Term
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Definition
A large amount of fluid is pumped into the abdominal cavity. The wastes that are in the peritoneal blood vessels pass out of the bloodstream into the fluid. The fluid (which now contain the wastes) is removed. |
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Term
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Definition
-This condition is caused by a lack of antidiuretic hormone, which keeps the water from being reabsorbed through the kidney tubules. |
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Term
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Definition
A kidney machine filters the wastes from the patient's blood. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
URINATION; URINE CONDITION |
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Term
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Definition
A swollen area within body tissue, containing an accumulation of pus. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
BLOOD ENTERS THE GLUMERULI |
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Term
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Definition
ALBUMIN (A PROTEIN IN THE BLOOD) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE URINARY BLADDER |
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Term
BLOOD UREA NITROGEN (BUN) |
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Definition
MEASUREMENT OF UREA LEVELS IN BLOOD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
MEASUREMENT OF THE RATE AT WHICH CREATININE IS CLEARED FROM THE BLOOD BY THE KIDNEY |
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Term
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Definition
X-RAY IMAGES SHOW MULTIPLE CROSS-SECTIONAL AND OTHER VIEWS OF ORGANS AND TISSUES |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE IS NOT SECRETED ADEQUATELY, OR THE KIDNEY IS RESISTANT TO ITS EFFECT |
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Term
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Definition
INSULIN IS NOT SECRETED ADEQUATELY OR NOT USED PROPERLY IN THE BODY |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
(chiefly of drugs) Causing increased passing of urine. |
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Term
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Definition
Painful or difficult urination. |
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Term
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Definition
BLOOD EXITS THE GLUMERULI |
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Term
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Definition
CHEMICAL ELEMENT THAT CARRIES AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE WHEN DISOLVED IN WATER; NECESSARY FOR FUNCTIONING OF MUSCLES + NERVES; POTASSIUM (K+) + SODIUM (NA+) ARE ELECTROLYTES |
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Term
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Definition
1) A liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis, e.g., that present in a battery. 2) The ionized or ionizable constituents of a living cell, blood, or other organic matter. |
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Term
EXTERNAL OPENING OF URETHRA (WHERE YOU PEE OUT OF) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
IN KIDNEY, BLOOD PRESSURE FORCES MARTERIALS THRU FILTER (GLOMERULUS) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
GLOMERULI (PLURAL); GLOMERULUS (SINGULAR) |
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Definition
MASS OF VERY TINY, COILED, AND INTERTWINED SMALLER BLOOD VESSELS (ARTERIOLES); KIDNEYS CONTAIN ABOUT 1 MILLION OF THESE COLLECTIONS OF TINY CAPILLARIES THAT ARE FORMED IN THE SHAPE OF A BALL |
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Term
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Definition
INFLAMMATION OF THE GLOMERULI WITHIN THE KIDNEY |
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Term
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Definition
SUGAR IN URINE; INDICATES DIABETES MELLITUS |
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Term
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Definition
DEPRESSION WHERE BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES ENTER THE KIDNEY |
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Term
HOW DO KIDNEYS PRODUCE URINE? |
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Definition
BLOOD PASSES THRU GLOMERULI, THIN WALLS OF EACH GLOMERULUS (THE FILTER) PERMIT WATER, SALTS, SUGAR, AND UREA TO LEAVE BLOOD STREAM. THESE MATERIALS COLLECT IN GLOMERULAR (BOWMAN) CAPSULE WHICH SURROUNDS EACH GLOMERULUS- WALLS OF GLUMERULI PREVENT LARGE SUBSATNCES (PROTEIN, BLOOD CELLS) FROM FILTERING INTO CAPSULE, THEY REMAIN IN BLOOD + DON'T APPEAR IN URINE |
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Term
HOW DOES BLOOD ENTER KIDNEYS? |
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Definition
BY WAY OF THE RIGHT AND LEFT RENAL ARTERIES THAT ENTER INTO THE KIDNEY THRU THE HILUM, IT BRANCHES INTO SMALLER AND SMALLER ARTERIES |
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Term
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Definition
THE BODY CELL THAT BREAKS DOWN AMINO ACIDS OR PROTEIN GIVES OFF AMMONIA; AMMONIA TRAVELS TO LIVER AND UREA IS FORMED; UREA TRAVELS FROM LIVER TO KIDNEYS WHERE IT JOINS W/ SALT ETC + LEAVES BODY AS URINE |
