are Citizens of the United states; Passed in 1868 |
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| This ammendment, ratified in 1870, gave every man the right to vote, no mater what race, color, or previous job. |
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| Passed by congress in 1920, this ammendment allowed women the right to vote. |
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| These laws created racial segregation throughout America in private and public facilities. |
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| 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that the seperation of races in public accomodations was legal and did not violate the fourteenth ammendment. |
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| Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction |
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| A proclomation announced in 1863, also known as the 10 percent plan. The government would pardon all Confederates, except for high ranking officials and those accoused of crimes against P.O.W.'S, who would swear allegiance to the Union. |
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| These Indians were known for living on the great plains, hunting buffalo for their hide, meat, bones, and everything; using every part and not wasting anything. Their life styles were interupted as settlers moved west, killing buffalo for their hide, and ruining the source of life for Indians. |
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(Rockefeller)
Robber Barons |
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| This man was known for his oil companies that took over the entire oil buisness, and made prices very high. Even though the prices were unreasonable, he still donated most of his profits to organizations and started his own foundation. |
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| A law enacted in 1906 to halt the sale of contaiminated foods and drugs and to ensure truth in labeling. |
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| An early-20th-century reform mevement seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life. |
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| A law, enacted in 1887, that established the federal government's right to supervise railroad activities and created a five-member Interstate Commerce Commission to do so. |
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| The period of rebuilding that followe the Civil War, during which the defeated Confederat states were readmitted to the Union. |
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| These were mexican Cowboys that taught Americans how to ranch and rope. |
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| An economic and social philosophy- supposedly based on the biologish Charles Darwin's theory of evolution my natural selection -holding that a system of inrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest. |
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| This was the admission place in San Francisco for Asian families coming to America. Families had to wait in shaggy disgusting buildings while they waited to know it they were admitted or not after a harsh round of questioning. |
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| Strikebreakers that were hired when the Homestead Strike occured. |
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| A device that was used to send a message as fast as the speed of light from on place to another. This invention aided the North during the Civil War. |
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| Used for boats to be able to channel goods from one place to another, which was faster than horse and buggy. |
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| Medicine in the Civil War |
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| At the beginning, most medicines consisted of alcohol and chloroform. As doctors practice, many common elements were used to preserve corpses and aid the stop of infection. |
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| Women were known to stay at home and act as the house wife in wealthy families. In common families, women were working beside their husbands, plowing, or racking for Gold. |
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| Men were very active in the farming, hunting, and gold digging buisnesses. For some time, a lot of men went off to work for the railroad company, before the Chinese came over for cheap work. |
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| Invented by Thomas Edison, the telephone became the new telegraph, allowing a faster way for communication, without the decoding process. |
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| Steam ships allowed people to travel opposite of currents. Although they were very helpful, they occasionally exploded, and the smoke covered everything in soot. |
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| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory |
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| This factory had a fire, killing many women(due to locked doors) which led to many new laws and rules about work requirements. |
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| These are groups that pay X amount, and receive benefits in return for what they have paid; teacher's union. |
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| The US History teacher who is very kinda and realizes that the terms "Gilded Age" and "Coal Strike" are no where to be found in the index or glossary, thus, it is impossible for me to write definitions of. |
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