Term
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| militant leaders of the new southern concept of southern nationalism. they demanded an end to the union |
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| Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, Texas, Luisiana, Alabaa, Texas |
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| 1860, where convention for Condeferate States of America formed. |
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| told congress that the southern states had no right to secede from the Union, but the union cannot stop the states from seceding |
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| what did the southern states do right after they secede the union? |
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Definition
| they began to take control of federal forts, arsenals, goernemnt office within their boundary. |
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Term
| what is the name of the two forts that the south could not capture at the beginning? |
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Definition
| Fort Sumner and Fort Pickens |
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| leader of the Fort Sumner. Refused to surrender fort to the south at first |
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| 1861, the president Buchanan send an unarmed merchant ship to fort sumner, attacked by the southern troops. first shots fired by the south and north |
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Term
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Senator of Kentucky. wrote teh Crittenden Comprimise. Promise of the permanent existence of slavery in teh slave states and would satisfy southern demands on issues as fugitive slaves and slaver in teh District of Columbia. Reestablish Missouri Compromise line.
The remaining southereners in the senate were willing to accept the plan, but Repulicans did not accept it because it would reqire them to abandon their priority: that slavery cannot be allowed to expand. |
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Term
| How did Fort Sumter loose? |
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Definition
| Fort Sumter's supplies were cut off, they were bombarded for two days. afterwards they surrendered. |
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| the leader of confederate army in Charleston. Bombarded Anderson and the fort for two days. |
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Term
| states that seceded after fort Sumter |
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Definition
| Virginia, North Carolina, Tenessee, Arkansas |
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Term
| Slave states in the union |
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Definition
| West Virginia, Maryland, Misouri, Kentucky, Delawere |
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| quote of Ralph Waldo Emerson |
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| I do not see how a barbarous community and a civilized community can constitute on state. it was much of the northern perspective. |
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| these northern people hate us, annoy us, and would have us assassinated by our slaves if they dared. They are a different people from us, whether better or worse, and there is no love between us. Why then continue together? |
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Four times as large as the nonslave population and twice as large as total population-larger army and work force
advanced industry-able to produce their own war material
better railroads-better transportation system |
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fighting a defensive war-in their own territory
local support-southern population were generally supporting the war, while northern population's support remained shaky until the end
familiar with territory
shorter line of communiation |
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Term
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Definition
| permitted any citizen to claim 160 acres of public land an dto purchase it for a small fee after living on it for five years. |
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Term
| Morrill land grant act of 1682 |
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Definition
| transferred substantial public acreage to the states governments. use to sell it to finance public education |
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| led to a great boon to domestic industires eager for protection from foreign competition |
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Term
| transcontinental railroad |
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Definition
Union Pacific Railroad-westward from Omaha, Ohio
Central Pacific-eastward from California
Sponsered by government. Free public land and generous loans to the companies. |
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Term
| National Bank Act of 1863-1864 |
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Definition
created a new national banking system
willing to invest one-third of bank in government securites. in return, they could issue U.S. treasury ntoes as currency. |
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Term
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Definition
Levying taxes-new taxs on almost all goods and services.
Issuing paper currency-greenbaks. not supported by gold or silver, but by teh good faith and credit of teh government
Borrowing-persuaded ordinarty people to buy 400$ million dollar bonds ended up in 2.6 billion most came from banks and large financial interest |
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| allowing drafting in the county |
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16,000 troops already, most in west
23,000 increase in regular army
500,000 volunteer for three year term |
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Term
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Definition
assembled cabinet for every faction of the republican party.
Lincoln ignored inconvinient parts of constitution
suspended the rightes of Hebeas Corpus
increased size of regular army without legislative authority
went into war without asking congress
proclaimed blocade of the south |
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also known as copperheads, against war.
lincoln arrested their leader, CLemen L. Vallandigham. Ignored order of supreme court to release him |
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| relieve of the command of army. peace democrat's nominated person. |
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| Reason to be able to be reelected |
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Definition
Special Arrangements to allow Union troops to vote.
millitary success in capturing Atlanta, Georgia |
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Term
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Definition
Representitive Thaddeus Stevens of Penn.
