Term
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Definition
| economic philosophy or practice in which england established the colonies to provide raw materials to the mother country |
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| prior to the american revolution, the british instituted the __ ___ which taxed all transactions involving paper without colonial consent. no other act outraged all 13 colonies than this one. |
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| major religious revival (1750-1770) prior to the american revolution that furthered individualism, established authority and american nationalism. |
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| organized by the sons of liberty, the ___ ___ ___ eventually forced the british to pass the coercive acts in 1775. |
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| enlightenment philosoph whose ideas influenced T. Jeffersons declaration of independence and madison's work on the bill of rights; specifically his ideas on life, liberty and prosperity |
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| also known as the Connecticut compromise, the ___ ___ established a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house (house of rep) and equal representation in the upper house [2 senators each state] |
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| alexander hamilton's _______ was established to improve the national economy, but it also created a constitutional crisis on interpretation of the U.S. constitution. |
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Definition
| important battle of the revolutionary war. the american victory encouraged france to aid colonial independence from britain. |
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| articles of confederation |
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Definition
| first US government which was ineffectual in dealing with the nations financial and political problems because it lacked in coercive power. |
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Definition
| in 1804 corps of discovery surveyed and made scientific observations of the newly acquired Louisiana territory. |
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| jay, madison, and hamilton published a series of letters under the pseudonym "publius" to help grow support for the ratification of the constitution. |
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Definition
| the alleged deal between john quincy adams and henry clay in the election of 1824 that stole the election from andrew jackson |
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Definition
| this was henry clay's three part plan to improve the national economy through a 2nd national bank, international improvements, and protective tariffs |
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Definition
| henry clay proposed this bill in 1820 to solve the divisive issue of the expansion of slavery which threatened to upset the political balance in the senate. this bill set the tone for the congressional actions prior to the civil war. |
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| french liberal politician who observed the evolution of american political thought, customs and social interaction in the 1830's. his book democracy in america is still considered one of the most accurate primary sources on american culture |
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| announcement made during the era of good feelings because the us feared that the concert of europe might intervene in latin american revolutions-u.s. stood opposed to any further colonization in western hemisphere and would not intervene in european affairs |
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| (marshalls) landmark supreme court case that established the principle of judicial review |
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Definition
| established the principle of implied powers and upheld the constitutionality of the bank. "the power to tax is the power to destroy" |
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Term
| doctrine of separate spheres |
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Definition
| 19th century belief that men were superior in worldly pursuits and women were superior in their moral influences |
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Definition
| the historical term used to identify slavery prior to the civil war |
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Definition
| an almost religious belief prior to the mexican american war that the us should possess the N. american continent from east to west |
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Definition
| the most controversial portion of the compromise of 1850. it allowed southern slave holders to retrive escaped slaves in the north |
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Definition
| 1st national meeting for women's suffrage held in 1848. elizabeth cady stanton issued the declaration of sentiments calling for equality of the sexes |
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Definition
| a transcendentalist who wrote the essay civil disobedience which outlined his protest to the mexican american war this essay later influenced non-violent protests by gandhi and M.L. king jr. |
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Definition
| a network of safe houses used by abolitionist to aid the escape of southern slaves into the north. |
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Definition
| escaped slave who became a leading figure in the anti slavery movement |
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Definition
| controversial bill which allowed CA to enter the union as a free state while agreeing to some southern demands on slavery |
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Definition
| anti slavery activists who demanded the immediate end of slavery |
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Definition
| influenced by american textile industries, he left england with the memorized knowledge on how to build a textile factory. |
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| term used to describe the regions (northeast, south & west) and differing economic, social and cultural systems and intersets prior to the civil war. |
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Definition
| bloodiest single day of fighting during the civil war resulted in a draw and prompted lincoln to issue the emancipation proclamation. |
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Term
| emancipation proclamation |
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Definition
| issued by lincoln, the ______ ________ freed slaves only in the sates under rebellion. |
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Definition
| term used to describe the dominance of the south's cash crop (cotton) on policies, agriculture, and society prior to the civil war in the ante-bellum south. |
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Definition
| radical construction plan with the far reaching punitive measures against the southern states and their eventual readmission into the union. |
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Definition
| The union plan devised by general winfield scott to blockade the south and restrict its trade to win |
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Definition
| Passed by southern "johnson" governments to force freedmen back on the plantations. |
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| Fanatic anti-slavery who attempted to start a massive slave uprising by seizing the federal armory at harpers ferry in 1859 |
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Definition