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Term
ILLEOSTOMY (ILEAL CONDUIT) |
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Definition
AFTER CYSTECTOMY; ARTIFICIAL OPENING TO CARRY URINE FROM URETERS TO OUTSIDE OF BODY, BYPASSING BLADDER |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
KETONE BODIES (KETOACIDS AND ACETONE) |
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Term
KIDNEY (LOCATION + FUNCTION) |
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Definition
BEHIND ABDOMINAL CAVITY (RETROPERITONEAL) ON EITHER SIDE OF THE SPINE IN THE LUMBAR REGION, PRODUCE URINE- SECRETE A ACTIVE FORM OF VIT D |
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Term
KIDNEYS MAINTAINS BALANCE OF WHAT? |
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Definition
MAINTAIN PROPER BALANCE OF WATER, ELECTROLYTES, AND ACIDS IN BODY FLUIDS |
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Term
KIDNEYS, URETERS, AND BLADDER (KUB) |
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Definition
X-RAY EXAMINATION (WITHOUT CONTRAST) OF THE KIDNEYS, URETERS, AND BLADDER |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
PERTAINING TO THE MEDULLA |
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Term
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Definition
PEEING, VOIDING, PROCESS OF EXPELLING URINE |
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Term
NAME THE ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM |
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Definition
KIDNEY, URETER, URINARY BLADDER, URETHRA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
KIDNEY STONES (RENAL CALCULI) |
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Term
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (NEPHROSIS) |
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Definition
GROUP OF CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE PROTEIN LOSS IN URINE |
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Term
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Definition
SCANTY (SMALL OR INSUFFICIENT IN QUANTITY OR AMOUNT) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
PKU (PHENYLKETONURIA) test (DONE DURING URINALYSIS) |
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Definition
A PKU test is done at birth to test for the presence of phenylalanine in the blood. Phenylalanine is an amino acid. Too much of this in the blood is associated with mental disease. The disease of phenylketonuria is present when an infant is born without an enzyme that changes one amino acid (phenylalanine) into another amino acid (tyrosine). If too much phenylalanine is present at birth, the infant is given a low protein diet that excludes phenylalanine and prevents this from accumulating. This diet may be followed into adulthood. The procedure is simple for testing and for correcting, so it is done on all births. |
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Term
POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE (PKD) |
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Definition
MULTIPLE FLUID-FILLED SACS WITHIN AND ON THE KIDNEY |
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Term
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Definition
ELECTROLYTE; CONCENTRATION REGULATED BY KIDNEY; ESSENTIAL FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS AND CONDUCTION OF NERVE IMULSES |
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Term
PROPER TERMS FOR EXPELLING URINE |
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Definition
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Term
PROTEIN WASTE PRODUCTS (NITROGENOUS WASTE) |
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Definition
UREA, CREATINE, URIC ACID (RELEASED INTO BLOOD STREAM) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
INFLAMMATION OF THE LINING OF THE RENAL PELVIS AND RENAL PARENCHYMA |
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Term
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Definition
The presence of pus in the urine, typically from bacterial infection. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
X-RAY EXAMINATION (WITH CONTRAST)OF THE BLOOD VESSELS OF THE KIDNEY |
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Term
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (HYPERNEPHROMA) |
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Definition
CANCEROUS TUMOR OF THE KIDNEY IN ADULTHOOD |
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Term
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Definition
KIDNEY DECREASES EXCRETION OF WASTES AS A RESULT OF IMPAIRED FILTRATION FUNCTION |
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Term
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Definition
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE RESULTING FROM KIDNEY DISEASE |
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Term
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Definition
RENAL TUBULES LEAD HERE, IT'S A SMALL BASIN-LIKE AREA IN MIDDLE OF KIDNEY, IT NARROWS INTO URETERS WHICH LEAD INTO BLADDER |
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Term
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Definition
PRODUCED BY KIDNEYS TO RAISE BLOOD PRESSURE BY WAY OF CONTRACTING ARTERIOLES - BECAUSE KIDNEYS NEED A SLOW CONSTANT BLOOD FLOW |
