Term
| juxtaglomerular apparatus |
|
Definition
| This region is made up of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, the afferent and efferent arterioles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These cells of the distal tubule and collecting duct are responsible for secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate to help stabilize the body’s pH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This blood vessel directs blood into the glomerulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are called ___ because of the microvilli in the luminal membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These cells, highly regulated by hormones, help to fine tune the loss of solutes and water in the urine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These specialized cells in the afferent arteriole serve as baroreceptors for blood entering the glomerulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cells of the ___ limb of the loop of Henle are highly permeable to water, but not to solutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The glomerulus is made up of ___ capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cells of the thick region of the __ limb of the loop of Henle are highly permeable to NaCl, but not to wate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Filtration slits in the outermost layer of the filtration membrane are formed by the ____ of the podocytes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These cells serve as osmoreceptors in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Of the afferent and efferent arterioles, this one is smaller. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Release of aldosterone and ADH are decreased when a person is ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This steroid hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex, leads to increased sodium reabsorption (retention) and potassium secretion (loss in the urine). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This peptide hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, leads to increased water reabsorption by the insertion of water channels or aquaporins in the cell membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal blood has an osmolarity of __ mOsm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal urine has an osmolarity of __ mOsm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| With dehydration, urine osmolarity ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As you might expect, sympathetic stimulation to the afferent arteriole will cause the vessel to ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fine-tuning of the content of the filtrate is achieved by this movement of specific solutes from the peritubular capillaries into the nephron tubule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Along with large proteins, these are prevented from passing through the glomerular filter, and therefore remain in the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One would expect to see a ___ in GFR if a person were dehydrated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This specific pressure, measuring around 15 mmHg, reduces the movement of fluid from the glomerular capillaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Damage to the glomerular filter may result in the presence of blood cells in the filtrate, a condition called: |
|
|
Term
| glomerular filtration rate |
|
Definition
| The total amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The solution formed during filtration is called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The glomerular filter prevents substances from passing through based on size and ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This resistive pressure, measuring about 28 mmHg works to keep fluid in the glomerular capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substances moving out of the filtrate in the nephron tubule and back into the blood in the peritubular capillaries is called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Creatinine, urea and uric acid make up this component of the filtrate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This specific pressure, measuring about 60 mmHg, pushes fluid out of the glomerular capillaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The concentration of solutes in the filtrate reflects the concentration of those solutes in the blood’s __. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When blood pressure decreases during relaxation, the afferent arteriole will ___ in order to maintain a normal GFR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This signal molecule, whose production is stimulated by renin, causes (a) vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole, (b) increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure and (c) increased GFR. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid and solutes flow from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule during this renal process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Co-transporters that move sodium, potassium and 2 chloride ions together are found on the __ membrane of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cells that make up the walls of the tubule have a membrane that faces the inside or lumen of the tubule and the other, which is in contact with the interstitial fluid. This outer membrane is called the ___ membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water is reabsorbed by following the ___ gradient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyperglycemia indicates that the amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the ___ of the transporters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reclaiming of valued substances from the filtrate, and moving them back into the blood is called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What drives the movement of sodium from the tubule into the PCT cells? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This ion leaves the ascending limb of the loop and enters the interstitial fluid by following sodium ions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As the filtrate moves from the top to the bottom of the descending limb of the loop of Henle, the osmolarity ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Co-transport of sodium with glucose and with hydrogen is seen on this membrane of the PCT. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As the filtrate moves from the bottom to the top of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, the osmolarity ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), sodium-potassium pumps are found on the ___ membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transport that takes place in the __ limb of the loop of Henle drives the process studied in the countercurrent multiplier system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most substances are moved through the ___ pathway during reabsorption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of __ ions drives the movement of water out of the tubule during reabsorption |
|
|