| Written by Harriet Beecher stowe in response to the fugitive slave law ___ ____ ___ is considered to have been one of the most effective anti-slavery statements prior to the civil war. |
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Definition
| Written by Harriet Beecher stowe in response to the fugitive slave law ___ ____ ___ is considered to have been one of the most effective anti-slavery statements prior to the civil war. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1857 supreme court case that developed the fact that slaves were property not persons entitled to constitutional rights. it was the second supreme court decision to declare a law unconstitutional--missouri compromise |
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Definition
| term applied to the us presidents between grant and roosevelt. (hayes, cleveland, garfield, arthur, harrison, mckinnley) because business men dominated the national scene. |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that those blessed with great wealth earned it through darwinist competition but also were obligated to improve society and mankind through philanthropy |
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Term
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Definition
| a southern supporter of northern "carpet bag" governments during reconstruction in the south. |
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Term
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Definition
| a supporter of the republican party during the gilded age who supported the spoils system, protective tariffs, and hard money; he opposed reform. |
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Term
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Definition
| the period following the civil war in which the devastated southern states were slowly restored economically, politically, and socially |
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Term
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Definition
| laws enforcing segregation or control of blacks in such a manner as to make them unequal after reconstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| "detective" agency or private police hired by the federal gov't to guard the president prior to 1865 and used by gusiness owners to intimidate unions with strong arm tactics |
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Definition
| early american labor unioin that failed to achieve economic and social acceptance because its members were unskilled, expendable, and "un-american". the unioni was prone to violence, linked to communism, and anarchism. |
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Term
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Definition
| a 19th century term for political corruption during the gilded age. which included bribery scandals, abuses of the spoils system and political cronyism. |
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Term
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Definition
| during the gilded age it was the notorious tammany hall political machine led by "boss" william marcy tweed. in two years it defrauded the city of $200,000,000 1868-71 |
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Term
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Definition
| this act sought to end the abuses of the spoils system and was passed by grover cleveland. it mandated civil service exams for employment in the government |
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Term
| vertical and horizontal integration |
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Definition
| two forms of monopolistic system used by the "captains of industry" in the us from teh 1870's to 1900 to control production and sale. (horizontal = mine to market)(vertical = specialized in one particular aspect of business such as refining of raw materials) |
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Term
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Definition
| the term used to describe the gilded age monopolist for their social darwinist practices who referred to themselves as "captains of industry." |
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Term
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Definition
| 19th century belief that evolutionary ideas theorized by charles darwin could be applied to society |
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Term
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Definition
| american battleship that blew up in Havana, Cuba, and ultimately started the spanish - American war of 1898 "to hell with spain remember the maine!" |
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Term
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Definition
| naval historian who infuenced american imperialism and a world wide naval arms race with his support of large capital ships (battleships) and large navies to protect overseas colonial holdings & trade |
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Term
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Definition
| sec. of state john hay's plan in 1899 to give all countries equal trading rights with china and respect chinese sovereignty. derived from his "______- notes" which closed the door to the european/japanese spheres of influence" |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of economic imperialsism in which the taft administration's use of monetary power to create dependency among latin american countries to the u.s. |
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Term
| roosevelt corollary (to the monroe doctrine) |
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Definition
| u.s. promised to intervene in latin american affairs if its "police powers" needed to be used. |
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Definition
| progressive educator who believed in child centered learning or learning by doing to indoctrinate children to progressivism. wrote teh book democracy in education. |
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Definition
| term applies to southern and eastern european immigrants that came to american cities in the 1890's |
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Term
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Definition
| signed into law by president wilson the ___ ___ ___ was considered to be the "magna carta of labor". it outlawed restraining orders (injunctions. its primary purpose was to outlaw price discrimination and interlocking directorates. |
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Term
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Definition
| sensational newspaper reporting by william randolf hearst and jay pulitzer's news journals that helped instigate a war with spain |
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Term
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Definition
| spanish ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the u.s. mail and published by american newspapers. it criticized president mckinley in insulting terms. used by war hawks as a pretext for war in 1898 |
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Term
| american federation of labor |
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Definition
| (AFL) was the first successful trade union that succeeded in bringing acceptance to unions because its members were skilled and were willing to avoid strikes through "collective bargaining" |
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Term
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Definition
| muckracker upton sinclair wrote the _____ during the progressive era. it prompted president T. Roosevelt to sign the meat inspection act. |
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Term
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Definition
| national american women suffrage association |
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Term
