Term
| What is the concentration of urine controlled by |
|
Definition
| changes in water reabsorption due to the levels of ADH |
|
|
Term
| How does the presence of ADH affect urine concentration |
|
Definition
| it makes it more concentrated |
|
|
Term
| How does the absence of AHD affect urine concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do diuretics due and what are some examples |
|
Definition
| they increase water loss. examples are alcohol and lasix |
|
|
Term
| How does lasix increase water loss |
|
Definition
| by preventing the reabsorption of chloride, potassium, and sodium ions |
|
|
Term
| What characteristics of urine are tested for in a urinalysis |
|
Definition
| volume,turbidity, odor, pH, color, presence of bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal color of urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should turbidity be present in urine |
|
Definition
| not in fresh urine, may occur in stagnant urine |
|
|
Term
| What is the range of pH for urine and the average pH of urine |
|
Definition
| range is 4.6-8. average is 6 |
|
|
Term
| What tests can evaluate kidney function |
|
Definition
| urinalysis, blood tests, and renal plasma clearance |
|
|
Term
| What blood tests can be used to evaluate kidney function |
|
Definition
| blood urea nitrogen test and plasma creatinine test |
|
|
Term
| what is renal plasma clearance |
|
Definition
| the amount of a substance that is cleared from the plasma |
|
|
Term
| what does high renal plasma clearance indicate |
|
Definition
| that a substance is readily excreted from the body |
|
|
Term
| What does low renal plasma clearance indicate |
|
Definition
| that the substance is reabsorbed by the kidneys and not readily excreted |
|
|
Term
| What moves the urine in the ureters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much urine can the bladder store |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the urge to urinate appear |
|
Definition
| when there is about 200 ml of urine in the bladder |
|
|
Term
| What is the receptor in the micturition reflex |
|
Definition
| stretch receptors in the walls of the urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
| what is the control center of the micturition reflex |
|
Definition
| the micturition center in the spinal column and the cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| What is the effector in the micturition reflex |
|
Definition
| the detrusor muscle which contracts and increases pressure in the urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
| When does urine enter the urethra |
|
Definition
| when both the external and internal urethral sphincters are relaxed |
|
|
Term
| What causes the external urethral sphincter to relax |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the internal sphincter relax |
|
Definition
| it automatically relaxes once the external urethral sphincter relaxes |
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