Term
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Definition
- Article V/Article VII/Amendments 9 & 10
- To prevent any one of the three branches from becoming too powerful
- Each branch has some ability to limit the power of the other branches |
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Term
| 3 Branches of Government (Separation of Powers) |
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Definition
- Article I, Section 1/Article I, Section 1, Clause 8
- Executive: Article I, Sections 1-3; Headed by president, implements and enforces the laws passed by Congress
- Legislative: Congress (Senate and the House of Representatives) who makes the laws
- Judicial: Article I/Article III; System of federal courts who interprets federal laws and provides judgement incases involving these laws |
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Term
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Definition
- Article II, Section 1, Clause 2
- 12th Amendment
- Each state chooses its electors (same number as it has senators and representatives) and then votes for the president
- Each elector in the EC voted for two people |
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Term
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Definition
- Article VII
- To approve and give formal permission to; Confirm |
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Term
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Definition
- State government won't have most of the powers
- Article VI, Clause 2
- "Supreme law of the land"
- Enumerated powers: Advantage to state government; State government is closer to people so they are more loyal and supportive |
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Term
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Definition
- Necessary and Proper Clause
- Article I, Section 8, Clause 18
- Granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers |
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Term
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Definition
- Article I, Section 2, Clause 3
- 13th Amendment
- 3/5 Compromise where every 5 slaves counted as 3 people for representation and taxes
- Southerners opposed because it might impose taxes on export of farm products or ban importation of enslaved Africans |
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Term
| Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
- July 4, 1776
- Mostly written by Thomas Jefferson
- Continental Congress issued this for independence
- Colonies now became the United States of Independence
- American Revolution began |
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Term
| Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
- November 1777 adopted by the Continental Congress
- Plan for a loose union of the states under the authority of the Congress; First national constitution of the US |
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Term
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Definition
- September 17, 1787
- Federal Constitution to create a stronger central government
- Virginia Plan, Connecticut (Great) Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, and Checks & Balances |
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Term
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Definition
- December 15, 1791
- Anti-Federalists supported this
- States' rights, no tyranny, civil liberties protection (natural rights) |
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Term
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Definition
- 1786 in Massachusetts
- Government of Massachusetts decided to raise taxes instead of issuing paper money to pay off its debts (Recession grew worse and farmers lost their properties) |
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Term
| Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
- Established a very weak central (national) government
- No power to regulate commerce
- No power to compel states to obey international treaties signed by Congress
- No power to tax
- No power to print or coin money |
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Term
| Constitutional Convention |
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Definition
- 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation but instead began to draft a constitution for a new national government
- James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, William Peterson, George Washington |
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Term
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Definition
- Important nationalist; One of the Founding Father
- New York delegate
- Recommended that the Congress itself call for a convention |
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Term
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Definition
- Influential nationalists, One of Founding Fathers
- Member of the Virginia Assembly and head of its commerce committee
- Created Virginia Plan: Legislature into 2 houses (June 19, 1787 accepted)
- Fourth pres. of US |
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Term
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Definition
- Wrote essays of the Federalist (w/ James Madison and Alexander Hamilton) around late 1787 and late 1788
- Pen name of the three was Publius
- Federalists' arguments for ratification of Constitution |
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Term
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Definition
- Anti-Federalist (John Hancock was an an A-F too)
- Accepted national government, not against federalism, but didn't want a supreme national or state government (tyrant)
- Believed in a bill of rights |
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Term
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Definition
- One of the Framers; Connecticut delegate
- A member to draft the Dec. of Independence
- Proposed idea for Great Compromise (so each state would have equal representation and to avoid the convention from breaking up)
- Elected to H of R, helped prepare the Bill of Rights
- Signed Dec. of Ind., Articles of Conf., and Constitution |
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Term
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Definition
- New Jersey delegate
- Offered the New Jersey Plan
- Didn't abandon Articles of Conf.
- Modified it to make the central government stronger, Congress have a single house for equal representation for states, power to raise taxes, and regulate trade |
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Term
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Definition
- Mostly wrote Dec. of Ind.
- Prominent nationalists; Pennsylvania delegate at 81 years old |
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Term
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Definition
- Presiding officer of Constitutional Convention
- Federalist; Ratification to the Virginia convention |
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Term
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Definition
- For states' equal representation
- Legislative divided into two houses |
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Term
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Definition
- Address problems of factions
- Large republic is good=More interests and more citizens per representatives |
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Term
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Definition
- Supported the Constitution and federal system
- Power divided between central government and state governments
- Regulate trade |
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Term
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Definition
- Opposed Constitution, but not against federalism
- Agreed on national government but didn't want national or state government to be supreme
- Constitution should have a bill of rights for natural rights and basic individual rights |
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