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Definition
| passed to curb the abuses of big business in 1890, it was instead used to break up labor unions by claiming unions were a labor trust |
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Term
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Definition
| during the industrial rev. jane addams founded _____ _____ a settlement house that offered social programs for immigrants |
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Term
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Definition
| supreme court case that upheld jim crow segregation laws as legal so they were equal |
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Term
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Definition
| economic philosophy during the industrial revolution that understood that volume of production lessens the costs to produce and drives down prices and increases demand. |
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Term
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Definition
| progressive author and founder of the NAACP who thought that blacks would be best served by the talented 10th and receive government aid to gain equality |
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Term
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Definition
| (1833) frederick taylor's introduction of the __ ___ helped industrial engineers to produce more efficient factories. |
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Term
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Definition
| african american progressive who supported segregation and demanded that african american better themselves individually to achieve equality |
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Term
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Definition
| 1911 death of 145 people (mostly young immigrant girld) burned to death, crushed to death by leaping out of windows etc. Resulted in stronger building codes. |
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Term
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Definition
| nickname of teddy roosevelt's bold foreign policy (gun boat diplomacy) in latin america |
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Term
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Definition
| voluntary rationing of food stuffs during WWI named after herbert hoover the head of the food administration. |
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Definition
| the principle of strong self reliance in frederick jackson turner's frontier thesis and used as a theme to the harding election campaign of 1920 |
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Term
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Definition
| legal, yet popular, bars that sold liquor during prohibition in the late 1920's |
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Term
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Definition
| the unlawful leasing of public oil fields to private business during the harding administration. |
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Term
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Definition
| germany pledged to stop the use of unrestricted submarine warfare during WWI when the united states protested the sinking of unarmed ships. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1930's senate investigation that linked economic interests in the US to the US entry into WWI |
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Term
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Definition
| founder of UNIA (universal negro improvement association) and the motherland africa movement in the 1920's he was jailed for fraud. |
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Term
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Definition
| the act that was passed to define what "Hard Liquor" was and set up the law enforcement apparatus to police prohibition. |
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Term
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Definition
| alienated authors disillusioned with the 1920 conformity and culture including faulkner, fitzgerald, hemingway, and gertrude stein. |
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Term
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Definition
| african american art, music and literature that flourished in the 1920's in New York City. |
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Definition
| an organization of states proposed by woodrow wilson in 1919 that would provide "collective security" against war |
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Term
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Definition
| in 1919 president woodrow wilson proposed this plan to the allied powers to avoid future wars. |
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Term
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Definition
| legislative program focusing on reform begun by FDR in 1935 when the first attempt to end the depression failed. |
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Term
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Definition
| gov. of louisiana during the great depression he criticized FDR for not going far enough. his "share the wealth" program demanded all incomes exceeding $1 million be confiscated. |
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Definition
| the most expensive and important u.s. research project during WWII, it developed the A-bomb |
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Term
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Definition
| FDR's policy of supplying Great Britain and easing U.S. not interventionist fears of war while violating the neutrality acts. |
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Term
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Definition
| passed by congress during WWII the ____ ____ provided monies for vets to adjust to post war life |
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Term
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Definition
| president FD Roosevelt's weekly radio addresses to the nation during the great depression |
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Term
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Definition
| the unofficial US foreign policy adopted after WWI and lasted until US was drawn into WWII |
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Term
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Definition
| the first executive driven relief and recovery actions taken by FDR during the depression after his inauguration |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd new deal reform measure that outlawed child labour, established minimum wage, and a 40 hour work week. |
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Term
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Definition
| relief, recovery, and reform. the purpose of FDR's new deal measures to combat the three D's: depression, decline, and despair. |
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Term
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Definition
| the economic aid provided to european nations shortly after WWII to help stop the spread and contain communism and rebuild the worn and torn economies of western |
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Term
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Definition
| government spending during depression periods and high taxes during periods of boom. (tax and spend) |
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Term
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Definition
| the three most important allied conferences of WWII |
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Term