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Term
RETROGRADE PYELOGRAM (RP) |
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Definition
X-RAY IMAGING OF THE RENAL PELVIS AND URETERS AFTER INJECTION OF CONTRAST THRU A URINARY CATHETER INTO THE URETERS FROM THE BLADDER |
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Term
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Definition
ELECTROLYTE; CONENTRATION REGULATED BY KIDNEYS; ESSENTIAL FOR TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES, HEART ACTIVITY, AND OTHER METABOLIC FUNCTIONS |
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Term
THREE STEPS TO FORM URINE |
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Definition
1) GLOMERULAR FILTRATION 2)TUBULAR REABSORPTION 3) TUBULAR SECRETION |
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Term
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Definition
TRIGONE (REGION OF THE BLADDER) |
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Term
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Definition
TRIANGULAR REGION AT THE BASE OF THE BLADDER WHERE URETERS ENTER AND URETHRA EXITS BODY |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
MAJOR NITROGENOUS WASTE EXCRETED IN URINE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
URETER(S) (LOCATION + FUNCTION) |
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Definition
MUSCULAR TUBE(S)- ATTACHED TO KIDNEY- CARRY URINE IN WAVES FROM KIDNEYS TO THE BLADDER |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
URETHRA (LOCATION + FUNCTION) |
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Definition
TUBE, CARRIES URINE FROM THE BLADDER TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE BODY, LIES ANTERIOR TO THE VAGINA AND THE VAGINAL MEATUS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
EXAMINATION OF URINE TO DETERMINE PRESENCE OF ABNORMAL ELEMENTS THAT MAY INDICATE VARIOUS PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS |
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Term
URINARY BLADDER (LOCATION + FUNCTION) |
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Definition
HOLLOW, MUSCULAR SAC, LOCATED IN PELVIC REGION, TEMP RESERVOIR FOR URINE |
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Term
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Definition
NITROGENOUS WASTE FORMED BY KIDNEYS, ALSO CONTAINS WATER, SALTS, AND ACIDS |
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Term
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Definition
OPENING OF THE URETHRA TO OUTSIDE OF BODY IN A FEMALE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
WASTE PRODUCT OF PROTEIN COMBINED WITH O2? |
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Definition
NITROGENOUS WASTE. BODY CAN'T REMOVE IN GAS FORM, THEREFORE IT LEAVES BODY AS UREA THRU URINARY SYSTEM |
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Term
WASTE PRODUCT OF SUGAR AND FAT COMBINED WITH O2? |
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Definition
CARBON DIOXIDE - LEAVES BODY THRU LUNGS. ERYTHROCYTES CARRY THE CARBON DIOXIDE TO LUNGS |
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Term
WHAT COLOR IS URINE SUPPOSED TO BE? |
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Definition
NORMAL COLOR IS YELLOW (AMBER) TO STRAW-COLORED- PALE URINE = A LOT OF WATER IN URINE; SMKEY-RED URINE = BLOOD IN URINE; FOODS SUCH AS BEETS AND CERTAIN DRUGS CAN PRODUCE RED COLOR AS WELL |
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Term
WHAT DOES NORMAL URINE LOOK LIKE? |
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Definition
SHOULD BE CLEAR; CLOUDY OR TURBID URINE INDICATES URI W/ PUS (PYRIA) AND BACTERIA (BACTERIURIA) |
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Term
WHAT DOES URINE CONSIST OF? |
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Definition
95% WATER AND 5% UREA, CREATININE, SALTS, ACIDS, AND DRUGS |
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Term
WHAT IS A RENAL TUBULE AND WHAT DOES IT DO? |
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Definition
LONG, TWISTED TUBE ATTACHED TO EACH GLOMERULAR CAPSULE; LET'S WATER, SUGAR, SALT, UREA AND OTHER WASTE PRODUCTS PASS THRU; MAKES SURE THAT MOST OF THE WATER, ALL OF SUGAR AND SOME SALT RETURN TO BLOOD STREAM THRU TINY CAPILLARIES |
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Term
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Definition
PROCESS OF MOVING URINE FROM KIDNEY THRU URETER TO THE BLADDER |
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Term
WHICH SUBSTANCES ARE SECRETED FROM BLOOD STREAM WHEN URINE IS FORMED? |
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Definition
ACIDS, DRUGS (SUCH AS PENICILLIN), AND POTASSIUM (AS A SALT) LEAVE THE BODY IN URINE |
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Term
WHICH TESTS ARE INCLUDED IN URINALYSIS |
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Definition
1) COLOR 2) APPEARANCE 3) PH 4) PROTEIN 5) GLUCOSE 6) SPECIFIC GRAVITY 7) KETONE BODIES 8) SEDIMENT AND CASTS 9) PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU) 10) BILIRUBIN |
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Term
WHY ARE KETONE BODIES CHECKED IN URINALYSIS? |
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Definition
