Term
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Definition
rate at which a particular substance is cleared from blood
knowing RC can determine drug dosage |
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Term
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Definition
P=concentration of substance in blood (plasma)
U=conc. of substance in urine
V=urine flow rate (rate at which urine is created) |
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Term
| total time to clear susbstance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
(NH4+) in blood=10 mg/ml (P)
ammonia in urine =2 mg/ml (U)
flow rate = 0.1 ml/min (V)
RC=2(.1)/10=0.02 mg/ml/min
total time=10/0.02=5000 min |
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Term
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Definition
| execrete metabolic wastes especially 3 nitrogen containing compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| most abundant, produced during aa breakdown |
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Term
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Definition
| made by skeletal muscles when breaking down creatine phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
small amounts
produced during RNA breakdown |
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Term
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Definition
| determined by secretion and reabsorption of solutes along tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| depends on reabsorption of H2O in which solutes are dissolved |
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Term
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Definition
muscular tubes to bladder; 10-12" long
lined with transitional epithelium and small muscle
mucus from goblet cells line it
peristaltic waves and gravity move urine from renal pelvis to bladder ~1-5/min
no valves or sphincters in ureters |
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Term
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Definition
hollow collapsable organ-stores urine
full~1L
when fills, its compresses openings of ureters (prevent backflow)
2 sphincters (internal and external urethral) to urethra
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Term
| voluntary and involuntary control |
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Definition
| contraction of small muscles expels urine from bladder thru urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| stretches from bladder to exterior of body |
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Term
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Definition
urethra extends to end of penis
7-8"
initial portion surrounded by prostate gland
carries sex cell (sperm) & reproductive secretions form
prostate and other glands
smaller in diameter than females
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Term
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Definition
about 1.5" inches long
transports only urine
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Term
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Definition
of skeletal muscle which gives voluntary control of urination
both sexes |
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Term
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Definition
- 200 ml (urine) in bladder-urge to urinate
- stretch receptors in bladder send mesage to brain-cause involuntary contraction of muscles
- will increase pressure in bladder but need both int. & ext sphincter relaxed
- if ext not relaxed, int wont relax either & bladder gradually relaxes
- more urine builds up & it increases in size. starts the cycle again w/i 1 hour
- if it fills up to 500 ml, pressure forces open internal sphincter
- pressure on ext sphincter-eventually ucontrollable relaxation and urination will occur
- afterwards, 10 ml urine remain
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Term
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Definition
failure of renal clearance
build up of urea in blood
can lead to septic shock |
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Term
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Definition
also failure of renal clearance
buildup or uric acid in blood
uric acid crystallize & deposited into joints |
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Term
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Definition
kidney stones
salts crystallize in urine
impede flow
generate pain as scrape urinary tract durng passag out of body |
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Term
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Definition
no filtration of blood
acute=due to large, sudden loss of blood
chronic=nephrons gradually disintegrate |
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