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Urinary System
MEDTERM
148
Medical
Undergraduate 2
03/01/2012

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Cards

Term
cyst/o
Definition
bladder
Term
cyst/o/scopy
Definition
visual examination of the urinary tract using a cystoscope inserted through the urethra
Term
vesic/o
Definition
bladder
Term
vesic/o/cele
Definition
hernial protrusion of urinary bladder; cystocele
Term
glomerul/o; glomerul/ar
Definition
glomerulus, cluster of capillaries forming the nephron
Term
meat/o
Definition
opening, meatus
Term
meat/us
Definition
opening or tunnel through any part of the body, such as the external opening of the urethra
Term
nephr/o
Definition
kidney
Term
nephr/oma
Definition
tumor of the kidney
Term
ren/o; ren/al
Definition
pertaining to the kidney
Term
pyel/o
Definition
renal pelvis
Term
pyel/o/plasty
Definition
surgical repair of renal pelvis
Term
ur/o
Definition
urine, urinary tract
Term
ur/emia
Definition
excessive urea and other nitrogenous waste products in blood (azotemia)
Term
urin/o, urin/ary
Definition
pertains to urine or formation of urine
Term
ureter/o
Definition
uretero
Term
ureter/o/senosis
Definition
narrowing or stricture of a ureter
Term
urethr/o
Definition
urethra
Term
urethr/o/cele
Definition
hernial protrusion of the urethra
Term
-emia
Definition
blood condition
Term
azot/emia
Definition
excessive nitrogenous compounds in the blood
Term
azot
Definition
nitrogenous compounds
Term
-iasis
Definition
abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
Term
lith/iasis
Definition
abnormal condition of stones or calculi
Term
-lysis
Definition
separation; destruction; loosening
Term
dia/lysis
Definition
process of removing toxic wastes from blood when kidneys are unable to do so
Term
-pathy
Definition
disease
Term
nephr/o/pathy
Definition
disease of the kidneys
Term
-pexy
Definition
fixation (of an organ)
Term
nephr/o/pexy
Definition
surgical procedure used to affix a displaced kidney
Term
-ptosis
Definition
prolapse, downward displacement
Term
nephr/o/ptosis
Definition
downward displacement or dropping of a kidney
Term
-tripsy
Definition
crushing
Term
lith/o/tripsy
Definition
crushing of a stone
Term
-uria
Definition
urine
Term
poly/uria
Definition
excessive urination
Term
nephr/ectomy
Definition
excision of kidney
Term
nephr/o/megaly
Definition
enlargement of kidney
Term
nephr/o/lith/iasis
Definition
abnormal  conditio of kidney stones
Term
nephr/algia
Definition
pain in the kidney
Term
nephr/itis
Definition
inflammation of the kidney
Term
glomerul/o/nephr/itis
Definition
inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney
Term
protein/uria
Definition
chronic loss of protein in urine
Term
edema
Definition
swelling
Term
diuretic
Definition
agents or drugs prescribed to control edema and also stimulate the flow of urine
Term
supra/ren/al
Definition
above the kidney
Term
nephr/o/sclerosis
Definition
abnormal condition of kidney hardening
Term
nephr/o/lith/o/tomy
Definition
incision to remove a kidney stone
Term
nephr/o/ptosis
Definition
prolapsed kidney
Term
nephr/o/pexy
Definition
fixation of the kidney
Term
ureter/o/megaly
Definition
enlargement of the ureter
Term
ureter/ectasis
Definition
enlargement/dialation of the ureter
Term
calculi
Definition
multiple stones/calculus
Term
ureter/o/lith
Definition
stone or calculus in the ureter
Term
ureter/o/lith/iasis
Definition
abnormal condition or a ureter stone
Term
ureter/o/lith/o/tomy
Definition
incision of a ureter to remove a stone
Term
cyst/o/lith/iasis
Definition
abnormal condition of a bladder stone
Term
cyst/o/lith/o/tomy
Definition
incision of the bladder to remove a stone
Term
ureter/o/cyst/o/scope
Definition
instrument to view the ureter and bladder
Term
ureter/o/cyst/o/scopy
Definition
visual examination of the ureter and bladder
Term
ureter/o/rrhaphy
Definition
suture of the ureter
Term
cyst/o/rrhaphy
Definition
suture of the bladder
Term
vesic/o/enter/ic
Definition
pertaining to the bladder and intestine
Term
cyst/o/cele
Definition
herniation of the bladder
Term
rect/o/cele
Definition
herniation of rectum into vagina
Term
cyst/o/scope; cyst/o/scopy
Definition
instrument for examining the bladder
Term
radi/o/graphy
Definition
xray recording
Term
urethr/itis
Definition
inflammation of the urethra
Term
urethr/o/pexy
Definition
surgical fixation of the urethra
Term
urethr/o/plasty
Definition
surgical repair of the urethra
Term
lumen
Definition
tubular space within a structure
Term
urethr/o/cyst/itis
Definition
inflammation of urethra and bladder
Term
urethr/o/scope
Definition
instrument for visual examination of the urethra
Term
malignant
Definition
cancerous
Term
benign
Definition
noncancerous
Term
aden/o/dynia
Definition
pain in a gland
Term
aden/oma
Definition
benign glandular tumor
Term
aden/o/carcin/oma
Definition
malignant glandular tumor
Term
aden/o/pathy
Definition
disease of a gland
Term
UTI
Definition
urinary tract infection
Term
nephrons
Definition
complex structures designed to efficiently filter waste materials from blood
Term
pyel/itis
Definition
inflammation of the renal pelvis
Term
pyel/o/pathy
Definition
disease of the renal pelvis
Term
pyel/o/tomy
Definition
incision of the renal pelvis
Term
pyel/o/stomy
Definition
forming an opening into the renal pelvis
Term
hyper/tension