KETONES ARE FORMED WHEN FATTY ACIDS ARE BROKEN DOWN IN LIVER; KETONES ACCUMULATE IN BLOOD AND URINE WHEN BODY BREAKS DOWN FAT, INSTEAD OF SUGAR FOR FUEL; KETONURIA HAPPENS WHEN CELLS DEPRIVED OF SUGAR MUST USE UP THEIR AVAILABLE FAT FOR ENERGY; IN STARVATION WHEN SUGAR IS NOT AVAILABLE, KETONURIA AND KETOSIS OCCUR AS FAT IS CATABOLIZED ABNORMALLY- KETONES IN BLODD IS DANGEROUS BECAUSE IT CAUSES BLOOD TO BECOME ACIDIC WHICH MAY LEAD TO COMA AND DEATH |
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Term
WHY ARE SEDIMENTS AND CASTS CHECKED IN URINALYSIS? |
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Definition
MAY INDICATE A PATHOLOGIC CONDITION; SEDIMENTS (ABNORMAL PARTICLES THAT SETTLE ON BOTTOM OF URINE SAMPLE - MAY INCLUDE CELLS EPITHELIAL CELLS, WHITE OR RED BLOOD CELLS); CASTS (CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES OF PROTEIN OFTEN CONTAINING CELLULAR ELEMENTS); ALSO CHECKS FOR BACTERIA AND CRYSTALS |
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Term
WHY IS BILIRUBIN CHECKED DURING URINALYSIS? |
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Definition
PRESENCE OF THIS MAY INDICATE LIVER OR GALLBLADDER DISEASE; HAPPENS DUE TO HEMOGLOBIN BREAKDOWN; WHEN LIVER HAS PROBLEMS REMOVING BILIRUBIN FROM BLOOD IT TURNS INTO HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA AND BILIRUBINURIA FOLLOWS |
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Term
WHY IS GLUCOSE TESTED IN URINALYSIS? |
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Definition
TO MAKE SURE NO SUGAR IN URINE AS THIS MAY INDICATE EXCESS SUGAR IN BLOOD STREAM DUE TO THE FACT THAT RENAL TUBULES CANNOT PICK UP ALL THE SUGAR THAT FILTERS THRU THE GLOMERULAR MEMBRANE |
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Term
WHY IS PH TESTED DURING URINALYSIS? |
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Definition
IT REVEALS CHEMICAL NATURE OF URINE; NORMAL URINE IS ABOUT 6.5 (SLIGHTLY ACIDIC); PH TESTING CAN DETERMINE IF INFECTION IS PRESENT, BECAUSE BACTERIA IN URINE BREAK DOWN UREA AND RELEASE AMMONIA (A ALKALINE SUBSTANCE) |
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Term
WHY IS PROTEIN CHECKED IN URINALYSIS? |
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Definition
SMALL AMOUNTS OF PROTEIN IN URINE NORMAL, AMOUNTS THAT TRIGGER POSITIVE RESULT MAY INDICATE LEAK IN GLOMERULAR MEMBRANE WHICH THEN WILL LET ALBUMIN INTO RENAL TUBULE AND INTO URINE; MORE SENSITIVE TESTING MAY INDICATE EARLY SIGNS IN RENAL INVOLVEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS |
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Term
WHY IS SPECIFIC GRAVITY CHECKED IN URINALYSIS? |
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Definition
TO CHECK AMOUNTS OF WASTE, MINERALES AND SOLIDS IN URINE; COMPARISON OF URINE TO WATER; URINE OF PT'S WITH DIABETES MELLITUS HAS HIGHER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY DUE TO PRESENCE OF SUGAR |
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Term
WHY IS THE PROCESS OF REABSORPTION OF WATER, SUGAR AND SALT SO IMPORTANT? |
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Definition
SUGAR (GLUCOSE), WATER AND SALT (SODIUM) ARE ESSENTIAL SUBSTANCES |
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Term
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Definition
MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE KIDNEY OCCURRING IN CHILDHOOD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Secreted by the pituitary gland and helps reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Nitrogen (increased amounts of nitrogenous waste) in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
calyx or calix (plural calyces or calices) |
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Definition
cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis IN THE MIDDLE OF KIDNEY |
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Term
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Definition
tube for injecting or removing fluids |
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Term
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Definition
outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
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Term
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Definition
measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood |
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Term
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Definition
Removal of the urinary bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the urinary bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
direct visualization of urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscopy (cystoscope) |
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Term
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Definition
New opening of the bladder to the outside of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
When sugar cannot leave the bloodstream to be used by the cells in the production of energy, then the sugar stays in the bloodstream, goes through the kidneys, and leaves the body in the urine. This condition has been referred to as "sugar in the urine." |
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Term
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Definition
process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood |
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Term
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Definition