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Definition
| truman's domestic program to head off a post war depression and address important social issues facing the nation. |
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Term
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Definition
| the doctrine, enunciated by harry truman in 1947, that the united states would provide economic aid to countries that said they were threatened by communist expansion |
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Term
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Definition
| late 1940's early 1950's red scare investigation called the House of Un-American Activities Committee. |
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Term
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Definition
| led by strom thurmond southern democrats who opposed truman's desegregation of the US army and his policy forward race relations. |
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Term
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Definition
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization-a mutual defense pact formed in 1949 by the US and major western european countries |
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Term
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Definition
| the US foreign policy adopted by the truman administration in which the US would limit communism to those countries where it already existed. |
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Definition
| first artificial satellite launched into space by the USSR in 1957. began the space race between the US and Russia plus a great deal of hysteria and fear of nuclear war. |
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Term
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Definition
| southern christian leadership conference was the civil rights organization founded by ML king Jr in 1956 |
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Term
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Definition
| soviet controlled eastern european nations during the Cold war 1945-1989 |
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Term
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Definition
| controversial case involving 1950s red scare, when he perjured himself before a congressional investigation |
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Term
| julius and ethel rosenberg |
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Definition
| first two american citizens executed during peacetime for giving atomic bomb secrets to the soviets. fueled anti-communist hysteria known as McCarthyism |
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Term
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Definition
| unsuccessful attempt by cuban refugees backed by the US (kennedy) to overthrow castro in cuba |
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Term
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Definition
| daniel elsberg released top secret documents revealing US dealings in southeast asia and the vietnam war that reinvigorated the waning anti-war movement |
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Term
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Definition
| the _______ ________ was part of the complexity of the vietnam war when general westmoreland's assessment of the war turned out to be wrong. the media believed he was deliberately misleading them. |
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Term
| military industrial complex |
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Definition
| a phrase used by eisenhower to refer to the relationship between the military and business in the US |
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Term
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Definition
| the cold war belief that if one nation comes under communist control its neighboring nations would also fall to communism |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the nixon doctrine and begun the johnson administration. it was the policy of turning the war in vietnam to the ARVN (army of the republic of south vietnam) |
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Term
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Definition
| the breaking by nixon staff members into the DNC head quarters housed in the hotel. it resulted in cover ups, obstruction and the eventual resignation of nixon |
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Term
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Definition
| the mainstream of middle american society that supported the US domestic policy and foreign policy in the late 1960's and early 1970's and opposed the loud student/anti war types and protestors in general with slogans such as "america love it or leave it" |
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Term
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Definition
| 1960s - 1970s anti-establishment youth movement that opposed the vietnam war, believed in the use of mind expanding drugs and extreme liberalism. |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 students killed during SDS led anti-establisment/anti war protests in the 1970s |
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Term
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Definition
| communist guerilla forces that were formed after the french involvement in vietnam ended and the US involvement in southeast asia began. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1968 offensive action by NVA and the Nat'l liberation front that was a military failure but a propaganda victory. |
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Term
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Definition
| this was lyndon johnson's program of bringing economic, social and political progress to the US from 1965-1969-so called the "war on poverty" |
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Term
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Definition
| environmental protection agency-established in nixon administration in 1970 to monitor and reduce pollution |
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Term
| port huron statement 1962 |
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Definition
| SDS leader tom hayden manifesto that rejected what they claimed was a system of power rooted in possession, privilege, or circumstance |
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Term
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Definition
| a bok written by rachel carson that helped launch the environmentalist movement in the 1960s |
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Term
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Definition
| president kennedy's advisors |
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Term
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Definition
| political power politics practiced by kennedy and kruschev in the early 1960s berlin crisis of 1961 (wall) and the cuban missile crisis (1962). using the threat of war. |
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Term
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Definition
| in the vietnam war, the ______ ________ was the supply route used by the communist forces of vietnam to ferry war supplies through Laos and cambodia into south vietnam |
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Term
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Definition
| students for a democratic society was a radical anti-war organization during the late 1960s and early 1970s responsible for leading Anti-War protests and campus violence. |
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Term
| Gulf of tonkin resolution |
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Definition
