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| Roles of African Americans after the Civil War |
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| after the Civil War they served as cowboys and were able to become farmers |
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| all African American cavalry units who fought western Native Americans |
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| a group of Arapaho and Cheyenne Indians attacked and killed by Colorado militia |
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| led Sioux Indian tribes who attempted to run miners off territory in the Dakotas and Montana |
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| battle also called Custer's last stand, US military was defeated by Sioux Indians |
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| powerful chief who led the Nez Perce Indians |
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| Native American tribe that refused relocation and attempted to flee to Canada |
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| Native American men, women, and children were massacred in response to the Ghost Dance |
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| book written by Helen Hunt Jackson that criticized the US government's history of broken treaties with Native Americans |
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| intended to replace the reservation system by giving Native Americans land to farm and live on |
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| Roles of Chinese and Irish |
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| these immigrants served and builders of the railroad |
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| Transcontinental Railroad |
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| transportation system that connect the East and West |
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| similar to land grants in which builders were given large tracts of land |
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| geographic location where the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads met |
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| allowed states to regulate railroad rates within their own borders (intrastate) |
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| if people agreed to live on a cultivate 160 acres of land for 5 years, they were given the deed to it |
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| homes constructed by Midwest settlers using mud and prairie grass |
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| settlers made a mad dash to claim land in Oklahoma given away by the US governmsnt |
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| women became more independent, were able to own land as single individuals, became more educated |
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| the largest discovery of precious metals in history, located in Nevada |
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| invented by Joseph Glidden to restrict cattle movements on large properties |
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| US Supreme court ruled that states cannot enact laws that restrict or interfere with interstate commerce |
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