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| The apex of the renal pyramid is called the |
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Definition
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The major calyces of the kidney converge to form an enlarged channel called the |
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| Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney is the |
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Definition
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| The basic histological and functional unit of the kidney is the |
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Given these parts of a nephron:
1. renal corpuscle
2. collecting duct
3. loop of Henle
4. distal tubule
5. proximal tubule
Arrange the parts in order as fluid flows from the filtration membrane through the nephron. |
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| The tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the |
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Definition
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| The juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed where the __________ projects between the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole next to Bowman's capsule. |
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Definition
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Term
Collectively, the capillary epithelium, basement membrane, and podocytes form the |
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Definition
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Term
The part of a nephron between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle is the |
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Definition
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Term
| The __________ are specialized portions of the peritubular capillaries that extend deep into the medulla of the kidney. |
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Definition
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Term
Given these vessels:
1. arcuate vein
2. afferent arteriole
3. efferent arteriole
4. interlobular vein
5. peritubular capillaries
Arrange the vessels in the order in which a drop of blood from the interlobular artery passes through them. |
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Definition
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| The triangular area of the urinary bladder between the two ureters posteriorly and the urethra anteriorly is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor is the |
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Definition
| external urinary sphincter. |
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Term
| Active transport of substances from the blood into the nephron is called |
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Definition
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Term
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The movement of substances from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The part of the total cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is called the |
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Definition
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Term
| The part of the plasma volume that passes through the filtration membrane is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of these substances normally cannot pass through the filtration membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the filtrate that enters the nephron, about what percent is reabsorbed during urine formation? |
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Definition
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Term
| A decrease in plasma proteins results in |
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Definition
| decreased colloid osmotic pressure |
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Term
As filtrate moves through the thin segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle, water moves __________ the nephron, and solutes move __________ the nephron. |
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Definition
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| During tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron, most solutes are moved across the apical membrane by __________ , and across the basal membrane by __________ . |
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Definition
| cotransport, facilitated diffusion |
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Term
In kidney nephron epithelial cells, solutes are cotransported with |
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Definition
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Term
| In kidney nephron epithelial cells, __________ are moved by counter transport through the basal membrane in exchange for K+ ions. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is __________ to water. |
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Definition
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Term
| The percentage of filtrate volume reabsorbed in the proximal tubule is |
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Definition
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Term
| These ions are cotransported across the apical membrane in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. |
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Definition
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Term
| The permeability of the distal tubule and the collecting duct is controlled by |
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Definition
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Term
| All of these compounds are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood EXCEPT |
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Definition
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Term
| At which of these locations is the osmolality of the filtrate the highest? |
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Definition
bottom of the loop of Henle |
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Term
| Renal tubules are __________ permeable to urea than they are to water, therefore urea concentration in the tubules __________ . |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of these substances is actively transported into the filtrate in the proximal and distal tubule? |
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Definition
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Term
| The countercurrent multiplier mechanism of the nephron is in the |
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Definition
loop of Henle and vasa recta |
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Term
| Urea diffuses out of the __________ , and into the __________ . |
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Definition
| collecting duct, descending limb of the loop of Henle |
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Term
Juxtaglomerular cells secrete
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Definition
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Term
| Drinking a large amount of beer results in |
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Definition
| decreased urine osmolality,increased urine volume |
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Term
| Which of these conditions increases the amount of urine produced? |
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Definition
increased atrial natriuretic hormone secretion |
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Term
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Definition
increased ADH secretion,
increased peripheral resistance |
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Term
| When the tubular load of a substance exceeds the tubular maximum, that substance will |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| can be stimulated or inhibited by higher centers in the brain, |
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is stimulated by increased pressure in the bladder, |
can be stimulated by irritation of the bladder or urethra |
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