Condition of complete (excessive) urination. |
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Term
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Definition
Difficult, painful urination. |
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Term
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Definition
Bedwetting (literally, “in urine”). |
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Term
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Definition
Hormone secreted by the kidney to increase red blood cell formation in the bone marrow. |
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Term
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Definition
Pertaining to the capsule surrounding each glomerulus; Bowman capsule. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
High levels of potassium in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
Low levels of sodium in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules |
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Term
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Definition
Pertaining to within the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
Ketone bodies (acids and acetone) in the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
Abnormal condition of ketones in the blood and body tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
Process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract. |
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Term
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Definition
urinary tract stones are crushed |
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Term
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
changing magnetic field produces images of kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body |
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Term
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Definition
Narrowing of the meatus (opening of the urethra to the outside of the body). |
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Term
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Definition
Abnormal condition of kidney stones. |
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Term
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Definition
Incision to remove a kidney stone. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Downward displacement of a kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
New opening of the kidney to the outside of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Excessive urination at night. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Pertaining to near the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
Condition of increased thirst. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Image of kidney after injecting a radioactive substance (radioisotope) into bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries |
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Term
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Definition
removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination |
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Term
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Definition
Kidney pain resulting from a stone in the ureter or kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
Holding back of blood flow to the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
surgical transfer of kidney from a donor to a recipient |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the trigone (area in the bladder). |
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Term
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Definition
Imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves |
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Term
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Definition
Urea (urine) in the blood; a potentially fatal condition. |
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Term
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Definition
New opening between a ureter and the ileum (for removal of urine after cystectomy). |
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Term
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Definition
Surgical repair of a ureter. |
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Term
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Definition
Narrowing of the urethra. |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the urethra. |
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Term
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Definition
Surgical repair of the urethra. |
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Term
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Definition
passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
Inability to hold urine in the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
Inability to release urine from the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
Backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters. |
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Term
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) |
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Definition
X-ray record (w/ contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained with patient is voiding |
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