| the _____ _______ _______ ________ gave LBJ the authority to use combat troops in vietnam |
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Term
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Definition
| Chinese communist isolationism penetrated by richard nixon in the 1970s |
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Term
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Definition
| nixon administration's visits to communist china |
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Term
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Definition
| the _______ _________ ________ involved a secret arms for hostages deal between the US (Reagan Administration) and iran to fund money for Contra Rebels (anti communists) in central america |
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Term
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Definition
| refugees from southeast asia during the 1970s |
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Term
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Definition
| this occurred when an islamic fundamentalist revolution broke out in the late 1970s in iran, and the US embassy was captured in Tehran. it helped destroy the chances for carters reelection |
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Term
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Definition
| a movement begun in the early 1980s among religious conservatives that supported primarily conservative republicans opposed to abortion, communism and liberalism |
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Term
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Definition
| supply side economics used by the reagan administration. it concluded that tax cuts and de-regulation on top producers would spur economic growth. the opponents derided it as "trickle down" and voodoo economics |
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Term
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Definition
| conservative movement that was not content with jimmy carters direction liberalism and the moral decline in america |
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Term
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Definition
| _______ was a anemic economy with double digit inflation and high interest rates in the ford and carter years |
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Term
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Definition
| feminist sponsored legislation to further women's rights in the late 1970s which has since been utilized by political groups to reach the youth vote. |
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Term
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Definition
| music television station that became a cultural happening in the 1980s which has since been utilized by political groups to reach youth vote |
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Term
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Definition
| ronald reagan's description of soviet union because of his fierce anti communist views and the USSR's history of violation of human rights and aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| the strategic defensive initiative was a missile defense program Reagan proposed to protect the USA from enemy nuclear missiles. derided as STAR WARS by his political opponents who believed it rekindled an all out arms race |
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Term
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Definition
| the vietnam of the soviet union. Reagan supported anti-communist "freedom fighters" with american weapons until the USSR withdrew in defeat |
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Term
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Definition
| 1970s Communist/terrorist organization formed out of primarily middle class youth disillusioned with american capitalism noted for kidnapping/recruitment of patty Hearst symbionese liberation army |
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Term
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Definition
| strategic arms limitation treaty-1972 nixon/breschenev agreement to bilateral nuclear reduction. as part of the easing of tensions (détente) in the 1970s |
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Term
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Definition
| a peace deal broken by james earl carter that involved israel and egypt in 1978 |
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Term
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Definition
| consumer rights activist who in the 1960s and 70s attacked cooperative america's unsafe products. he wrote a book about the auto industry unsafe at any speed |
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Term
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Definition
| nicknames of the first gulf war fought in 1991 after Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait |
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Term
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Definition
| worst us terror attack that resulted in the destruction of the WTC in NYC and began the war on terror |
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Term
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Definition
| 1989 collapse of the berlin wall marked the end of the cold war |
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Term
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Definition
| an affair which ultimately resulted in the impeachment of bill clinton |
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Term
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Definition
| scandal implicating bill clinton which resulted in an extensive republican investigation in congress. regarding clintons' financial records in Arkansas |
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Term
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Definition
| north american free trade agreement between Canada US and Mexico |
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Term
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Definition
| Newt Gingrich conservative republican realigning election in 1994 |
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Term
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Definition
| federal siege of branch davidian (Cult) that resulted in the deaths of many of the members of church during the clinton era. used by timothy McVeigh bombing of the federal building in oklahoma in 1995 |
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Term
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Definition
| the official government investigation into the assassination of president kennedy that concluded the only one man was responsible for JFK's death |
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Term
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Definition
| americans born between 1947-1963. the largest population growth in america that is rapidly aging |
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Term
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Definition
| charges made by feminist who were unhappy with the lack of higher level management positions (CEOs) in american companies and lower salaries for women |
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Term
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Definition
| 1964 students and civil rights workers campaign to register blacks in the south |
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Term
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Definition
| 1950s red scare that is synonymous with hysteria and violation of civil liberties in the early years of the cold war. |
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