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Passed in 1820 to keep the balance of power even between free and slave states in the Senate. - Maine enters as a free state
- Missouri enters as a slave state
- slavery banned in Louisiana Territory north of 36'30
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| How did the North and South differ in the 1840s? |
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| The North was more industrial while the South remained more agricultural with a heavy reliance on slave labor. |
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| How did Southerners react to the Wilmot Proviso? |
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| They saw it as an attempt to destroy slavery.
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| What was Stephen A. Douglas’s role in passing the Compromise of 1850? |
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| He worked to get the bill passed by Congress despite regional bickering over the issue.[image] |
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| How did Northerners react to the Fugitive Slave Act? |
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| They opposed the law because it forced them to support slavery.
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| How did “Bleeding Kansas” cause problems for Democrats? |
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| Democrats took much of the blame for the violence that erupted there. [image] |
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| What positions did Lincoln and Douglas take in their debates? |
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Lincoln thought that the national government should ban slavery from expanding into new territories. He believed slavery was wrong but did not believe in abolishing slavery where it already existed. Douglas thought popular sovereignty (a vote by the people in that area) should decide whether the territories had slavery or not. [image] |
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| What was the result of John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry? |
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| He was captured and executed. Northerners treated him as a martyr for the antislavery cause. Southerners were shocked at Northern support for his violent tactics.
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| What were the results of the election of 1860, and what did these results show? |
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| Republican candidate Lincoln won. Southern states feared his motives and seceded from the Union.
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| How did Southerners justify secession? |
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| They argued that they had joined the Union voluntarily and had the right to leave.
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| Why did most Northerners and Southerners disagree about the Kansas-Nebraska Act? |
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| Allowed slavery into territories where it had been banned. Northerners opposed it and Southerners supported it.
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| An extreme abolitionist. In 1855, he and 7 other men killed proslavery Kansans in revenge for a proslavery mob attacking Lawrence, Kansas, where the offices of the governor of the antislavery government was located.
Later, in 1859 he led the attacks on Harpers Ferry where he and others captured the US arsenal to get weapons. He wanted to inspire slaves to fight for freedom. He was captured, tried for treason and hanged. He became a martyr for the abolitionist movement.
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| a federal arsenal (where they kept a supply of weapons) in Virginia that was captured in 1859 during a slave revolt led by John Brown. [image] |
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| a political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery
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| an 1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico, the Mexican Cession. |
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a series of Congressional laws intended to settle the major disagreements between free states and slave states; passed to keep the Union together. It called for: - California to be admitted as a free state
- the slave trade abolished in Washington DC
- the Fugitive Slave Law to be passed to help southerners regain runaway slaves
Henry Clay proposing it: [image] |
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| A senator from Kentucky. He created the Missouri Compromise in 1820. He also proposed the Compromise of 1850. [image] |
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| A senator from Massachusetts. Supporter of Henry Clay's Compromise of 1850 in the interests of holding the Union together.
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| Senator from Illinois. Thought that people of each new territory should decide whether or not to allow slavery. Supported the Compromise of 1850 and helped get it passed.
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| Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin.
Was outraged when she heard about the part of the Compromise of 1850 that would help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves. That motivated her to write a novel that showed slavery as brutal and immoral. She wrote the book Uncle Tom's Cabin.
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book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe portraying slavery as brutal and immoral; it was very popular in the North, but South felt it falsely portrayed them. [image] |
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an 1850 law to help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves. It required Northerners to help recapture runaway slaves. It caused bitterness between the North and the South. [image] |
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| a system where the residents vote to decide an issue |
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The law set up territorial governments for the Nebraska Territory--dividing it into two territories--Nebraska & Kansas. It allowed for POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY to decide the issue of slavery--in other words the local people would vote for whether they would allow slavery or not. This law repealed (got rid of) the Missouri Compromise by allowing people to vote for slavery in territories where the Missouri Compromise had banned it. Southerners supported it. As a result of this Act, proslavery and antislavery supporters rushed into the Kansas Territory to vote for the laws that would govern the territory. This ultimately led to violence--"Bleeding Kansas" |
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A small scale civil war in Kansas which led to 200 deaths. Proslavery and antislavery settlers clashed. Both sides carried out violent attacks. John Brown, an abolitionist leader, led an attack (the Pottawatomie Massacre) on proslavery settlers in response to proslavery raids on antislavery settlers. "Bleeding Kansas" became a rallying cry for antislavery Northerners and became a slogan for a new political party, the Republican Party. |
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the political party formed in 1854 by opponents of slavery in the territories Problems caused by the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to its creation. The Whig party split. The Southern Whigs died out the the Northern Whigs became the Republican Party. Abraham Lincoln switched from the Whig Party to the Republican party because he supported stopping the spread of slavery. |
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| the Republican candidate for President in the election of 1856 (antislavery)
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| The Democratic candidate for President in the election of 1856. He won the election. |
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| It showed two things: 1. the Republican Party had become a major force in the North, and 2. the nation was sharply split over slavery. Buchanan, the Democrat, won. |
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This was a Supreme Court decision made in 1857 in which Dred Scott, a slave, sued and said he was a free man because his owner had taken him into the Nebraska and Kansas Territory while slavery was not legal there. The Court ruled against him. It further split the nation as Northerners were outraged and Southerners cheered the Court's decision. It declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. [image] |
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| The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court when the Dred Scott case was decided.
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| In 1858 Republicans nominated him to challenge Stephen A. Douglas for his seat in the Senate. He debated against Douglas.
He believed that slavery was wrong and should not be expanded to areas that didn't already have it. He did not win the Senate seat, but as a result of the debates he became known nationally.
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a federal arsenal (where weapons were stored) in Virginia that was captured in 1859 during a slave revolt led by John Brown. John Brown was captured by the U.S. Marines. He was convicted of treason and murder and was sentenced to hang.[image] |
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| a political party's statement of beliefs |
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| to withdraw from the Union. South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union (1860) |
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| the Confederate States of America |
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The states that seceded from the Union formed their own government which they called the Confederate States of America. This included South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. [image] |
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| president of the Confederacy [image] |
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| A plan seeking to have the Union and the confederate states compromise to avoid war. It failed. |
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Lincoln won the election, even though he did not receive the support of the South. After the election, Southerners were afraid he would try to abolish slavery in the South. They saw it as a threat to the Southern way of life. Lincoln's election led South Carolina, and then other states, to secede. |
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Charles Sumner delivered a speech in Congress attacking the proslavery forces in Kansas and making fun of senator A.P. Butler from South Carolina. Preston Brooks, a relative of Butler, attacked Sumner in the senate: [image] |
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A Southern Democrat that won a majority of the vote in the South in the Election of 1860 [image] |
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