Senator Charles Sumner of Mass.
Benjamin Wade of Ohio
wish to abolish slavery impediately and completely |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual and less disruptive process. Lincoln supported it at first |
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| all slaves supporting the southern millitary efforts are set free |
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| free the slaves of person supporting the south. Allow use to slaves as soldiers. |
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| battle of antietam, lincoln announce his intention to use his power to free all slaves in the Confederate states. |
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Definition
| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Term
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Definition
| Thirteenth amendment, abolishing slavery in all parts of the United States |
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Term
| Fifth fourth Mass. infantry/ blacks in war |
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Definition
black regiment. led by Robert Gould Shaw
186,000 blacks serves as soldiers, laborers and sailors.
most dug trenches and transport water
paid 1/3
higher mortality due to tedious task in bad condition |
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Term
| economic expansion due to war |
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Definition
coal production- raise by 20%
Railroad facility improved
mechanization of agriculture |
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Definition
price rise by 70% while wage only 40%
due to liberalized immigration laws perimited a flood of immigrants.
lose of jobs for skilled worker due to mechanization of production. |
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Term
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Definition
worked as teachers, sales clerks, office worker, mill and factory hands
desperate need for money
nursing-US sanitary commision
organized female nurses to serve in field hospitals. at teh end of war, women were dominant force in nursing.
performed cooking, cleaning, and laundering
Elithabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B Anthony founded the Nation Woman's Loyal League in 1863. worked in abolition of slavery and suffrage of women.
Clara Barton-founder of red cross, important figure in nursing |
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Term
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Definition
acknowledged the soverignty of the indivisual state-(not the right of secession) made abolition of slavery practically impossible.
had to use paper currency. 1864-passed 1.5 billion dollar in paper money. due to ununified currency, caused wide spread chaos.
disastrous inflation-north 80%, south 9000%. devastated nation's morale.
at first called for volunteers.
Conscription act-subjected all white males between age of 18 and 35 to enlist for 3 years. it was repeled in 1863
complain "rich man's war, Poor man's fight" due to excemption of ppl with 20 or more slaves.
After 1862, due to Union seizing large areas of Confederate, cutting off popluation for recruitment, army sized steadily decreased. |
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Term
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Definition
moderate secessionist.
unsuccessfuly president of south.
although a able administrator and dominating political figure, he rarely provided genuine leadership. Spent to much time on routine items. |
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Term
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| From Georgia, Vice president. argued against secession. |
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Term
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poorer regions, due to limited slavery, refused to recognize the new confederate government and to serve in the southern army. some worked and fought for union.
Many were supporting were, but as the tide turned to the north, open critisicm arrised. |
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Term
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Definition
ultimately impossible task.
low liquid asset
unstable banking leading no capital to lend
1863-income tax-produced only about 1% of government income
public stopped buying bonds due to loss of faith |
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Definition
the greatest sourse of division in south.
restricted Davis's ability to impose martial law and suspend habeas corpus.
Recalcitrant governors: Joseph Brown of Georgia, Zebulon M. Vance of North Carolina tried to keep their own troops apart from the confederate forces insisted on hoarding suplus supplies for their own state's militia.
by end of the war, the confeerate bureaucracy was larger than its coutnerpart in Washington. "food Draft" permit soldiers to feed themselves by seizing crop from farms in their path.
