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Urbanization
Test Study Guide
31
Other
9th Grade
03/13/2009

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Term
Location Theory
Definition
semi-explains the locational pattern of an economic activity in terms of the factors that influence this pattern.
Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
The advancement in technology. What shited countries from the first to the second stage of the Demographic Transition Module. One of the famous inventions in this era was the steam-driven engine. Diffused Eastward from the United Kingdom in about five big waves every decade
Term
Secondary Industries
Definition
Industries that are not dependent on the location of raw materials. The materials can be transported to the manufacturing plant no matter the location as lon as the resulting product out-profits the raw materials.
Term
Variable Cost
Definition
necessary costs for your company. Examples are energy supply, transport expenses, labor costs, and other needs.
Term
Friction of Distance
Definition
The farther away something is the more money and time that is spent.
Term
Distance Decay
Definition
The further away something is the less used the function is. Coralates with Friction of Distance
Term
Least Cost Theory
Definition
Transportation, Labor and Agglomeration are all factors used by business people that are manipulated to pay less and earn more.
Term
Agglomeration
Definition
When enterprises are clustered in the same area. They provide services for each other ex.: Office needs furniture and theres a furniture store down the street. This may overcome some increase in transport and labor costs.
Term
Substitution Principle
Definition
The substitution of one product to another that is more efficient and beneficial but it still retains the same function.
Term
Infrastructure
Definition
Everything necessary and needed to develope anything. Importand in Industrial locations. Examples are airports, electrical wiring, roads, railways, banks, postal offices, gorcery stores, hotels, docks, taxis, water supplies etc.
Term
Growth Pole
Definition
Industries designed to stimulate growth through the establishment of various supporting industries. they have attracted people and money to a particular region.
Term
Primary Industrial Regions
Definition
1. Western and Central Europe
2. Eastern North America
4. Russia and Ukraine
each consists of one or more core areas of idustrial development.
Term
Comparative Advantage
Definition
An avantage that one country has over another. Something that the other country doesn't have that makes the 'blessed' country more superior.
Term
Break-of-Bulk
Definition
Transport of cargo from one form of transportation to another. This stimulates economic activity and wealth.
Term
Special Economic Zones
Definition
Zones or sites desginated for foreign investment and business.
Term
Secondary Industrial Region
Definition
about 8 in India including New Delhi, Indore,, and Nagpur areas.
Term
Maquiladora
Definition
Where manufactured products could be sent to the United States free of import tariffs. This led many U.S. companies to establish plants in Mexico that were designed to transform imported raw materials into finished industrial products.
Term
NAFTA
Definition
North American Free Trade Agreement. promotes further industrialization. Facilitated the movement of tertiary-sector industries from the United States to Mexico, including data processing operations.
Term
GNP
Definition
Gross National Product. The total cost of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a given year. Everything is accounted for even if the goods and services were performed in another country.
Term
Developed Country
Definition
A country with high levels urbanization, high standards of living, and high levels industrialization.
Term
Developing Country
Definition
A country with lower levels of urbanization, lower standards of living, and lower levls of Industrialization, yet are showing signs of development and shiftment into a developed country.
Term
Development
Definition
The process of developing to meet higher standards and expectations.
Term
Core-Periphery Model
Definition
A model that views the world with a core, a semi-periphery, and a periphery.
Term
Core Regions
Definition
Regions that have achieved high leverls of codioeconomic prosperity and are dominant players in the global economic game.
Term
Peripheral Regions
Definition
Poor regions that are dependent in significant ways on the core and do not have as much control over their own affairs.
Term
Semi-peripheral Regions
Definition
Consists of regions that exert more power than peripheral regions but are dominated to some degree by the core regions
Term
World Systems Theory
Definition
Immanuel Wallerstein, proposed that social change in the developing world is linked to the economic activities of the developed world. He theorized off of the core-periphery model.
Term
Liberal Model
Definition
believe that all countries will one day be developed and LDC's will no longer exist.
Term
Stucturalist Model
Definition
Believes that there will always be an underdeveloped country. Even if they reach the point we are at now, We will be more advanced when they reach our current level.
Term
Modernization Model
Definition
Walt Rostow, all counries follow a similar path through five stages of development.
1. traditional society
2. Preconditions of takeoff
3. Takeoff
4. Drive to maturity
5. High mass consumption
Term
Dependency Theory
Definition
Theory that says that the political and economic relationships between countries and regions of the world limit the development of LDC's.
Example- colonization in Africa
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