The major function of the kidneys is

A) Regulation of sodium chloride

B) Balance of body pH

C) Hormone secretion

D) All of the above

The functioning unit of the kidney is the ___

- frequency

- nocturia

- stress incontinence

What condition is indicated by the following urinalysis results:

- volume: 100cc

- color: amber

- pH: 6.4

- spec. gravity: 1.035

- blood: none seen

- bacteria: none seen

- albumin: none seen

To assist the elderly client to compensate for the age-related changes occurring in the urinary system, you suggest which of the following interventions?

A) Maintain a maximum fluid intake of 1,000 mL/day

B) Encourage the use of alcohol and caffeinated beverages at bedtime to enhance sleep

C) Teach the client to wipe from back to front after every urination

D) Teach the client to perform pelvic exercises

In clients with renal failure, the kidneys are not functioning as well.  Therefore, these people will be at risk for which of the following disorders?

A) Anemia

B) Bone demineralization

C) High blood pressure

D) All of the above

Which of the following hormones is not responsible for sodium and water regulation in the body?

A) Atrial natriuretic peptide

B) Aldosterone

C) ADH

D) Angiotensin II

D) Angiotensin II

A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic nephropathy.  Which should the nurse assess for in the client's kidneys as a result of his condition?

A) Increased incidence of urinary incontinence

B) Concentrated urine

C) Low blood pressure

D) Urinary retention

A client with a history of nocturia is confined to bed.  What should be the nursing intervention?

A) Fluid restriction during the day

B) Restrict cranberry juice

C) Incontinence pads

D) Offer bedpan frequently

Which is an effect of aging on the urinary system?

A) Reduction in filtering ability of kidney

B) Reduction in nephron count

C) Alterations in the basement membrane

D) Decrease in blood urea nitrogen levels

What is the role of renin?

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A) Secrete aldosterone

B) Promote water retention

C) Regulate blood pressure

D) Produce erythropoietin

Which effect could lead to stress incontinence?

A) Reduced bladder capacity

B) Decreased urine formation

C) Reduced renal blood flow

D) Loss of muscle tone

Which is a common site for herniation in men?

A) Inguinal canal

B) Prostate gland

C) Cowper's glands

D) Scrotum

Prostatic hypertrophy may cause

A) Difficulty with urination

B) Retention of urine

C) Inability to have an erection

D) All of the above

Which is correct?

A) One kidney

B) One ureter

C) Two urinary bladders

D) One urethra

The renal capsule

A) lines the tubules

B) lines the urinary bladder

C) surrounds the kidneys

D) outlines the trigone

Which blood vessels are primarily concerned with reabsorption?

A) renal artery

B) glomeruli

C) renal vein

D) peritubular capillaries

Which of the following is not "plumbing"?

A) glomeruli

B) ureters

C) urinary bladder

D) urethra

The word voiding refers to

A) urine formation

B) catheterization

C) micturation

D) cytisis

Which of the following words best describes the function of the urinary bladder?

A) filtration

B) storage

C) reabsorption

D) neutralization of hydrogen

The detrusor muscle is concerned with

A) urine formation

B) micturition

C) sodium reabsorption

D) potassium excretion

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A) causes polyuria

B) causes albuminuria

C) elevates blood pressure

D) causes hematuria

Aldosterone

A) depletes blood volume

B) causes potassium rebsorption

C) causes sodium excretion

D) causes Na⁺ reabsorption

The juxtagolmerular apparatus is located near the

A) collecting duct

B) afferent arteriole

C) ureter

D) renal pelvis

Which of the following is not located within the urinary bladder?

A) trigone

B) detrusor muscle

C) internal sphincter

D) calyces

Which of the following should not be in the filtrate within Bowman's capsule?

A) albumin

B) sodium

C) potassium

D) water

Which of the following is most apt to cause polyuria

A) oversecretion of aldosterone

B) oversecretion of antidiuretic hormone

C) deficiency of ADH

D) activation of angiotensinogen

Which of the following is not true of ADH?

A) secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

B) secreted in response to low blood volume and a concentrated plasma (as in dehydration)

C) causes the renal excretion of sodium, potassium, and water

D) a deficiency causes diabetes insipidus

Which of the following is absorbed across the walls of the collecting duct under the influence of ADH?

A) potassium

B) urea

C) water

D) albumin

Pyuria is indicative of

A) infection

B) glomerular damage

C) deficiency of ADH

D) excess of aldosterone

Which of the following is found in the kidney?

A) detrusor muscle

B) trigone

C) nephron units

D) urethra

Which of the following is true of creatinine?

A) it is completely reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries

B) it is a waste product that is filtered and not reabsorbed

C) it is a renal enzyme that activates angiotensinogen

D) it is a renal hormone that stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow

Which of the following is an effect of a diuretic?

A) it causes the excretion of sodium in the urine

B) it causes hyperglycemia

C) it blocks the effects of PTH

D) it stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the peritubular capillaries

Which of the following occurs at the distal convoluted tubule?

A) 180 L of water is filtered into the tubules

B) renin is secreted

C) urine flows from the distal convoluted tubule into the ascending loop of Henle

D) sodium and water are reabsorbed

Which term refers to the voluntary expulsion of urine?

A) polyuria

B) diuresis

C) micturition

D) dialysis

Which statement is true about ADH?

A) ADH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

B) ADH is a mineralcorticoid that is secreted by the adrenal cortex

C) ADH stimulates the collecting duct to reabsorb water

D) an absence of ADH is called diabetes mellitus

Under normal conditions, this substance is present in the urine

A) creatinine

B) fibrinogen

C) myosin

D) albumin

Which condition is associated with proteinuria?

A) bladder infection

B) urethritis

C) glomerular disease

D) deficiency of ADH

Which hormone affects blood volume?

A) PTH

B) erythropoietin

C) insulin

D) aldosterone

Which of the following is true of aldosterone?

A) secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

B) acts on the collecting duct blocking the reabsorption of water

C) stimulates the reabsorption of water, but has no effect on potassium

D) a mineralocorticoid that stimulates reabsorption of sodium

Which of the following is caused by prolonged hypotension?

A) oliguria

B) albuminuria

C) cystitis

D) glomerulonephritis

Which condition is characterized by hematuria and pyuria?

A) renal failure

B) diuresis

C) retention

D) cycstitis

Which is a possible complication from mumps?

A) Seminal vesicles stop production of semen

B) Prostate gland atrophies completely

C) Orchitis (inflammation of testes) may occur

D) Temperature of scrotum increases drastically