Seized slaves dispite objection of owner
seized control of railroad and shipping, imposed regulatino on industry.
becoming more like the region whose institution it was fighting to escape |
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Term
| Economic effect of war on south |
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Definition
cut off market of the planters from North which they depended on
sale of cotton oversea difficult
decline of all good by a third
almost all the major battle of war occurred within the south.
railroad sstem was nearly destroyed
farmlands and plantation were ruined by Union Troops
After northern naval blockade, south experinced massive shorages of almost everything.
since only grew cotton, did not grow enought food to meet ites own needs.
doctors were conscripted to serve in military, leaving places without medical care.
other professions such as blacksmith, carpenter, were short also. |
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Term
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Definition
similar to women in the north, task of keeping families together and maintaining agricultrual production fell inreasingly to women.
slave owner women responsible for managing large slave work forces.
wives of medest farmer learn to plow fields and harbest crop.
female worked in government agencies in Richmond.
Also large number of people joined nursing and school teaching.
let women question that female were unsuited for certain activities.
due to larger number of women than man in states such as North Carolina and Georgia, widowed or unmarried woen had no choice but the find employment. |
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Definition
most important
took advantage of material advantages.
understood the need to destroy souther army, not the territory |
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Term
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| aging hero of Mexican war. unprepared for the magnitude of teh new conflict, retired in Nov. 1 1861 |
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proud and arrogant. Commander of armies in east and potomac
inadequate grasp of strategy. |
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Definition
ineffective strategist.
left all substantial decision to Lincoln. |
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Term
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Definition
| shared Lincoln's view in making enemy's army and resources not territoy the target. |
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Term
| President Davis in south: war leader |
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Definition
he was a trained professional soldier.
but failed to create an effective command system. He made all the strategy by himself. 1864, he apponited Braxton Bragg as a military adviser, but never provided much more than technical advice.
feb 1865, made formal position of general in chief. but the war ended before the last command |
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Term
| who was most sucessful military leader? |
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Definition
| the most sucessful military leader were Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman. They were able to see beyond their academmic training and envision a new kind of warfare. Destruction of resources was important as battlefield tactics. |
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Term
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Definition
north had overwhelming advantage in naval power. gave its navy two important role sin the war.
1. enforce blockade
2 assisting in field operations
the blocade was never fully effective, but had a major impact. could generally keep oceangoing ships out of confederate ports.
blocade runners often slip through, but later, by seizing ports the north won. |
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Term
| Wilminton, North Carolina |
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Definition
| last port in Confederate hands fell to union in early 1865 |
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Term
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Definition
renamed Virginia, fought against Monitor of northern ironclad.
other inventions included small torpedo boats and hand powered submarines. but could not manage to overcome the union's naval advantage |
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Definition
the navy traveled through the large river. transported foods and attacked confederate strong points.
South could only defend fized land fortification, which proved no match for teh mobile and land-and-water forces of the union. |
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Term
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Definition
| Confederate secretary of State, intelligent, but lacked strong convictinos and contained to routine administrative task. |
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Term
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Definition
| Federal secretary of State, with assisstance from Charles Francis Adams,the Amiercan Minister to London, (son of john quincy adam). |
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Term
| influence of England and France |
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Definition
| at first, sympathized with Confederacy for cotton, weaken the US, and admired the aristocratic social order of the south, which was like the hierarchical structures of their own. |
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Term
| John Bright and Richard Cobden |
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Definition
| considered the war a struggle between free adn slave labor. urged to support union. After Emancipatino Proclamation, the unenfranchised workers in Britain avidely supported the Union. |
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Term
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Definition
southerner belived that cotton was essential to England and France. But since there was surplus in both raw and finished goods made by cotton, and import of cotton from Egypt and India.
Although 500,000 workers were fired because of this, they still supported the northern antislavery.
Britain Declared itself neutral and so did France and other countries. |
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Term
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Definition
1861-two confeerate diplomats James M. Mason and John Slidell slipped through the Union Blockade to Havana, Cuba. Boarded english steamer Trent to england.
San Jacinto, commanded by Carles Wilkes, stopped the british vessel and arrested the diplomats.
