Term
| 1. What structures are included in the urinary system? |
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Definition
| Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
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Term
| 2. What does the urinary system control to help maintain homeostasis in the body? |
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Definition
| The composition, volume, pressure , and pH of the blood |
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Term
| 3. What vertebral level are the kidneys located at? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4. Which kidney lies slightly lower and why? |
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Definition
| The right kidney because of the liver |
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Term
| 5. What is the area where ureters, nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels enter and exit the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| 6. What is the most superficial layer of the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| 7. What is the deeper part of the kidney made up of all the renal pyramids? |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. What is the pointed end on each renal pyramid called? |
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Definition
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Term
| 9. The renal papilla will release the filtrate into what structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. In what structure does the filtrate become urine? |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. The minor calyces drain urine into what structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. The major calyces drain urine into what structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. The renal pelvis drains urine into what structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| 14. What carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
| 15. What do the renal arteries branch off of? |
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Definition
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Term
| 16. What carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
| 17. What do the renal veins carry blood to? |
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Definition
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Term
| 18. What are the microscopic structures located within the kidney and about how many of them are there? |
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Definition
| Nephrons – over 1 million in each kidney |
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Term
| 19. What do the nephrons return to the blood? |
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Definition
| Needed materials (water and electrolytes) |
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Term
| 20. What are the capillary networks located in the renal corpuscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| 21. What is the enlarged end of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus in the renal corpuscle? |
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Definition
| Glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) |
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Term
| 22. What is the relationship between the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule? |
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Definition
| As blood flows through the glomerulus, filtrate is pushed out into the glomerular capsule |
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Term
| 23. Filtrate flows from the glomerular capsule (renal corpuscle) into what structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. What is the first part of the renal tubule that receives filtrate from Bowman's capsule? |
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Definition
| Proximal (convoluted) tubule |
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Term
| 25. What is the middle part of the renal tubule? |
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Definition
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Term
| 26. What are the two parts to the Loop of Henle? |
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Definition
| Descending limb and ascending limb |
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Term
| 27. What is the last part of the renal tubule that receives filtrate from the Loop of Henle? |
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Definition
| Distal (convoluted) tubule |
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Term
| 28. Where does the distal tubule drain filtrate into? |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. The collecting ducts will unite to form what? |
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Definition
| Papillary ducts - - - renal papilla |
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Term
| 30. What are the 4 different blood vessels associated with the nephron? |
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Definition
| Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, and vasa recta |
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Term
| 31. What structure carries blood into the glomerulus? |
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Definition
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Term
| 32. What structure carries blood out of the glomerulus? |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. What structures surround the proximal and distal tubules? |
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Definition
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Term
| 34. What do peritubular capillaries arise from? |
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Definition
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Term
| 35. What structures surround the Loop of Henle? |
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Definition
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Term
| 36. What gives rise to the vasa recta? |
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Definition
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Term
| 37. What structures transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| 38. Classify the tissue that lines the urinary bladder. |
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Definition
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Term
| 39. What is the function of transitional epithelium? |
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Definition
| To accommodate a change in volume |
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Term
| 40. What two structures are lined with transitional epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| 41. What is the average capacity of the urinary bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| 42. What structure transports urine from the bladder to the outside (preferably toilet)? |
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Definition
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Term
| 43. Classify the tissue that lines the urethra. |
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Definition
| Stratified or pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
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Term
| 44. We know what the average capacity of the bladder is, but when there is about 200-400 ml of urine in there – what sends action potentials to the brain letting you know that your bladder is getting full? |
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Definition
| Stretch receptors in the wall of the bladder |
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Term
| 45. When your brain gets the signal that the bladder is full, what muscle is told to contract? |
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Definition
| Detrusor muscle (smooth muscle) |
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Term
| 46. When your brain gets the signal that the bladder is full, what muscle is told to relax? |
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Definition
| Internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle) |
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Term
| 47. Do you have any voluntary control over the detrusor muscle or internal urethral sphincter? |
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Definition
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Term
| 48. So, if the muscles needed to expel urine are involuntary – why is Walter able to not pee his pants? |
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Definition
| Because of the external urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle) |
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Term
| 49. Is the external urethral sphincter a voluntary muscle? |
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Definition
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