Definition
high blood pressure
Term
olig/uria
Definition
diminished capacity to pass urine
Term
edema
Definition
swelling
Term
glomerul/o/nephr/itis
Definition
inflammation of the gomerulus
Term
glomerul/itis
Definition
inflammation of a glomerulus
Term
glomerul/o/pathy
Definition
disease of a glomerulus
Term
glomerul/o/scler/osis
Definition
abnormal condition of glomerulus hardening
Term
KUB
Definition
radiographic examination of the kindey ureter bladder
Term
IVP
Definition
radiograph involving IV injection of a contrast dye 
Term
intra/ven/ous
Definition
within a vein
Term
pyel/o/gram
Definition
record (x-ray) of renal pelvis
Term
intra/ven/ous pyel/o/graphy (IVP)
Definition
pyelography in which a contrast medium is injected within a vein
Term
retro/grade pyel/o/graphy (RP)
Definition
pyel/o/graphy in which a contrast medium is injected into the urethra 
Term
ureter/o/pyel/o/plasty
Definition
surgical repair of the ureter and renal pelvis
Term
nephr/o/scope
Definition
instrument for examining the kidney
Term
pyel/o/nephr/itis
Definition
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney
Term
enter/o/cele
Definition
herniation of the intestine
Term
leuk/o/rrhea
Definition
white discharge
Term
Erythr/uria
Definition
red urine
Term
ur/o/toxin
Definition
poisonous substance in the urine
Term
poison
Definition
causes toxic substances
Term
ur/o/logy
Definition
study of the urinary tract
Term
ur/o/logist
Definition
specialist in the study of the urinary tract
Term
olig/uria
Definition
scanty urine
Term
py/uria
Definition
pus in the urine
Term
hemat/uria
Definition
blood in the urine
Term
hydr/o/nephr/osis
Definition
when calculi obstruction causes cessation of urine flow
Term
an/uria
Definition
without urine
Term
poly/cyst/ic
Definition
pertaining to many cysts
Term
ur/emia
Definition
increase concentration of urea in blood
Term
azot/uria
Definition
nitrogenous waste in blood
Term
noct/uria
Definition
urination at night
Term
in/continence
Definition
uncontrolled loss of urine
Term
nephr/o/logist
Definition
specialist in kidneys
Term
dys/uria
Definition
painful urination
Term
bacteri/uria
Definition
bacteria in urine
Term
ARF
Definition
acute renal failure
Term
lith/ectomy
Definition
excision of stone
Term
lith/o/tripsy
Definition
crushing a stone
Term
nephro/lith/iasis
Definition
abnormal condition of kidney stones
Term
US
Definition
Ultra sound
Term
ESWL
Definition
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
Term
diuresis
Definition
increased formation and secretion of urine
Term
ESRD End stage renal disease
Definition
kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter the blood, and ultimately requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival
Term
enuresis
Definition
involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established
Term
hypospadias
Definition
abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
Term
interstitial nephritis
Definition
condition associated with pathological changes in the renal intersititial tissue that may be primary or due to a toxic agen, such as drug or chemical, which results in destrcution of nephrons and severe impariment in renal function 
Term
renal hypertension
Definition
high blood pressure that results from kidney disease
Term
Wilms tumor
Definition
malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children before age 5
Term
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Definition
laboratory test that measures the amount of urea in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys' ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine
Term
renal scan
Definition
nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measuremnet of a radioactive substance that is injected intravenously and concentrates the kidneys
Term
urinalysis
Definition
physical, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of urine
Term
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
Definition
radiography of the bladder and urethra after filling the bladder with a contrast medium and druing the process of voiding urine
Term
catheterization
Definition
insertion of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid, most commonly throught the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine
Term
dialysis
Definition
mechanical filtering process used to cleanse blood of high concentrations of metabolic waste products, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly
Term
hemodialysis
Definition
process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood by continually shunting (diverting) the patients blood fromt eh body into a dialysis machine for filtering, and then returning the clena blood to the patients body via tubes connected to the circulatory system 
Term
peritoneal dialysis
Definition
dialysis in wihch the pateint's own peritoneum is used as the dialyzaing membrane
Term
renal transplantation
Definition
organ trnalsplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease
Term
renal cortex
Definition
outer layer of the kidney
Term
renal medulla
Definition
inner layer of the kidney
Term
Bowman Capsule
Definition
surrounds and encloses the glomerulus
Term
collecting tubule
Definition
conveys newly formed urine to the renal pelvis where it is excreted by the kidneys
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