British demanded an apology, Lincoln and Seward released the diplomats and indirectly apologized after American public opinion had cooled off. |
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Term
| the 6 Confederacy warship from England |
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Definition
| Alabama, Florida and Shenandoah and three other commerce ship. North said that was violation of neutrality. |
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Definition
southern supporters were active throughtout the west. attempted to enlist indian and settler to support confederacy. actual combat between Unionist and secessionist occured.
Kansas VS Missouri. continued to fight sicne 1850. |
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Term
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Definition
Ohio native, with a group of teenage boys, raided Kansas-Misouri boarder. captain of confederate army.
especially murderous
Lawrance, Kansas-slaughtered nearly 150 civilians, adults and children alike.
died shortly after the war in the hands of union troops. |
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Definition
| one group was commanded by son of John Brown and brother of Susan B. Antony. |
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| never formally allied themselves with either side. but some were prosouth due to resent way of how northern government treated them and some where slave holder themselves. others were pronorth due to antislavery feeling. |
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in northern virginia.
Union: 30,000 troops led by Irvin McDowell
Confederate: PGTBeauregard less troops
Beauregard moved troops to Bull Run, and asked for reinforcement, which arrived a day before the battle, taking the size same.
July 21, first battle of Bull Run or Manassas.
McDowell almost succeeded in dispersing the confederate force, but the last strong assult was stopped. Then the south countered. The union troops panicked, adn broke their ranks and retreated chaotically.
severe damage to union morale.
dispelled the illusion that the war would be a quick one. |
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Term
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Definition
| August 10. Nathaniel Lyon, who commanded a small regular army force in St. Louis faced Governor Claiborne Jackson and other state officials who watned to secede from the Union. Although Lyon died, he seriously weakened the striking power of the Confederates. |
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Term
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Definition
Union was trying to seize control of southern part of Mississippi river, which would divide the confederatcy and give the north eas transportatino into teh heart of the south.
Ironclads adn wooden vessels commanded by David G. Farragut gathered in the Gulf of Mexico. Smashed past the weak defense and captured New Orleans. the south's largest city and most important banking center was in union hands.
Further north, Confederate troops under the command of Albert Sidney johnston were streched out in a long defensive line centered at two forts in Tennessee, Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. Ulysses S. Grant attacked the Fort Henry, awed by the ironclads, they surrendered without much resistance. Then he moved to Fort Donelson, where they put up a stronger fight, but lost.
Grant then advanced with 40,000 men along Tennessee river to seize control of railroad lines vital to teh Confederacy.
In Shiloh, Tennessee, where a force almost equal to his own, commanded by albert Sidney Johnston and PGT beauregard caught him by surprise. the battle of Shiloh, where Johnston was killed, drove Grant back to the river.
Next day, with 25,000 new troops, Grant gain control of important railroad and forced beauregard to retreat. |
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Term
| Battle of Murfreesboro, stone river |
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Definition
Braxton Bragg, command of Condeferate army in west gathered force at Chattanooga. Union army Don Carlos Buell later by William S. Rosecrans fought then after months of manuevering for advantage.
Bragg was sotred to withdraw to the south. |
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Term
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Definition
led by union McClellan, gathered 150,000 men in washington to capture Richmond.
transported troop down the Potomac to a peninsula east of richmond.
Thomas J. Jackson (stonewall) marched north through the Shenandoah valley, defeated two separate union force and slipped away before McDowell could catch him with his 30,000 troop.
McClellan defeated troops of Joseph E. Johnston outside of Richmond. Jonston was badly wounded, Lee took his place. Lee wanted to cut McClellan off from his base on the York River, but McClellan fought his way across teh peninsula and set up a base on the James. With naval support, he was safe.
Second Bull Run
Lincolhn ordered army to to move to northern Virginia and join a smaller force under John Pope. Lee stroke Pope's army befor eMcClellen could merge together. Pope, being rash, attacked Lee and lost in the second bull run. |
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